25-11-2024
Businessweek 32 Rules for Flying Now The essential handbook for surviving air travel, through the holidays and beyond. Illustrations by Millie von Platen November 21, 2024 at 5:00 AM EDT
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With weather delays, tech outages, seatmates who won't share the armrest, fees for things you used to get for free—it's easy to never want to step into an airport again. To help you survive flying this season, Bloomberg Businessweek scoured every part of the air travel experience to assemble 32 rules for how to fly now. They range from the best apps to help you take advantage of points (Rule 26) to why you shouldn't fear the airport hotel (Rule 6). Holiday travel can be daunting, but we want to arm you with secrets, smarts and even a little humor to make it a bit easier.
01
Boarding, like life, requires a strategy
Charley Locke
There's nothing quite as undignified as a throng of adult travelers side-stepping toward the gate while avoiding eye contact, all in an attempt to wait on the jet bridge five seconds before the next person. It's maddening to see, and even more maddening when you realize that you, in fact, have become one of those people. The truth is, though, your boarding strategy depends on what you're traveling with. Two toddlers? A borderline-too-large carry-on? A broken ankle? A tight connection once you land? An allergy to standing around for no good reason? Use this diagram to develop the right plan for how and when to board, no matter what your priorities.
02
Don't leave your partner behind
When one person has Global Entry, and the other person has … a passport, the only guaranteed outcome is a post-red-eye argument. Splurge on the extra $120 for your better half's Global Entry.
03
It's not just you—everything is 'premium' now
Amanda Mull
The first-class experience used to be primarily the domain of business travelers—their bosses were footing the bill, after all. However, since the pandemic, leisure travelers have been on a nonstop spending bender, snapping up premium seats and sparking a rush among airlines to add even more. The front of the plane is now a haven of sleeping pods and high-end toiletries, while airlines antagonize coach flyers at every turn, from the shrinking seat real estate to the extra fees for all kinds of things that used to be included. So is flying getting better, or is it getting worse?
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04
Booking the window seat is the ultimate flex
Bret Begun
On a recent flight from Seattle to New York, as I sat in the window seat and stared at America rolling by, the woman in the middle seat asked me a shocking question: Would I lower the shade? It was too bright, she said; it appeared that she wanted to sleep. I lowered it by about 3 inches, which let me be both courteous and passive-aggressive. But I thought to myself: 'Did she have any right to ask this of me?' Is the status of the shade a communal decision—or, as I'd believed, one in the hands of the passenger who chose (paid!) to sit by the window? What if there's something interesting to look at on the ground in eastern Montana?
There's been much discussion on this topic of late—even the series finale of Curb Your Enthusiasm meditated on it—but no clear consensus on how to think about it. Some common approaches exist. There are the accommodationists, who point to practical issues like glare rendering a laptop screen unusable, and there are the die-hards, who say if controlling the shade is so important to you, book a window seat. Everyone agrees that you must abide by the shade-up requests from flight attendants on takeoff and landing.
I was flying on Delta when this transgression occurred, and seeking answers, I wrote the airline and asked if it had an official position on the window seat conundrum. It punted. 'Delta encourages courteous dialogue as conversations occur in the cabin,' a spokesperson said. Spokespeople for the Federal Aviation Administration and the European Union Aviation Safety Agency both told me this issue wasn't something they regulated. A spokesperson for the Association of Flight Attendants-CWA said in an email, 'If you're not in the window seat but would like the shade open or closed, calmly explain to the person in the window seat why you'd appreciate it. More often than not, people will come to an understanding.' John Breyault, a vice president for the National Consumers League, wrote that the organization doesn't have an official position. But, he added, 'my general rule of thumb is that the window seat controls the shade, the middle seat controls the arm rests and the aisle seat can get up whenever s/he wants.' I can live with that. I'd rather float an elbow for five hours than be denied my right to enjoy the view.
05
A formula for never missing your flight
Charley Locke
The argument over when to leave for the airport is as old as air travel itself, but we've created a way to calculate exactly when to arrive curbside.
06
Embrace the soulless airport hotel
Patrick Clark
The use case for the airport hotel sounds like a riddle. 'People go there because they want to not be there,' says Jan Freitag, director of hospitality analytics at CoStar Group. But maybe we should stop fearing the prospect of a night (or two?) at the bland airport hotel—and embrace its best feature: It's the ultimate liminal space.
