
How 'wearables for wildlife' are unlocking the secret knowledge of animals
A mini-cellphone on a goat's ear. A little backpack on a bird. A Fitbit on a whale.
Scientists have a range of cute descriptions for the technology in The Secret Knowledge of Animals, a documentary from The Nature of Things. But the data provided by these small tracking devices, placed on a range of species all over the world, is revealing big things about what humans have witnessed for millennia but could never observe at this level — that animals can sense and predict things we cannot.
And now, we can watch in real time.
The tracking devices capture information about thousands of animals and their movements using GPS — and even video, sound and water temperature in some cases. Billions of data points are transmitted into space to a 10-by-10-centimetre receiver attached to a satellite about the size of a briefcase.
The project is called the International Cooperation for Animal Research Using Space, also known as ICARUS. All the data is published in Movebank, a free online database anyone can access. And since 2012, over 1,400 species have been entered, from elephants to butterflies.
"These findings will aid behavioural research, species protection and research into the paths taken in the spread of infectious diseases," the ICARUS website says. "The information should even help to predict ecological changes and natural disasters."
With ICARUS, scientists are learning what animals know, how they know it and what humans can learn from it.
'We can't really grasp it'
After natural disasters, stories often surface about goats appearing to sense a volcanic eruption or cows seeming uneasy long before an earthquake.
By then, however, it's too late — the event has already happened.
One of many applications of ICARUS is to use animal behaviour to predict these events, says Martin Wikelski, biologist at the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior and founder of ICARUS.
"[Animals] smell better. They hear better. They see better. They have ultrasound," he says in the documentary. "All of that combined is often what we call the sixth sense of animals because we can't really grasp it."
Animals' sensory abilities often exceed our own, giving them a picture of the planet we can't see. The tracking devices — dubbed "wearables for wildlife" — and the resulting wealth of data are akin to giving humans predictive superpowers.
Previous technology can't predict an earthquake — it can only warn people before seismic waves reach an area. And those warnings only come anywhere from a few seconds to more than a minute before the shaking begins.
These goats know when a volcano is about to erupt – way before humans do
8 days ago
Duration 1:50
Martin Wikelski and his colleagues studied the behaviour of goats prior to eight major volcanic eruptions at Mount Etna in Italy. Several hours before any sign of volcanic activity, nearby animals fled their pastures and headed down the mountain. Learn more in The Secret Knowledge of Animals, now streaming on CBC Gem and The Nature of Things YouTube channel.
"If we look only at the seismic signals, we understand a very little part of the story," volcanologist Boris Behncke says in the film.
At Mount Etna, Wikelski and his colleagues were able to measure the movements of goats and sheep, which accurately predicted major volcanic eruptions — several hours in advance. Given the lives that could be saved, the benefits of ICARUS are clear.
"If your cow can give you information about an earthquake," he says, "this is a major change in our understanding, in our relationship, with animals."
Saving species and the planet
The ambitions of ICARUS reach beyond predicting disasters and saving human lives.
For example, the documentary shows applications for thwarting poachers in Kruger National Park in South Africa.
The renowned park spans nearly two million hectares, an expanse that's almost impossible to safeguard against illegal hunters seeking to slaughter elephants for their tusks and rhinos for their horns.
But tracking animal movement revealed something fascinating: animals such as giraffes and impalas react differently to a human poacher than they do to an animal predator, like a lion.
As the animals flee the poacher, data shows them scattering across the park. Their flight response essentially becomes an early alarm system, so rangers can zero in on poaching attempts.
"I think my biggest worry would be that we're losing animals before we even know what they can tell us, before we communicate with them, before we can understand the amazing abilities they have," Wikelski says. "Because once we understand that, we will do everything to protect them."
Another early alarm system: the behaviour of whales.
With her team from Dalhousie University, marine biologist Sarah Fortune has been attaching suction-cup "biologgers" to four whale species. These tracking devices use GPS, video, sound and temperature and can record dive profiles, acceleration, changes in the Earth's magnetic field and the pitch and roll of the whales.
"If you know where the whales are feeding and spending their time, you can get a better sense for the risks that they face from entanglement or ship strikes," Fortune says in the documentary.
Protecting whales from harm runs parallel to another massive opportunity presented by this data — understanding our environment.
"We know the Gulf Stream is changing, currents are changing, the oceans are warming as well," Fortune says. "The whales are going to mirror those changes. So they're kind of an indicator of climate change. In a sense, right whales are the canaries of the ocean."
