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Epoch Times
09-05-2025
- Health
- Epoch Times
Old Antibiotic Shows Promise Against Lyme Disease at Ultra-Low Doses
Scientists may be closing in on two major advances in the fight against Lyme disease: an overlooked antibiotic that eliminates the infection at exceptionally low doses and new insights into why symptoms often persist long after treatment. In a pair of Unlike doxycycline, piperacillin targets the Lyme disease bacteria specifically, sparing the gut microbiome from the disruption that typically accompanies doxycycline use. 'What was remarkable to us was how well piperacillin worked at really low doses,' Brandon L. Jutras, a professor in the microbiology-immunology department at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and lead researcher, told The Epoch Times. 'We don't need to provide it at a concentration that could kill other microbes.' The team also found that remnants of the Lyme bacteria can remain in the body after being treated with antibiotics, which may Peptidoglycan—a component of Lyme bacteria's cell wall—can linger in the body, triggering prolonged immune reactions and helping explain the symptoms of post-treatment Lyme disease (PTLD), where some patients continue to experience symptoms for months or even years after the infection is thought to be cleared. A More Targeted Approach Lyme disease is an infectious illness that is spread to people through the bites of infected black-legged ticks and can lead to neurological and heart complications if untreated. Related Stories 10/22/2023 11/13/2024 Piperacillin works by interfering with the unique way Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterium responsible for Lyme disease, builds its cell walls—a process essential for bacterial survival. Because of this targeted mechanism, researchers believe piperacillin will spare the gut microbiome, which is often disrupted by broader-spectrum antibiotics like doxycycline. However, whether this more targeted approach could help prevent PTLD wasn't addressed in the study. Jutras' team screened nearly 500 FDA-approved drugs, tracking how each compound affected the bacteria's ability to build its distinctive cell wall. 'We could literally watch what happened to the cell wall when we added antibiotics,' Jutras said. 'Piperacillin disrupted that process in a way that was incredibly specific to Borrelia.' Currently, piperacillin is used to treat pneumonia and urinary tract infections and is not approved for use against Lyme disease in humans. Beyond treatment, the researchers also see promise in piperacillin as a potential preventive measure. The idea is that one dose, received right after a tick bite, could stop the infection before it starts. Early diagnosis is challenging since small tick bites may often go unnoticed, early symptoms may not appear for days or weeks, and not all patients develop the telltale bull's-eye rash. Diagnostic tests often rely on antibodies that take time to form, resulting in false negatives during early infection. 'You get bit by a tick. You go to your doctor. Right now, they might tell you to wait for symptoms or a positive test result,' Jutras said. 'But with piperacillin, the idea is that you could receive a single prophylactic dose. It wouldn't harm your microbiome, and it might prevent illness altogether.' Jutras noted that while the findings make piperacillin a promising option, it must first be tested and proven effective in human trials before physicians can prescribe it. Some experts also caution that any antibiotic—even at low doses—can contribute to antibiotic resistance. 'The question is: does the benefit of potentially preventing Lyme disease outweigh the risk to that person's microbiome and the collective antibiotic resistance concern that we collectively face?' 'If piperacillin is proven to be highly effective, then that is a no-brainer in favor of preventing this potentially debilitating medical condition,' he said, adding that piperacillin is only available in intravenous or intramuscular form, so it's unlikely to be practical for widespread preventive use after a tick bite. Side effects of doxycycline may include gastrointestinal discomfort, increased sensitivity to sunlight, and potential risks to bone and tooth development in children. It's also avoided during pregnancy. Piperacillin, commonly used to treat pneumonia and urinary tract infections in combination with another antibiotic (tazobactam), carries risks of allergic reactions or changes in liver function. However, researchers note that the much lower dose used in this study—and the fact that it was not combined with a second antibiotic—may result in a safer profile. Why Lyme Symptoms Persist Lyme disease is now the most common vector-borne disease in the United States, with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimating that approximately 500,000 Americans are diagnosed and treated Unlike most infections, where the concern is primarily the initial acute phase, a significant worry with Lyme disease is that even after treatment, some people develop chronic symptoms of fatigue, pain, and brain fog that don't respond to further treatment. A 2022 There is currently no single approved treatment for PTLD. Management typically focuses on relieving symptoms such as fatigue, joint pain, and brain fog through a combination of supportive care, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, extended or repeated antibiotic courses. Jutras and his team believe that lingering bacterial debris may trigger an immune response that mimics chronic illness, even when no live bacteria remain. These peptidoglycan fragments were found in the liver and in joint fluid of patients with Lyme arthritis, where they continue to provoke an immune response. Compared to other bacteria, Lyme bacteria's peptidoglycan is more resistant to breakdown, possibly due to its unique structure—a feature that scientists say is altered by the tick's biology. Holistic Approaches for Prevention To help reduce the risk of persistent symptoms, many doctors who specialize in Lyme treatment take a holistic approach to prevention and recovery. By lowering the number of lingering pathogens and supporting immune function, these strategies can help manage and even reduce the chances of developing PTLD. Bell highlighted the importance of identifying co-infections, such as Bartonella, Babesia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, or Rocky Mountain spotted fever, as well as addressing mold exposure and mycotoxins. 