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07
Offset your carbon emissions guilt
Ben Elgin
Between fuel combustion and aircraft contrails, aviation accounts for about 5% of human-caused warming. For travelers who want to reduce the environmental impact of their flights, a number of airlines offer sustainability programs. Historically these have relied on carbon offsets, which are relatively inexpensive for consumers (as little as $10 per flight) but have been shown to deliver fewer climate benefits than advertised.
Today a few carriers, including Air France-KLM, Alaska Airlines and United, are offering passengers the option to support the development and use of sustainable aviation fuel, which costs about three times more than conventional jet fuel. SAF is made from things like animal tallow and used cooking oil. Over their life cycle, these result in fewer heat-trapping emissions than petroleum fuels.
SAF, however, isn't cheap. Avoiding a ton of CO2 emissions by using SAF instead of standard fuel can cost $500 or more, which is at least 25 times more expensive than most carbon offsets. Customers purchasing a ticket on Alaska Airlines, which started using small quantities of SAF in 2011, are offered the option to 'support carbon reductions' by funding enough SAF to eliminate from 5% to 20% of their share of a flight's emissions. The one-way fare on a recent Alaska flight from San Francisco to Newark was $188—the SAF options added an extra $20 to $80.
At KLM, which had 74,000 passengers participate in its SAF program last year, a recent $270 fare from Amsterdam to Barcelona offered passengers the choice to pay an extra $26 to $86 to negate some or all of their emissions with SAF.
Some of these programs are a bit too inexpensive to have much impact. United, which acquired about 7 million gallons of SAF last year, less than 0.2% of its total aviation fuel usage, offers customers the option of contributing $1 to $7 to a fund that supports SAF. The airline has raised about $700,000 from 200,000 passengers since the fund's introduction in 2023. United says it's invested most of this money into SAF startups, with the airline and its partners retaining the equity. All of the airlines say the customer funds will eventually be used to purchase additional SAF, beyond the small totals they use today. For passengers willing to take airlines at their word, it makes sense to consider these programs—particularly the costlier ones—to mitigate a small portion of their flight's environmental impact. Of course, the best way to avoid emissions is not to fly at all.
08
Deploy that Starbucks app
There's nothing worse than leaving yourself just enough time to buy a macchiato before your flight, only to discover a line of cranky, undercaffeinated travelers. Download the Starbucks app ahead of time and order before you go through security, so you can grab your customized coffee en route to the gate.
09
Never underestimate a flight attendant
Charley Locke
Part bartender, part nurse, part security guard—it's not easy to be a flight attendant. We talked to three recently retired airline veterans about their biggest pet peeves (and best stories) to help put their 147 years of combined wisdom in your hands.
Be an active listener
'When you're watching a movie, and you see me coming down the aisle with a 300-pound cart, take your headphones out before I get there, and let me ask you what you'd like. Tell me how you want your coffee—don't make me ask you six questions about whether you like it with cream and sugar and how much of each.'
Pat Sullivan worked 41 years as a flight attendant for Pan Am and Delta Air Lines Inc. Once, a couple asked her which bathroom was largest, for their mile-high-club plans.
Don't treat flight staff as your therapist
'If you're having a bad day, remember: I didn't choose your seat for you, or make the seats small and close together, or cater the flight. All the things you want to complain about—your experiences in the airport, or traffic, or a fight with your spouse—are not my fault. Don't make yourself miserable over an issue that the flight attendants can't control.'
Ginny Szeklicki worked 52 years as a flight attendant for American Airlines Group Inc. She misses the days when flying meant carving a roast in the aisle and placing fresh flowers on the credenza in first class.
Just because drinks are free doesn't mean you should drink to excess
'Sometimes you'll get a jerk in business class who just wants to keep on drinking, and that's not good. He'll say, 'I need another drink right now.' I'd just go into the galley, put my finger in the vodka, and put it around the edge of the glass, then fill the glass up with ice and tonic. He'd taste the vodka and, after a couple sips, fall right asleep.'
Kaye Sims worked for Eastern Airlines and American for 54 years, including 34 years as a flight attendant. She'll never forget the day a passenger died in the air.
