Latest news with #HMPV
Yahoo
3 days ago
- Health
- Yahoo
Measles Is Now Showing Up in Wastewater
Credit - Getty Images Measles cases in the U.S. have been rare in recent decades, thanks to a strong childhood vaccination program. But a few cases inevitably pop up each year as travelers bring the virus in from other countries and infect unvaccinated people, primarily children. Those cases are no longer blips. Now that the measles vaccination rate is dropping precipitously across the U.S.—due in part to anti-vaccine sentiments—cases are rising. So far in 2025, 14 outbreaks have been reported in 33 states, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (By comparison, in 2024, there were just 16 outbreaks reported during the entire year.) Scientists may now have a new way to catch cases. For the first time, researchers have posted national information on where the measles virus is showing up in wastewater. Wastewater surveillance is a useful public-health tool because it provides an objective glimpse into where a given virus is causing infections—often before traditional testing methods. For viruses like measles, which infected people shed in urine, feces, or saliva, it can provide a critical heads-up for health officials. 'It gives us a finger-to-the-wind weather map of what is happening with infectious diseases,' says Dr. Marlene Wolf, assistant professor at Emory and principal investigator and co-program director of WastewaterSCAN, an academic and commercial group that includes researchers from Stanford University, Emory University, and Verily (which is Alphabet Inc.'s research organization). Here's what wastewater is revealing about measles in the U.S. WastewaterSCAN began testing sewage in the U.S. for the COVID-19 virus in 2020 and has since added other disease-causing microbes including influenza, RSV, human metapneumovirus (HMPV), norovirus, enterovirus, mpox, Candida auris, and hepatitis A. This spring, the scientists began developing a test for picking up signs of the active or "wild type" measles virus that is causing outbreaks in the U.S. The test uses samples from nearly 150 sewage sites across the country and can pick up signs of measles within 48 hours. Read More: What to Know About the New COVID-19 Variant NB.1.8.1 So far, they have detected it in three sites: one day in Hollywood, Md.; four days toward the end of May in Sacramento; and twice in mid-May in Stamford, Conn. WastewaterSCAN is only one such wastewater surveillance network in the country, though it's the first to test for measles on a national level. The CDC launched its National Wastewater Surveillance System in 2020 and includes more than 1,400 sites that cover 150 million Americans. Some state health departments—including in Texas, where the current measles outbreaks began—also test wastewater samples. WastewaterSCAN collaborates with the CDC, but the CDC does not yet test for measles in wastewater. Doctors who see patients with measles must report the case to the CDC so the agency can track it and respond to any outbreaks. But it takes time for people to develop symptoms, seek medical care, get tested, and then have their case reported if the test is positive. In addition, the first symptoms of measles are common ones like fever, runny nose, and cough—before the telltale rash appears. Plus, not everyone may get sick enough to know they have measles, so their cases may go unreported. Still others may get sick but not have access to health care and therefore never seek medical help. Read More: Measles Vaccination Rates Are Plummeting Across the U.S. Wastewater monitoring bypasses those hurdles and can theoretically catch evidence of the virus much earlier. That could be especially helpful with a highly contagious disease like measles, in which one infected person can quickly spread the virus to as many as 18 others. 'This is anonymous testing that combines everyone in a community,' says Wolfe. 'And for measles, it's likely that shedding [of the virus] into wastewater is happening before people necessarily recognize what they have.' This type of tracking for measles is too new to know yet whether it can detect cases in a region before people start testing positive, Wolfe says. But wastewater surveillance was able to pick up signs of the COVID-19 virus days or sometimes even weeks before cases began appearing in hospitals and testing labs. Over time, as more data are collected on measles, health experts can begin to look for trends and patterns, such as increases in the number of positive samples. That could help public-health departments focus resources like vaccines in areas where infections are spreading. If the number of positive samples start to decline, that information could also give them a heads up when infections are under control. Getting vaccinated is the best way to protect yourself against measles infection, and the immunization provides close to lifelong immunity. Making sure that anyone who is eligible is up to date on their measles vaccines can help them avoid infection. Contact us at letters@