'If co-infections or mold toxins are present and go untreated, the patient will have a much more challenging time recovering from Lyme,' he said. Herbal remedies such as Cryptolepsis and Japanese knotweed Once symptoms indicating an acute infection are gone, these two botanicals may be a superior choice to antibiotics for long-term maintenance therapy after infection, Bell said. In addition to herbal treatments, lifestyle changes—such as prioritizing quality sleep, engaging in gentle movement like walking or yoga, and minimizing exposure to environmental toxins—are a key part of recovery. Clean tick bites with soap and water, and remove any attached ticks by using tweezers to pull them upward—without twisting or crushing them. Early symptoms of Lyme disease, occurring 3 to 30 days after exposure, include: Bull's-eye rash (erythema migrans) Fever, chills, or fatigue Muscle aches and joint pain Swollen lymph nodes Later symptoms, which may occur weeks to months after infection, include: Severe joint swelling or pain Drooping on one side of the face (facial palsy) Numbness or tingling Irregular heartbeat Cognitive issues, such as memory loss
Time of India
24-04-2025
- Health
- Time of India
Antibiotic shows promise against Lyme disease at a fraction of the dosage
A Northwestern University study reveals that piperacillin, a common antibiotic, effectively treats Lyme disease in mice at a much lower dose than doxycycline, the current standard. This reduced dosage minimizes harm to beneficial gut bacteria, a significant drawback of existing treatments. Piperacillin, already FDA-approved, could also potentially serve as a preventive measure against Lyme disease following tick bites. Lyme disease affects nearly half a million individuals in the United States annually. The disease caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi and rarely, Borrelia mayonii is spread to humans through the bite of infected blacklegged ticks, known as deer ticks. Lyme disease can be devastating even in acute cases, so early treatment with antibiotics is crucial to prevent chronic symptoms like heart and neurological problems and arthritis. Scientists from Northwestern University have found that a specific antibiotic can cure Lyme disease effectively, and only requires 1/100th of the dose of the treatment currently being used. The study published in the journal Science Translational Medicine revealed that piperacillin, an antibiotic in the same class as penicillin, effectively Lyme disease in mice at 100 times less than the dose of doxycycline, the current gold standard treatment. The study revealed that at such a low dose, piperacillin also had the added benefit of 'having virtually no impact on resident gut microbes.' Though doxycycline and other generic antibiotics treat the disease, they wreak havoc on the microbiome by killing the beneficial gut bacteria. Doxycycline also fails in 10 and 20% of individuals who take it, and it is not approved for use in young children, who are especially at the highest risk of tick bites, resulting in Lyme. 'Powerful, broad-spectrum antibiotics that kill extracellular bacteria are seen as the most effective medication because physicians want to just kill the bacterium and don't care how. This is certainly a reasonable approach, but I think the future for Lyme disease patients is bright in that we are approaching an era of customized medicine, and we can potentially create a particular drug, or a combination to treat Lyme disease when others fail. The more we understand about the various strains and species of Lyme disease-causing Borrelia, the closer we get to a custom approach,' Brandon L. Jutras, who led the research, and ios an associate professor in the microbiology-immunology department of Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and a member of Northwestern's Center for Human Immunobiology, said in a statement. Trump Demands This From China Amid Tariff War... | 'U.S. No Longer Lose On Trade' The researchers stated that the piperacillin, which has already been FDA-approved as a safe treatment for pneumonia, could also be used as a preventive treatment. If someone is bitten by a deer tick and might have been exposed to Lyme disease, they could get a one-time shot of the medication to help prevent infection. The study said that penicillin is relatively the most effective and targeted treatment. Piperacillin is usually given with another drug, tazobactam, to treat serious strep infections. This is because strep can block piperacillin from working unless tazobactam is there to stop the enzyme that breaks it down. Jutras also looked at the option of using both drugs together as they might work better than using piperacillin alone. 'Bacteria are clever. Strep and some other bacteria combat antibiotics by secreting beta-lactamases that inactivate piperacillin. We found the approach is totally irrelevant in the context of Lyme disease, and another way that makes piperacillin more specific. Adding the beta-lactamase inhibitor doesn't improve the therapy because Lyme Borrelia don't produce beta-lactamase, but the cocktail does negatively impact the microbiome by becoming more broadly functional against beneficial residents,' Jutras added. Curbing Lyme disease is a challenge, given that there are no approved human vaccines as of now, and this new research could be a way forward.