10
Think twice before paying for Clear
Brody Ford, with Mary Schlangenstein
The company behind airport security line-cutting service Clear makes over $700 million in annual revenue, has a growth rate akin to a software company and is now worth more than airlines such as JetBlue and Frontier. How did a for-profit company become a de facto arm of US airport security—and can its grip on airports last?
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11
There's no such thing as TSA shame. They literally see it all
Charley Locke
Yes, it's embarrassing to imagine a stranger looking at an X-ray of your vibrator or sifting through your dirty socks to find the offending tube of toothpaste. But as long as it's not a security risk, the TSA genuinely doesn't care what's in your bag. 'The officers don't want to embarrass you, because that can be uncomfortable for both parties,' says Adam Hale, a former TSA agent who leads the customer service AskTSA program. 'We want to allow a person to go on their way.'
Some tips from the TSA team, based on very specific experiences:
Animals can escape
Triple-check that your cat didn't get into your carry-on bag. It's something Hale saw while manning the security camera.
Know your liquids
If you can spread it, pump it, spray it or pour it, then you can bring only 3.4 ounces of it in your carry-on. Yes, that includes peanut butter, toothpaste and your kid's slime.
Leave wrapping in the bag
Don't wrap gifts until you get to your destination. 'We might have to unwrap it,' says Emily Pieton-Bonilla, member of the TSA's social media team, who specifically cautions against packing toy guns and snow globes.
No fooling an X-ray
Trying to hide illicit materials is futile: An X-ray works through solids. 'Just this week alone, we had someone who put gun parts inside of a boot in a box of Legos,' says Pieton-Bonilla. 'Someone else traveled with crutches and snuck in meth. X-rays will see it all.'
12
Stop worrying if your airplane is unsafe
Charley Locke
A door may have blown off a Boeing 737 Max earlier this year, but 'in terms of actual risk, it makes no more sense to be afraid to fly than to be afraid to go into the supermarket because the ceiling might collapse,' says Arnold Barnett, who studies mathematical modeling of health and safety at the MIT Sloan School of Management. 'When the risk of something gets incredibly close to zero, maybe we're better off not worrying about it.'
Air travel has become much, much safer: In a recent paper, Barnett found the risk of dying on a commercial flight has dropped since the 1970s from 1 in 350,000 boardings to 1 in 13.7 million. But—for a host of reasons—this has been hard for people to accept.
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13
No socks, no service
This should go without saying, but there's no reason, ever, to take off your socks on a plane, especially since many flights offer you complimentary ones to wear in the cabin. And if basic hygiene isn't enough reason to keep those toes covered, there's always the threat of another passenger taking a picture and posting it online.
14
Don't get out of the points game, says the Points Guy
Claire Ballentine, photograph by Adrienne Grunwald
Brian Kelly, also known as the Points Guy, built a small empire out of working the system, so I shouldn't be surprised he's also an expert at gaming restaurant reservations. We were originally scheduled to meet at a quaint but tired eatery in Manhattan's West Village, but Kelly snagged a last-minute spot at the much trendier Torrisi in SoHo, thanks to the alerts he'd set up on his phone. It's all a sport for him, he admits, one that's somewhat of an addiction.
But now, years into the game, what is the state of points? They're more controversial than ever but, Kelly would argue, just as vital. In fact, he's doing something new: starting his own loyalty program.
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15
You can finally fly with (almost) no clothes
Supriya Singh
The grim environmental effects of flying were weighing on Miho Moriya. 'I love to travel but also felt guilty about using flights that produce CO2,' says the 40-year-old accountant based in Japan. So when her employer, Japanese trading house Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group Inc., held its annual entrepreneurship competition in 2019, she pitched an idea that could make a tiny dent: a clothing-rental service for travelers. Instead of flyers hauling luggage—the weight adding to a plane's carbon emissions—they could borrow clothes on the ground.
The idea became Any Wear, Anywhere, part of a venture between Sumitomo and Japan Airlines Co. Travelers arriving in Japan can now rent clothing for as little as $31 for up to two weeks, delivered to their hotel. The online service, more for the utilitarian-minded than the fashionista, rents sets—including perhaps three pairs of pants, three tops and a couple of jackets—all secondhand or sourced from overstock to keep with the eco-friendly vibe. It offers seven size options for adults and nine for children, with sweaters and jeans for winter and shorts and T-shirts for summer.
