Spring tick warning as ‘fatal allergic reactions' developed after bites
Alpha-gal syndrome is a new allergic condition caused by tick bites. The symptoms can be quite severe and it can even be fatal in certain cases. Here's what you need to know
A new report has linked various types of ticks to alpha-gal syndrome, a potentially fatal condition. Ticks are known to carry a range of illnesses with different impacts, but one of the most lethal is alpha-gal syndrome.
The disease was first reported in the UK in 2019, primarily among travellers returning from abroad with tick bites. However, a recent study published in the British Journal of General Practice suggests that Ixodes ricinus, a tick species native to the UK, could be spreading the disease. This follows several case reports in Scotland.
Previously, it was believed that the lone star tick, native to the US, was solely responsible for the condition. However, new reports from the CDC have identified two additional black-legged tick species that may be carrying the disease across the Atlantic.
Alpha-gal syndrome is an allergy triggered by the saliva of certain ticks. It causes the immune system to overreact to a specific sugar, galactose-α-1,3-galactose, or alpha-gal for short, found in mammalian muscle tissue.
Consequently, individuals with this syndrome develop a potentially life-threatening allergy to red meat, certain medications, personal care products, and medical treatments. According to Anaphylaxis UK, the symptoms of this allergic reaction can be somewhat delayed, making it difficult for some people to identify their condition.
The initial symptoms of alpha-gal syndrome can manifest up to eight hours after consuming red meat. Mild reactions may include a raised red rash on any part of the body, an itchy or tingly sensation in the mouth, swelling around the eyes, lips and face, as well as stomach pain or vomiting.
In more severe instances, the condition can lead to anaphylaxis, which can cause difficulty breathing, disrupt heart rhythm or blood pressure. Individuals may feel weak and floppy or experience a sense of impending doom due to a drop in blood pressure.
Collapsing and loss of consciousness are also possible outcomes, and without appropriate treatment, anaphylaxis can be fatal. Those with asthma may also be at risk of experiencing more serious symptoms.
Treatment for alpha-gal syndrome is similar to that of other allergies; this includes antihistamines, EpiPens if necessary, and avoiding the allergen. The allergy may not be permanent for some individuals, while others may have lifelong sensitivity.
Avoiding further tick bites can also enhance the chances of your symptoms lessening over time. If you're concerned you might have alpha-gal syndrome, Anaphylaxis UK recommends asking your GP to refer you to an allergy clinic, even if the symptoms are mild.
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