Time Magazine
3 days ago
- Health
- Time Magazine
Measles Is Now Showing Up in Wastewater
Measles cases in the U.S. have been rare in recent decades, thanks to a strong childhood vaccination program. But a few cases inevitably pop up each year as travelers bring the virus in from other countries and infect unvaccinated people, primarily children. Those cases are no longer blips. Now that the measles vaccination rate is dropping precipitously across the U.S.—due in part to anti-vaccine sentiments—cases are rising. So far in 2025, 14 outbreaks have been reported in 33 states, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (By comparison, in 2024, there were just 16 outbreaks reported during the entire year.) Scientists may now have a new way to catch cases. For the first time, researchers have posted national information on where the measles virus is showing up in wastewater. Wastewater surveillance is a useful public-health tool because it provides an objective glimpse into where a given virus is causing infections—often before traditional testing methods. For viruses like measles, which infected people shed in urine, feces, or saliva, it can provide a critical heads-up for health officials. 'It gives us a finger-to-the-wind weather map of what is happening with infectious diseases,' says Dr. Marlene Wolf, assistant professor at Emory and principal investigator and co-program director of WastewaterSCAN, an academic and commercial group that includes researchers from Stanford University, Emory University, and Verily (which is Alphabet Inc.'s research organization). Here's what wastewater is revealing about measles in the U.S. Adding measles to the menu of wastewater tests WastewaterSCAN began testing sewage in the U.S. for the COVID-19 virus in 2020 and has since added other disease-causing microbes including influenza, RSV, human metapneumovirus (HMPV), norovirus, enterovirus, mpox, Candida auris, and hepatitis A. This spring, the scientists began developing a test for picking up signs of the active or "wild type" measles virus that is causing outbreaks in the U.S. The test uses samples from nearly 150 sewage sites across the country and can pick up signs of measles within 48 hours. So far, they have detected it in three sites: one day in Hollywood, Md.; four days toward the end of May in Sacramento; and twice in mid-May in Stamford, Conn. WastewaterSCAN is only one such wastewater surveillance network in the country, though it's the first to test for measles on a national level. The CDC launched its National Wastewater Surveillance System in 2020 and includes more than 1,400 sites that cover 150 million Americans. Some state health departments—including in Texas, where the current measles outbreaks began—also test wastewater samples. WastewaterSCAN collaborates with the CDC, but the CDC does not yet test for measles in wastewater. Why wastewater monitoring may be especially useful for measles Doctors who see patients with measles must report the case to the CDC so the agency can track it and respond to any outbreaks. But it takes time for people to develop symptoms, seek medical care, get tested, and then have their case reported if the test is positive. In addition, the first symptoms of measles are common ones like fever, runny nose, and cough—before the telltale rash appears. Plus, not everyone may get sick enough to know they have measles, so their cases may go unreported. Still others may get sick but not have access to health care and therefore never seek medical help. Wastewater monitoring bypasses those hurdles and can theoretically catch evidence of the virus much earlier. That could be especially helpful with a highly contagious disease like measles, in which one infected person can quickly spread the virus to as many as 18 others. 'This is anonymous testing that combines everyone in a community,' says Wolfe. 'And for measles, it's likely that shedding [of the virus] into wastewater is happening before people necessarily recognize what they have.' How wastewater data can help health officials This type of tracking for measles is too new to know yet whether it can detect cases in a region before people start testing positive, Wolfe says. But wastewater surveillance was able to pick up signs of the COVID-19 virus days or sometimes even weeks before cases began appearing in hospitals and testing labs. Over time, as more data are collected on measles, health experts can begin to look for trends and patterns, such as increases in the number of positive samples. That could help public-health departments focus resources like vaccines in areas where infections are spreading. If the number of positive samples start to decline, that information could also give them a heads up when infections are under control. What to do if cases are detected near you Getting vaccinated is the best way to protect yourself against measles infection, and the immunization provides close to lifelong immunity. Making sure that anyone who is eligible is up to date on their measles vaccines can help them avoid infection.