The service is currently available only in Japan, which happens to be enjoying a tourism boom. But traveling entirely suitcase-free is still just an aspiration: Shoes, underwear, PJs and toiletries aren't yet part of the pitch. Moriya, who left her job in accounting to help operate Any Wear, Anywhere as its project leader, says going green feels good, but traveling without carrying luggage is even better. 'My ultimate dream,' she says, 'is making it possible to travel anywhere in the world hands-free.'
16
Plan for chaos like an airline
Drake Bennett and Mary Schlangenstein, photograph by Matthew Johnson
Airlines try their best, but your flight is one of thousands they operate every day. You can plan better by being aware of the sort of things operations specialists like Jessica Tyler worry about. She's the head of American Airlines Group Inc.'s Integrated Operations Center, which makes decisions about how to deal with weather events, mechanical failures, staffing shortages and system outages. There's nothing you can do to anticipate an event on the scale of the CrowdStrike outage from July, but before a trip, research what's happening along your route—like if Air Force One will be touching down at your connecting airport, if the interterminal light-rail system is undergoing maintenance or if there's a Taylor Swift concert in town. Potential complications such as these, says Tyler, all factor into an airline's decision matrix. That means they all increase the odds that something goes awry.
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Travel Like an Early Adopter
Jeff Wise
Once the future of flying was all about going farther and faster. Now the big changes underway have to do with efficiency, connectivity and automation. Here's what the next decade has in store.
17
Give the Wi-Fi a try
Spotty, expensive Wi-Fi is a familiar part of modern air travel, but 'things are getting better,' says Seth Miller, an aviation industry analyst at PaxEx. Early providers such as GoGo were limited by their practice of connecting through ground stations. Viasat, Intelsat and Hughes Network Systems use geosynchronous satellites perched 23,000 miles overhead, allowing for connections that are speedy but not ideal for interactive applications. SpaceX's Starlink low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites are changing the game, because they let passengers do things like scroll TikTok online. United plans to offer free Starlink Wi-Fi in early 2025; Hawaiian Airlines is already offering the service on its Airbus jets. With rival OneWeb's LEO constellation also entering the fray, expect other airlines to follow. 'LEO is the new sexy,' Miller says.
18
Don't wait for air taxis
The German aviation startup Volocopter GmbH made an exciting announcement in June: Air taxis, each carrying one pilot and one passenger, would fly between five 'vertiports' around Paris during the Summer Olympics. It would be the world's first commercial deployment of electric vertical-takeoff-and-landing (eVTOL) craft. The service never happened, and Volocopter said it was facing potential insolvency. Two things are keeping the technology grounded: batteries that offer barely a half-hour of flight time per charge and passenger capacity limited by the need for human pilots. This should leave people rightly skeptical about the bold claims coming from the industry. Meanwhile, California eVTOL maker Joby Aviation Inc. says it'll offer passenger service at the 2028 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. Hmm.
19
Take a robotaxi to long-term parking
While autonomous vehicles slowly solve the challenge of operating on city streets, they face a less complicated task in the limited confines of airports. This year New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport began deploying autonomous, cube-shaped minibuses that ferry as many as eight passengers at a time between their cars and an AirTrain stop. Haneda Airport in Tokyo is introducing a self-driving bus service, and Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport in Atlanta has a $20 million pilot program to deploy self-driving pods that will whisk travelers around the airport starting in 2026. 'Airports are good test beds,' says Achille Fonzone, a professor of transport analysis at Edinburgh Napier University.
20
Know your weird planes
Planes once had all kinds of interesting variations: the 747's iconic bump, the triple engines of the L1011, the double decks of the A380. Now every airliner is basically a tube with two engines slung under the wings. It's efficient, a little boring and, design-wise, a dead end. With engines near their maximum theoretical thermodynamic efficiency, designers are racking their brains for approaches that could improve performance.
The Transonic Truss-Braced Wing
Boeing is exploring the concept of building planes with struts supporting each wing. Boeing says this design could reduce fuel burn by as much as 30%. If everything goes according to plan, the company could fly a prototype by the end of the decade, with production aircraft entering service in the 2030s.
