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Slow loris: Zoo welcomes rare pygmy loris twins

Slow loris: Zoo welcomes rare pygmy loris twins

BBC News4 hours ago

Have you heard of a slow loris? You might have seen them on the internet because their big eyes make them look very cute.Now, a UK zoo is celebrating the birth of not just one, but two of the rare and endangered creatures.The tiny twins were born at Amazon World Zoo Park on the Isle of Wight, and are pygmy slow lorises.They were born as part of a breeding programme to help the species and are the fourth pair of loris to be born at the zoo since December 2020.A spokesperson from the zoo said the team were "so excited" and "proud" to be part of the breeding programme.
Pygmy slow lorises belong to a family of animals called primates, which means they are closely related to animals like lemurs, monkeys and apes.In the wild they come from the rainforests and bamboo thickets of Vietnam, Laos, eastern Cambodia and southern China.They are classified as endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's red list, as the species is estimated to have undergone a decline in its population of more than 50% over the last 24 years.A Zoo spokesperson said: "Breeding endangered species like these loris are what zoos like ours are all about, ensuring that there is a captive population whilst numbers struggle in the wild."According to the Zoological Information Management System (ZIMS) they are the only ones to be born in the UK in the last 12 months, during which period only seven other zoos in Europe have bred Lorises.Top facts about slow lorises:Slow lorises are noctural animalsThey have a venoumous bite which is harmful to humansThey use their wee to mark their territoryWhat do you think of these cute creatures? Let us know in the comments...

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Gel used to smooth out facial wrinkles could be used to treat dry mouth after scientists grow saliva gland in a dish
Gel used to smooth out facial wrinkles could be used to treat dry mouth after scientists grow saliva gland in a dish

Daily Mail​

time29 minutes ago

  • Daily Mail​

Gel used to smooth out facial wrinkles could be used to treat dry mouth after scientists grow saliva gland in a dish

A gel normally used to smooth out facial wrinkles could also help millions of people who suffer with chronic dry mouth. The gel – hyaluronic acid – is a viscous substance that occurs naturally in the body, helping to lubricate joints, keep skin moist and stop the eyes from drying out. In recent years, man-made versions of the jelly-like material have become a popular cosmetic treatment among those seeking younger-looking skin – making it look plump and banishing unsightly lines. Now a team of scientists have found that synthetic hyaluronic acid is also the perfect environment for growing the cells that release saliva in our mouths. It's the first time that fully functioning cells like this have been grown outside the body – and it's hoped the breakthrough, reported in the International Journal of Oral Science last month, will lead to a new treatment of lab-grown cells that can be transplanted into the mouths of patients suffering persistent dry mouth. The average healthy adult produces up to two litres of saliva every day, which most people swallow without noticing. But up to ten million people in the UK suffer from dry mouth – known as xerostomia – when salivary glands under the tongue and around the jaw don't produce enough saliva. This is often temporary but for some people, dry mouth can become a chronic condition that severely affects their quality of life. Causes range from nasal infections and diabetes to certain medications (including decongestants) and simply not drinking enough fluids, because 99 per cent of saliva is water. Studies have also shown salivary gland cells become less efficient as we age, and no longer produce saliva and enzymes. Patients who have undergone radiotherapy treatment for head and neck cancers, which can damage the glands permanently, are often the most affected. Up to 90 per cent of them develop permanent damage to the salivary glands and dry mouth. Current treatments for dry mouth range from over-the-counter sprays and pastilles that stimulate saliva production, to artificial saliva – usually available only on prescription. But in patients whose salivary glands have been damaged or destroyed, there is little that doctors can offer for effective symptom relief. The hope is that using hyaluronic acid to grow new salivary gland cells and then transplanting them into the mouth could be a better solution – in much the same way that skin is grafted on to wounds or burns to boost healing. Researchers at McGill University in Canada took a small number of human acinar cells – which produce saliva – and placed them in a hyaluronic acid gel in a petri dish. Within a week, the cells started to form into large round clusters that mimicked the appearance of human salivary glands. After two weeks, the cells were still replicating and were metabolically active – for example, producing all the proteins they needed to stay alive and to stimulate the secretion of saliva. The cells also produced the digestive enzyme alpha-amylase, which is important for stimulating the production of saliva. Previous attempts to grow these acinar cells in the lab have had little success, as they don't thrive on the type of 'scaffolds' normally used to regrow tissue – such as collagen. The make-up of salivary glands is also complex, with many specialised cells that are difficult to replicate and grow. Simon Tran, a professor of dentistry at McGill University, who led the research, said it was 'a significant step forward'. 'This study demonstrates that by fine-tuning [hyaluronic acid] gel composition, we can closely replicate the native environment of salivary acinar cells. 'These engineered salivary cells could potentially be delivered via injection directly into the patient's damaged salivary gland, acting much like a graft to restore function.' But he stressed that it's not yet clear if a one-off injection would suffice, or whether repeat treatments might be necessary to maintain healthy saliva production. Commenting on the findings, Austen Smith, a consultant oral and maxillofacial surgeon at Sheffield and Barnsley NHS Foundation Trusts, said the new research is a 'valuable move forward to helping damaged tissue heal to its maximal potential'. And Caroline Geraghty, a specialist information nurse at Cancer Research UK, said: 'It would be a real breakthrough if people could regain full function in their own salivary glands one day so they don't have to rely on temporary fixes.' But she warned larger human trials are needed to see if the gel jabs are safe and effective.

