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World Environment Day: Trees to plant and preserve
Aditi Kapoor believes that Bharat's fate will decide India's trajectory. And women will have to be given their due. This belief guided her through her years of journalism at The Times of India. Her work with UN agencies and international NGOs has seen her lobby and campaign on public policy in India and at international forums. For Aditi, who won the Statesman Award for Rural Reporting for her investigative stories on child labour in the carpet industry, inclusive development means giving more than just purchasing power to the "bottom of the pyramid". "Changing Frames" looks at what's happening around you -- from the lens of the less fortunate. LESS ... MORE
Trees for survival is a ubiquitous cry every 5th June, the World Environment Day. The focus, however, is mostly on planting new trees while in reality, thousands of existing trees, even mature ones, are sacrificed to develop the much-required infrastructure. It is possible to save these trees via robust transplantation. In a growing economy, World Environment Days can well celebrate the survival rates of transplanted trees because these established trees grow faster and have larger canopies than planted seedlings.
The importance given to growing trees is not surprising. Trees absorb carbon dioxide and give oxygen, regulate local temperatures and recharge groundwater table – contributing immensely to climate resilience. Trees improve air quality and help mitigate disasters such as soil erosion, landslides and cyclones. Trees also provide habitat, shade, food, fodder and income-generation products, especially to the more economically poor men and women. While new trees take between three to ten years to provide tangible benefits, mature trees, if successfully transplanted, sequester more carbon, filter more pollutants, provide more oxygen, better groundwater recharge and more protection from extreme weather events.
Where there is a shortage of land, as in road widening in cities and while building expressways, mature trees can be moved 1-2 metres back. Dead and dried trees, which emit more carbon dioxide, can be replaced with mature trees. Trees uprooted due to natural calamities can be revived. Crooked trees can be straightened early on so that later they don't have to be cut for threatening to fall on a building or a passing high vehicle. These activities are successfully being undertaken in countries like Japan and Singapore among others.
Transplanting trees has become common in India, often part of most large infrastructure development plans, including road-laying. The Delhi Tree Transplantation Policy 2020, for instance, mandates a high 80% survival rate for transplanted trees. Yet, despite third party audits, mortality rates of transplanted trees continue to be very high. For example, the survival rate of transplanted trees in the Central Vista project, New Delhi, is only about 30 per cent; it is less than 40% in the Delhi Metro project; and only 37% in the Dwarka Expressway project. In Mumbai, the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India audit report shows a survival rate of 54% for the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation.
Perhaps one of the major reasons for this poor performance is making professional tree transplantation part of the overall building contract. Contractors tend to cut corners by prioritising immediate costs to proven quality assurance. Tree transplantation is a costly, labour intensive, complex, scientific and caring business, best left to professionals who repeatedly show success.
There is a need to develop a sound scientific approach and know-how for transplanting trees. It needs to be part of university curricula and skill-building courses. Our future survival lies in not just planting more trees – which is required – but also in preserving and protecting the trees we have.
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Views expressed above are the author's own.