The Blended Wing
A startup called JetZero is developing a triangle-shaped plane. It says its design, a tailless flying wing bulked out to provide space for passengers and crew, could cut fuel burn by 50%. The company hopes to have a prototype by 2027 and a production model in service by 2030.
21
Wave goodbye to copilots
Back in the 1970s it was common for large passenger planes to have three crew members in the cockpit: a captain, a copilot and a flight engineer. Advanced computers eventually brought the standard crew down to two. Now Airbus SE and Dassault Aviation SA are lobbying European regulators to approve 'Reduced Crew Operations' rules that will allow a single pilot to operate an airliner during the cruise phase of flight. In the US, airline executives have reportedly pushed Boeing to develop a plane that could be safely flown by a single pilot. Otjan de Brujin, president of Europe's largest pilots union, calls such plans a 'gamble with the safety of our 200 to 400 passengers.' Bolstering pilots' dread is that one-pilot cockpits could be a step toward zero.
22
Flying with kids demands patience, preparation and hard candy
Charley Locke
'Don't travel if you don't have to. That's my biggest piece of advice,' says Harvey Karp, inventor of the Snoo bassinet and universal baby whisperer. 'Let people come to you.' If you do need to travel with little kids, though, don't despair. Karp has other advice for you.
Let go of the usual rules
Maybe you're strict about screen time, or sugar. Toss whatever ideas you have about good or bad parenting when traveling. 'Thank God for those things that can be entertaining for children,' says Karp, whether that means an iPad or sweet treats.
Bring new toys and snacks, seeded throughout your carry-ons
'We're asking a lot from them, to enjoy these periods of boredom and being belted down,' says Karp, 'so we need to make special efforts to make sure they're entertained.' He suggests using novelty: Bring some tactile toys, like a Slinky or coloring supplies, that they'll spend some time with. And make sure you're packing them in different pockets and bags. 'If you keep them all in one place, they'll want to dump it all at once,' he says. 'You want to be a little surreptitious about it, so they discover it along the way.'
Pack an extra
'I recommend people have doubles of things like loveys and special blankets, because you always lose them on trips,' says Karp. He adds that you should rotate them, too: 'It's not just the object, but the feel and the smell of it, so they have an equal sense of being beloved and partnered.'
Hard candy is your friend
Sucking or chewing during takeoff and landing helps equalize the pressure in your child's ears (as well as your own).
If people give you the stink eye, shrug it off
'Don't take it too seriously about people being angry about your kid screaming on the flight,' says Karp. 'They'll benefit from you raising the next generation, so don't feel guilty.'
23
Beware the airline-owned resort
Mary Schlangenstein
The Blue Lime isn't serving guacamole tableside, and Shore Provisions no longer stocks fresh fruit and laundry detergent. On a weekend in late September, few guests roamed around a boutique, just off the sprawling lobby of the Sunseeker Resort, brimming with turquoise sunburst-logo hats and other branded resort wear. It's been less than a year since the $720 million, 785-room compound made its debut, but this resort is troubled—and has a kind of secret. Sunseeker is run by an airline company in a kind of experiment in synergy: What happens when an airline, in this case, Allegiant Air, goes into the hospitality business? The results have not been encouraging.
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24
Ditch your work midair
While you technically have hours to prepare that PowerPoint or do research for that RFP, the Wi-Fi is often so bad it's sort of the perfect out. Why not just embrace the refuge of a liminal space and enjoy the soft confines of a bad rom-com?
25
Bring your falcon. Just don't call it an emotional support animal
Qatar Airways has a limit of six uncaged falcons per economy cabin—they just have to be hooded and chained. As for dogs and cats, most US airlines now consider emotional support animals as simply pets. Truffle or Miso will have to go in a carrier under your seat; only service dogs are free to cuddle by your feet.
26
Climb out of points paralysis with these apps
Ramsey Qubein
Finance apps have grown in popularity to the point where, according to an August survey, 8 in 10 Americans now use them. But how many of them use apps to be more savvy about how they manage travel points and flight miles? 'We often see travelers gloat about how they've accumulated points and miles as if they were assets like their savings account balances or investment portfolios,' says Sally French, a travel expert at the personal finance site NerdWallet. 'Yet unlike the latter two things, point portfolios don't earn interest or have the potential to grow in value over time.'