America is hijacking Britain's hopes of a tech revolution
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America is hijacking Britain's hopes of a tech revolution

With its thatched cottages, 11th-century church and grade-II listed buildings, Harwell appears to be the quintessential Oxfordshire village. A brisk stroll through the nearby fields, however, and you will soon find yourself in the beating heart of Britain's scientific community. Harwell Campus, previously a Second World War airfield base for bomber squadrons and gliders, is home to 7,500 scientists and £3bn worth of technological infrastructure. A vast spherical building housing the Diamond Light Source, a powerful particle accelerator, dominates much of the campus. Yet the hub is also home to the UK's National Quantum Computing Centre. This 40,000 sq ft facility, opened by science minister Lord Patrick Vallance last year, is designed to hold 12 cutting-edge quantum computers. These machines, Lord Vallance said in October, would help 'solve some of the biggest challenges we face, whether it's delivering advances in healthcare, enhancing energy efficiency, tackling climate change, or inventing new materials'. The centre is integral to Oxford's hope of succeeding in the global race to crack quantum computing, as it competes with tech giants from both the US and China. These quantum machines should, the theory goes, be able to outperform classical computers many times over by relying on the principles of quantum mechanics. However, it appears the rise of Oxford as a quantum hub has not gone unnoticed. 'Had to sell to America' Last week, a 60-person start-up called Oxford Ionics was sold in a $1bn (£730m) deal to US rival IonQ, a $10bn US-listed quantum giant. The takeover, made up almost entirely of the company's shares, landed Chris Ballance and Tom Hart, Oxford Ionics's founders, a paper fortune of $180m. Driving the deal were breakthroughs in developing 'trapped ion' quantum semiconductors, as Oxford Ionics developed chips that were twice as powerful as their rivals and less prone to errors. For a start-up founded in a basement in Oxford, the deal represented quite the outcome. Niccolo de Masi, chief executive of IonQ and a Cambridge University graduate, claimed the deal would create a company 'head and shoulders' above its rivals. He also stressed that Oxford would become IonQ's 'global R&D hub'. However, the deal has renewed questions over whether Britain has the ability to scale cutting-edge start-ups to help them compete on the global stage. 'Oxford Ionics epitomises British innovation,' said Henry Lee, a strategist at the Tony Blair Institute for Global Change said last week. 'Brilliant Oxford research. Great early backing. Promising tech. But when it came time to scale? Had to sell to America.' Founders in the nascent quantum sector have similarly mixed feelings about the deal. Sebastian Weidt, the chief executive of Universal Quantum, says the sale was a 'testament to the amazing foundations we have in quantum computing in the UK'. However, he adds it was also an 'example of a long list of companies failing to achieve escape velocity independently in the UK'. Inflection point Britain was an early mover in quantum technology. In 2014, under David Cameron's coalition, the government earmarked £1bn in state funding for UK scientists and experts in quantum. Rishi Sunak renewed this pledge in 2023 by promising £2.5bn over the coming decade. This helped fund years of learning, as most quantum computers have so far only been useful for esoteric research and experiments, such as complicated maths problems with little practical use. Yet some technology leaders now believe quantum computing technology is at an inflecion point. This includes Jensen Huang, chief executive of $3.5 trillion tech giant Nvidia, who said last week said useful quantum computers were 'within reach'. Inevitably, this has posed questions about whether Britain is ready to capitalise. Late last year, Peter Kyle, Secretary of State for Science, announced £100m to fund five quantum hubs in the UK. Another £121m was set aside in April. However, industry insiders fear this falls short of the amount industry had expected under the £2.5bn strategy set out by Sunak. Ashley Montanaro, co-founder of Bristol start-up Phasecraft, says: 'Delivery of this funding has lagged behind – especially on the software side. 'It's no surprise that UK quantum companies are looking at opportunities beyond these shores.' Oxford Ionics is not the only UK quantum business bought out by a larger US counterpart in recent years. 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Leeds researchers hail leukaemia treatment  'milestone'
Leeds researchers hail leukaemia treatment  'milestone'