A 'golden era for biology'
"We are at the beginning of a new era — a golden era — for biology," Wikelski says.
"All these animals tell us different things about the world. And by tracking them, we can learn so much. Where are diseases hiding? Where are the next natural disasters occurring? How is the weather? How is the climate? Where are interactions between humans and animals? Where do we have to protect animals? All of those things, animals can tell us."
ICARUS is helping us understand our present and future beyond anything possible before.
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Winnipeg Free Press
3 days ago
- Winnipeg Free Press
‘Nature of Things' looks at how parenthood changes men's brains and bodies with ‘Dad Bods'
TORONTO – A new episode of CBC's 'The Nature of Things,' timed to Father's Day, explores some of the ways men's brains and bodies adapt to parenthood. The episode titled 'Dad Bods' takes viewers across Canada and around the world to look at social and scientific elements of fatherhood. The Canadian Press spoke with director Christine McLean about how the doc, available now on CBC Gem, came together. CP: Tell me about the tone of the documentary. McLean: I like to think that it's not just humorous, but it's warm-hearted… I think the most important point that came out of all this science, most of it quite recent, only in the last 20 years or so, is that we as humans, we have these incredible bodies that are so adaptable. And especially our brains. What the science is showing us is that given the opportunity, we all have the potential, whether we're male or female, to be great nurturing parents. Dads become more empathetic than they might have been before they had children, but they also become experts in their own child. The part of the brain that's stimulated is the part that allows us to read social cues. And they really become very intelligent in terms of figuring out why a baby is in distress. CP: Did anything you learned while making the documentary surprise you? McLean: I did not know that a man's testosterone typically goes down after he has a child. It made a certain amount of sense because I think many of us notice that when a person becomes a parent, they become a softer, gentler version of themselves… I had no idea that that was linked to biological changes inside that person. That was the first surprise. All men are impacted by hands-on care of children: grandfathers, uncles, adoptive fathers. If they're holding that child, they have those hormonal changes happening. That was all new to me. I think new to most people was the recent science about the benefits of what they call skin-to-skin care, which is common in Canadian hospitals. I remember noticing a few years ago friends would send me photographs of babies being held by their dads, and the dads would have their shirts off. And I'm thinking, what is happening in the delivery room these days? It puzzled me. Is this a weird new selfie that people are taking? Little did I know that there's all kinds of physical benefits to that. The father's heart rate goes down, his blood pressure goes down, the baby is comforted. But also the baby often will take in the good gut bacteria that can be on the dad's skin and it helps their digestive system. And who knew that? That was only discovered a couple of years ago. And we now know that for babies who are born via caesarean section, they don't get the gut bacteria from the mom that they get with a conventional birth. And yet, if dads practise skin-to-skin care, the latest science shows that their contribution to that baby's gut health is as robust as the mom's would have been had she delivered vaginally. It's extraordinary. CP: The episode made me think about masculinity, and the conversations we're having around what masculinity means. McLean: It wasn't one of my goals to delve into that, but watching it, you can't help but think about these things. I would say that anybody watching this documentary is not going to be left with the feeling that a good father isn't masculine. I think they're going to have the exact opposite feeling. The book that inspired it ('Father Time: A Natural History of Men and Babies' by American primatologist Sarah Blaffer Hrdy) delves into that a little bit more. There is this sense that if we are to give men permission or at least encourage them to be close to their children, that the changes that happen in their body result in a different kind of masculinity. I'm not going to say it's less masculine… I think that there's kind of a new version of a hero that's evolving when it comes to fathering children. And I think today's heroes are the dads who get up in the night, the dads that change the diapers, the dads that worry about whether their children are happy. And I don't think that makes them less a man. I think it makes them a greater human being. And I think that discovering there was so much going on in the male body in a sense takes gender out of the equation. CP: How would you respond to someone who doesn't like the idea of their testosterone level going down? McLean: The fact that testosterone goes down, when that was discovered about 20 years ago, it attracted a lot of attention and led to this burgeoning field of science. And I can only assume that there was some concern about that on the part of men, because it's testosterone that allows men and women to build body mass. It leads to competitiveness, it leads to assertiveness. None of those things are bad. The thought of losing some of that, I can understand where somebody — particularly a young man — might not like thinking about that. But anybody who watches this documentary will see that the rewards for being a hands-on dad are so great. Losing a little testosterone in the process is no big deal when you see the rewards, the bonds that develop with your child. Weekly A weekly look at what's happening in Winnipeg's arts and entertainment scene. We couldn't fit everything into the documentary, but what the data shows is, in addition to fathers living longer and having greater health, they have stronger marriages. They have better relationships with their kids. We were focused on the dads, but if you were to look at the children, there are so many profound benefits to a child to having a hands-on dad, in terms of how well they do in school, how well their mental health is. And I think that a good dad makes for a good family, and good families make for a great community, and there's just these ripples of positive impact from dads being as involved as they are today. This interview was edited for length and clarity. This report by The Canadian Press was first published June 5, 2025.