Luckily, there are plenty of websites and mobile apps that can help. We've gathered some of the best free and paid online tools to make the travel booking process a little less painful—and a lot less expensive.
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27
Resist duty-free
When was the last time you had to have a pair of Ray-Bans or a giant bottle of Malibu rum while running to your gate? Never. Unless you really need multiple cartons of cigarettes (and nobody does), keep it pushing.
28
Lounge like a CEO
Kate Krader
If anyone's experienced the highs and lows of airport lounges, it's the executive class. We asked these road warriors about their favorites from around the world—from the novel to the luxe. Interviews have been edited for clarity and length.
'The Ethiopian Airlines Addis Ababa lounge is absolutely stunning both in terms of its luxury and its cultural touches.' Along with 'massage rooms, luxurious shower rooms and delicious Ethiopian food,' as you walk in 'there is a coffee ceremony area where you can learn about the history of coffee in Ethiopia and sample a few cups.' —Lisa Curtis, founder of climate-smart superfood company Kuli Kuli Foods
At the Frankfurt Lufthansa lounge, 'you're sipping on some of the finest Champagne while deciding whether to dive into a gourmet meal from the full-service restaurant—trust me, it's more of a 'dining experience' than 'airport food.' And just when you think it couldn't get any better, they whisk you away in a private car to your plane when it's time to board.' —Daniel Winer, co-founder and CEO of HexClad Cookware
The Milwaukee Delta Sky Club serves 'local favorites like bratwurst, cheese curds and New Glarus Spotted Cow farmhouse ale. If you know, you know.' —Brad Olson, CEO of medical-care concierge service Sollis Health
The best is 'without a doubt, the Pier in the Hong Kong International airport from Cathay Pacific. Not only do they have the best noodle bar in the airport lounge game, but I also love their showers. I have taken more showers there than I like to admit, but there is nothing like taking a hot shower before that long flight back to NYC.' —Aaron Luo, CEO of leisure bag company Caraa
29
For plus-size travelers, SeatGuru is your friend
Charley Locke
'As a plus-size traveler, the first thing I recommend is preparing,' says Jae'lynn Chaney, an activist for travelers of size and those with disabilities. Start by researching the airline: Do they allow customers to book multiple seats at the cost of one, when needed? Is there a 'customer of size' policy, like reimbursement for a second or third seat if there are unbooked seats at takeoff? (If so, do other travelers say you have to hassle the airline to get reimbursed?) 'A lot of airlines don't have information online, which is something that I advocate for, so sometimes you have to make a phone call or two to get the answers,' Chaney says.
Beyond the airline, she recommends looking at seat maps on SeatGuru, which breaks down the model of plane, so you can choose based on accessibility, like a handicap-accessible bathroom. Generally, she recommends a seat toward the front and middle of the plane for those needing more space for a more comfortable exit.
Give yourself plenty of time, too. Chaney says to book your seat in advance and get on the plane before the crush of general boarding. 'I highly recommend preboarding, which allows me to get to my seat and ask for a seat belt extender,' says Chaney, who also makes sure to pack a travel pillow and compression socks. And no matter the specifics of the flight, don't skimp on the things you legally deserve, like that seat belt extender and being treated with courtesy. 'Advocating for yourself is incredibly important,' Chaney says. 'It doesn't matter what size you are, you deserve to travel safely and comfortably.'
30
Checking your bag is almost always worth it
The question of whether to check or not to check is really a referendum on what's more important: the comfort you feel moving unencumbered through the airport—even if it's a hassle to retrieve later—or the security of keeping your luggage close and not losing it. We say live in the now. Check that bag.
31
It's not a slumber party. Dress accordingly
First came the tracksuits, then Juicy Couture, then Lululemon. We understand the seduction of athleisure and joggers, but please draw the line at arriving at the airport wearing your neck pillow and slippers.
32
Airplane mode isn't just for your phone
Let's be honest—air travel wasn't built for type A personalities. It seems almost by design that you aren't in control of any part of the flying experience. The best approach is just to strive for radical acceptance: Strap in, sit back and enjoy the ride.
Editors: Danielle Sacks, Reyhan Harmanci, Rebecca Greenfield
Art Director: Jordi Ng
Photo Editor: Donna Cohen
Producer: Eugene Reznik
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