Latest news with #ConantheBacterium
Forbes
24-03-2025
- Science
- Forbes
Meet ‘Conan The Bacterium'—A Microbe That Defies Radiation, Acid And Even Martian Extremes
Found in an irradiated can of meat, Deinococcus radiodurans, or 'Conan the Bacterium,' can withstand ... More everything from intense radiation to acid. And soon, it could make its way to Mars. When reactor number four exploded at Chernobyl in 1986, the released radiation was lethal enough to create a 1,000-square-mile exclusion zone—inhospitable to human life for centuries to come. Decades later, amid this desolation, scientists made an astonishing discovery: fungi thriving by literally feeding off the radioactive decay. Similarly, after the Fukushima disaster in 2011, life found surprising ways to persist in radioactive soil. But even among these resilient survivors, one organism sets an extraordinary benchmark for sheer survival prowess—Deinococcus radiodurans, or as researchers affectionately call it, 'Conan the Bacterium.' This powerhouse of a microbe doesn't merely survive; it thrives under conditions that would obliterate nearly all known life forms. From gamma rays to the vacuum of space, Conan's resilience outshines nature's toughest competitors. Deinococcus radiodurans isn't just tough—it redefines biological durability. This microbe effortlessly endures radiation doses several thousand times stronger than levels lethal to humans. For perspective, while a mere 5 grays (Gy) of radiation is typically fatal for a human being and 4,000 Gy can kill tardigrades, Conan shrugs off exposure to doses surpassing 15,000 Gy with a 37% survival rate. But Conan's talents don't end there. This bacterium laughs in the face of harsh chemicals, extreme cold, acids and desiccation. Astonishingly, research conducted on the International Space Station in 2020 revealed that it could survive for three years exposed to the brutal vacuum and radiation of outer space. This unparalleled resilience has placed Conan the Bacterium at the pinnacle of extremophile organisms—those lifeforms uniquely adapted to endure Earth's harshest conditions and possibly even extraterrestrial environments. The discovery of Conan wasn't planned—it emerged from the wreckage of an experiment gone awry. In 1956, microbiologist Arthur Anderson at the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station attempted to sterilize canned meat using gamma radiation doses believed sufficient to kill all known microbes. Yet, some cans inexplicably spoiled. Further investigation revealed the tenacious Deinococcus radiodurans had not only survived but multiplied, defying all assumptions about life's fragility. Fast forward to recent years, and Conan is shaking up our assumptions again—this time, about life beyond Earth. A groundbreaking study in 2022—published in Astrobiology—subjected Conan to Martian-like conditions: frigid temperatures averaging -63 degrees Celsius, intense desiccation and relentless bombardment by cosmic radiation. Incredibly, the bacterium could potentially survive for 280 million years buried 10 meters beneath Mars' surface, protected from ultraviolet rays. This stunning longevity implies that if life ever existed on Mars, bacteria akin to Conan could still linger deep beneath its icy crust. How does Conan achieve these nearly supernatural feats of survival? The secret lies in a remarkable genetic and biochemical toolkit honed through eons of evolutionary pressure. At its core, Deinococcus radiodurans maintains multiple redundant copies of its genome—up to 10 per cell. When radiation shatters its DNA, these intact genome copies act as flawless templates, allowing rapid and precise repair of damaged sequences. Unlike other organisms, Conan quickly organizes broken DNA fragments into compact toroidal structures, facilitating swift and accurate reassembly through homologous recombination—a process ensuring minimal mutation rates despite catastrophic damage. Moreover, Conan boasts an exceptionally potent antioxidant defense powered by manganese ions. These manganese complexes scavenge free radicals produced by ionizing radiation, preventing cellular damage before it can even begin. A pivotal December 2024 study, published in PNAS, uncovered precisely how these manganese antioxidants combine with phosphate ions and specific peptides to form a uniquely effective defense mechanism—exhibiting superior antioxidant properties in certain conditions compared to previously known systems. Inspired by Conan's defense mechanisms, researchers are developing synthetic antioxidants that could protect astronauts from intense cosmic radiation on long-duration missions, or safeguard first responders in radiation accidents here on Earth. In Deinococcus radiodurans, nature has engineered a microbial marvel, equipped with survival capabilities that stretch the imagination. From the radioactive corridors of nuclear disasters to the harsh plains of Mars, Conan stands as a testament to life's extraordinary resilience—challenging our notions of survivability and inspiring innovations that could redefine our own limits. Species like Deinococcus radiodurans inspire us to think about how nature continuously adapts to the world around us and the boundaries of life. Curious about how you fit into the grand picture? Take this 2-minute test to see where you stand on the Connectedness to Nature Scale.
Yahoo
26-01-2025
- Science
- Yahoo
Scientists Find Signs of Life Deep Inside the Earth
We've heard of underground parties, but this is ridiculous. A new study by an international team of researchers has uncovered troves of microbes thriving in the hostile subsurface of the earth, far from the life-giving energy of the sun. The findings, published in the journal ScienceAdvances, are the culmination of eight years of first-of-its-kind research comparing over 1,400 datasets from microbiomes across the world. Chief among the findings is that the dank cracks of the planet's crust could be home to over half of microbial cells on Earth, challenging our previous — and logical — understanding that life gets less diverse and abundant the farther it gets from the sun. "It's commonly assumed that the deeper you go below the Earth's surface, the less energy is available, and the lower is the number of cells that can survive," said lead author Emil Ruff, a microbial ecologist at the famed Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory, in a news release about the research. "Whereas the more energy present, the more diversity can be generated and maintained — as in tropical forests or coral reefs, where there's lots of sun and warmth." "But we show that in some subsurface environments," he added, "the diversity can easily rival, if not exceed, diversity at the surface." That comparable diversity is the key to the group's breakthrough — the researchers wrote in their paper that "species richness and evenness in many subsurface environments rival those in surface environments," in what the team is calling a previously unknown "universal ecological principle." The study is notable not only for its findings, but also for its methodology. Prior to the team's work, which began in 2016, there was little concerted effort to standardize microbial datasets from around the globe, due to differences in collection and analysis standards. That changed thanks to a survey led by Bay Paul Center molecular biologist Mitchell Sogin — also a coauthor of the new paper — who organized a drive to standardize microbial DNA datasets from researchers around the world. The team's comparative work is built on these standardized datasets, allowing them to compare a sample sourced by a team at the University of Utah to that of a sample from the Universidad de Valladolid in Spain. It's a captivating tale of international collaboration and deep-diving research — paving the way for a fascinating and previously overlooked avenue of research. More on microorganisms: Researchers Say "Conan the Bacterium" Could Be Hidden Beneath Mars' Surface