BBC News

time3 hours ago

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Leeds researchers hail leukaemia treatment 'milestone'

A chemotherapy-free approach for some patients suffering from leukaemia could lead to better outcomes, scientists behind a five-year medical trial have findings of the UK-wide study, led by researchers from Leeds, could reshape the way the most common form of leukaemia in adults was treated, according to those behind the trial looked at whether using two targeted cancer drugs could prove to be more effective than standard chemotherapy among patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), the most common form of leukaemia in Talha Munir, consultant haematologist at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, who led the study, called its results a "milestone". CLL is a rare blood cancer that affects about 3,800 people in the UK each year, most of whom are over the age of 40. Symptoms can include persistent illness, weight loss, swelling, fatigue and anaemia, where there are not enough red blood cells in the blood. The half-decade-long trial involved researchers from Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Leeds and focused on 786 patients across 96 cancer results showed that the treatment, using two drugs, ibrutinib and venetoclax, led to better survival rates, fewer long-term side effects, and the possibility of life without chemotherapy for many to the results of the study, which have now been published in the New England Journal of Medicine, researchers also found the alternative treatment regime was tolerated better than traditional Munir said: "We have shown a chemotherapy-free approach can be not only more effective but also more tolerable for patients."By tailoring individualised treatment based on how well the cancer responds, we're moving into an era of truly personalised medicine." One of the patients benefiting from the trial was Catherine Whitfield, from Farnley, Leeds, who was diagnosed with CLL in 2018 and who now has no cancer cells after three years of Whitfield, 63, said the trial had "felt right" to her. "The way this trial was explained, it just made sense," she explained. "Also, the thought of chemotherapy was scary to me. The trial felt right. And it was."Ms Whitfield said she had previously lost her husband to cancer: "I have seen how hard it could be.""My first thought after my diagnosis was, I will never see my grandchildren being born and growing up," she said."Now I have two grandchildren, Drew and Alaia, and they are a delight and highlight the joys of a healthy life".Dr Munir said: "This isn't just about data. It's about people like Catherine, and thousands of others, who trusted us with their care. "Thanks to them, we're changing the future of cancer treatment." Listen to highlights from West Yorkshire on BBC Sounds, catch up with the latest episode of Look North.

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