Toronto Sun
19-05-2025
- Toronto Sun
Caught on camera, capuchin monkeys kidnap howler monkey babies
Published May 19, 2025 • 2 minute read This photo provided by researchers shows a baby howler monkey clinging onto a young adult male capuchin monkey on Jicarón Island, Panama in September 2022. Photo by Brendan Barrett / Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior via AP WASHINGTON — A baby howler monkey clung to the back of an older male monkey, its tiny fingers grasping fur. But they're not related and not even the same species. This advertisement has not loaded yet, but your article continues below. THIS CONTENT IS RESERVED FOR SUBSCRIBERS ONLY Subscribe now to read the latest news in your city and across Canada. Unlimited online access to articles from across Canada with one account. Get exclusive access to the Toronto Sun ePaper, an electronic replica of the print edition that you can share, download and comment on. Enjoy insights and behind-the-scenes analysis from our award-winning journalists. Support local journalists and the next generation of journalists. Daily puzzles including the New York Times Crossword. SUBSCRIBE TO UNLOCK MORE ARTICLES Subscribe now to read the latest news in your city and across Canada. Unlimited online access to articles from across Canada with one account. Get exclusive access to the Toronto Sun ePaper, an electronic replica of the print edition that you can share, download and comment on. Enjoy insights and behind-the-scenes analysis from our award-winning journalists. Support local journalists and the next generation of journalists. Daily puzzles including the New York Times Crossword. REGISTER / SIGN IN TO UNLOCK MORE ARTICLES Create an account or sign in to continue with your reading experience. Access articles from across Canada with one account. Share your thoughts and join the conversation in the comments. Enjoy additional articles per month. Get email updates from your favourite authors. THIS ARTICLE IS FREE TO READ REGISTER TO UNLOCK. Create an account or sign in to continue with your reading experience. Access articles from across Canada with one account Share your thoughts and join the conversation in the comments Enjoy additional articles per month Get email updates from your favourite authors Don't have an account? Create Account Scientists spotted surprising evidence of what they describe as monkey kidnappings while reviewing video footage from a small island off Panama. The capuchin monkeys were seen carrying at least 11 howler babies between 2022 and 2023. 'This was very much a shocking finding,' said Zoe Goldsborough, a behavioral ecologist at the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior in Germany. 'We've not seen anything like this in the animal kingdom.' The monkeys' motivations remain under investigation. Capuchins are house cat-size monkeys found in South America and Central America. They are long-lived, clever and learn new behaviors from each other. One group of capuchins in Panama has even learned to use stone tools to crack open nuts and seafood. Your noon-hour look at what's happening in Toronto and beyond. By signing up you consent to receive the above newsletter from Postmedia Network Inc. Please try again This advertisement has not loaded yet, but your article continues below. Goldsborough and other researchers at Max Planck and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute had set up more than 80 cameras to study capuchin tool use, but were surprised to see the first howler babies appear in early 2022. The footage showed the capuchins walking and pounding their stone tools with baby howlers on their backs. But cameras did not capture the moments of abduction, which scientists said likely happened up in the trees, where howlers spend most of their time. 'Our window into this story is constrained,' said co-author Margaret Crofoot of Max Planck and the Smithsonian. The findings were published Monday in the journal Current Biology. In most or all cases, the baby howlers died, researchers said. Infant howler monkeys would normally be carried by their mothers while still nursing. All the babies in the video — from a few weeks to a few months in age — were too young to be weaned. This advertisement has not loaded yet, but your article continues below. 'A hopeful part of me wants to believe some escaped and went back to their mothers, but we don't know,' said Crofoot. The videos recorded a few instances of young capuchin males still carrying howler babies that had died, likely from starvation. Many animals — from gorillas to orcas — have been observed carrying their own dead offspring, though scientists aren't sure the reasons. Why did the capuchin males do it? There were no signs of deliberate aggression toward the babies and they weren't eaten, ruling out predation. 'We've all spent hours wracking our brains why they would do this,' said Goldsborough. The first baby-snatcher may have had a confused 'caring motivation,' or parental instinct, because he showed gentleness interacting with the infants, she said. Then four other males copied his actions. The researchers said they don't believe the capuchins harmed the babies on purpose. So far, only one group of capuchins has been known to kidnap. The research shows the 'remarkable behavioral variation across social groups of the same species,' said Catherine Crockford, a primatologist at the CNRS Institute for Cognitive Sciences in France, who was not involved in the study.


CBC
20-03-2025
- CBC
I thought my body was safe from microplastics. I was wrong
Social Sharing Nothing will radicalize you like seeing another person's garbage in your body. In my blood, in my lungs and in my guts, there are tiny, invisible particles of plastic bags, medical waste, tire dust, synthetic clothing and food packaging. Making the film Plastic People made me realize I am a human landfill. In the documentary, from The Nature of Things, I have my home, food and body tested for microplastics as part of an investigation into our addiction to plastic — and the growing threat to human health. I began the journey thinking my body was relatively pristine. As a bona fide eco-nerd, I thought there couldn't be that much plastic in my home. My rug and sofa are made of natural fibres; I don't eat a lot of fast food; I even use beeswax wraps for my leftovers. And this is why, when we first began discussing ideas for the film, I thought I should try to burden my body with extra plastic — by eating shellfish, for example, which I don't normally do — to see if we could detect a spike in my system. Turns out that wasn't necessary. My body was already inundated. While the science is new, studies on microplastics in the human body are revealing just how insidious the tiny toxic particles are. A recent study looking at the human brain, for instance, found we may have anywhere from five to seven grams of plastic lodged between our ears (though experts I spoke with suggested the actual number is not that high). Seven grams of plastic — the high end of the estimate — is roughly the weight of a disposable plastic spoon. It's a fitting image when you consider that an estimated 40 billion plastic utensils are used and thrown away every single year in the United States alone. And that plastic doesn't disappear. It breaks down into tiny pieces that sweep into our oceans, are buried in the soil and drift into the air. We breathe in that plastic. We eat that plastic. We drink that plastic (about 80 per cent of tap water contains microplastics). So it shouldn't come as a surprise that when we trash the environment, we inevitably trash our bodies too. Still, reading about microplastics in the headlines is one thing, but seeing that garbage in your body is quite another. We are becoming plastic people For the documentary, I travelled around the world and met with scientists to test the microplastic burden in my body. I will spare you the gory details of having to test my feces (very unglamorous), but it was the microplastics in my blood that I found most shocking. My samples were tested as part of a double-blind study. In the film, researchers were finding an average of 11 microplastic particles in 2.5 millilitres of blood — the equivalent of half a teaspoon. Now, keep in mind the average adult has about five litres of blood in their body. If just 2.5 millilitres contains 11 microplastic particles, do the math and consider how much garbage is coursing through your body. We are literally becoming plastic people. Microplastics are everywhere, including in our blood 55 minutes ago Duration 1:22 Ziya Tong participated in a double-blind study testing microplastics in donor blood. In the documentary Plastic People, researchers found microplastics in every 2.5-millilitre blood sample — the equivalent of half a teaspoon. Watch Plastic People on CBC Gem and The Nature of Things YouTube channel. Can we stop plastic pollution? The thing is, while plastic is ubiquitous, most of us still don't see it in our surroundings. That's because so much plastic is invisible and hides where you'd least expect it: in paint, flooring, paper cups, clothes, chewing gum, cigarette butts, makeup, sunscreen — it's even in our produce stickers. It goes without saying that the campaigns that focus solely on banning plastic straws or bags are missing the mark. This brings us to the question I'm most often asked: what can be done to stop plastic pollution? The good news is there are some very smart and dedicated people working to ban single-use plastics. Right now, the Global Plastics Treaty negotiations are taking place, with 170 countries working on a legal framework to stop plastics pollution. There is also a growing business coalition, which is working toward systemic change and a circular economy. There are Plastic Free Communities around the world, where residents are fighting against single-use plastics, and in Plastic People, we delve into new technologies and plastic alternatives. So there absolutely is hope, and there are solutions. The very first step to solving a big problem is identifying it and naming it. Ten years ago, few people even knew the problem of microplastics existed. Today, the tiny, invisible threat is making front-page news. The key thing to remember is that we do know how to solve big problems. Just as DDT was phased out in the 1970s after we understood its harms, if we work together to ban single-use plastics now, we will reduce the harmful effects of microplastics on the planetary body and, importantly, on the human body too. Watch Plastic People on CBC Gem and the CBC Docs YouTube channel.