Sinar Daily
25-05-2025
- Health
- Sinar Daily
How preventive measures can shield vulnerable heart patients from serious HMPV complications
Prevention through hygiene, lifestyle, and routine immunisations becomes critical for those with heart disease. By DANIAL HAKIM 17 May 2025 09:00am While there is currently no specific vaccine for HMPV, maintaining up-to-date vaccinations for influenza and pneumococcal diseases is crucial. Photo: Canva AS Malaysia experiences a notable rise in Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) cases, with a 45 per cent increase reported in 2024 compared to the previous year of 2023, individuals with pre-existing heart conditions face heightened risks. Sri Kota Specialist Medical Centre Consultant Cardiologist and Physician Dr G.S. Sridhar emphasises the importance of preventive measures to protect this vulnerable group from severe respiratory complications. As a general definition, Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus that typically causes symptoms akin to the common cold and flu. While most infections are mild in nature, HMPV can lead to serious respiratory illnesses such as bronchitis or pneumonia, especially in high-risk groups including young children, the elderly, and individuals with underlying health conditions like heart disease. "Individuals with conditions such as hypertension or heart failure can reduce their risk of contracting respiratory viruses like HMPV by adopting several practical measures." Dr Sridhar noted. Consultant Cardiologist and Physician Dr G.S. Sridhar emphasizes the importance of preventive measures to protect this vulnerable group from severe respiratory complications. These practical measures include frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with the unwell, wearing masks in crowded settings, and ensuring good indoor ventilation. Alternatively, while there is currently no specific vaccine for HMPV, maintaining up-to-date vaccinations for influenza and pneumococcal diseases is crucial. "Receiving the annual flu shot is essential, as influenza can significantly worsen existing heart conditions. "It is also important to get the Covid-19 vaccine and booster doses if eligible, as Covid-19 has been shown to affect cardiovascular health," Dr Sridhar said. The Role of Lifestyle in Prevention A robust cardiovascular system enhances the body's ability to combat infections and ensures better prospects of warding off viruses such as HMPV, a sentiment championed by Dr Sridhar as he emphasised the significance of a healthy lifestyle. "A strong cardiovascular system is better equipped to handle infections, making overall heart health a key factor in reducing complications from illnesses like HMPV." He recommends a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains, coupled with regular exercise, stress management, and adequate sleep. Adhering to prescribed medications for heart conditions is also vital in mitigating risks. Practical measures to prevent contracting HMPV include frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with the unwell, wearing masks in crowded settings, and ensuring good indoor ventilation. Photo: Canva The Healthy Ministry in a previous statement also urges the public to remain vigilant and practice preventive measures which include frequent handwashing, wearing masks in crowded areas, and practicing proper cough etiquette. "The public is advised to proactively take care of their health and prevent infection to others, especially in enclosed and crowded areas. 'This includes those planning to travel to countries at risk.' the Ministry stated. With the rising incidence of HMPV in Malaysia, it's imperative for individuals, especially those with heart conditions, to adopt comprehensive preventive measures. Through vigilant hygiene practices, staying current with vaccinations, and maintaining a heart-healthy lifestyle, the risks associated with HMPV can be significantly reduced.
Sinar Daily
20-05-2025
- Health
- Sinar Daily
10 ways to protect your heart during a viral outbreak
Support your cardiovascular health when viruses are spreading. By DANIAL HAKIM 17 May 2025 11:01am Masks, hand hygiene, and physical distancing remain essential tools in avoiding infection, especially in crowded indoor settings where bacterial infections and airborne viruses may run rampant. Photo illustrated by Sinar Daily. WHEN a respiratory virus like Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) spreads, many inadvertently only focus on coughs, fevers, and congestion — but your heart might be quietly at risk too. Viruses don't just affect your lungs; they can also stress your cardiovascular system, especially if you already live with heart disease, hypertension, or diabetes. Fortunately, a few practical steps can go a long way in protecting your heart health during viral help navigate these health threats during a viral outbreak, Dr G.S. Sridhar, a Consultant Cardiologist and Physician from Sri Kota Specialist Medical Centre , offers essential advice for protecting your heart both individually and at the community level. Here are 10 ways you can take proactive steps to support your cardiovascular health when viruses are spreading. Dr G.S. Sridhar, a leading voice in cardiology and public health, offers essential advice for protecting your heart both individually and at the community level. Stay Up to Date with Vaccinations Vaccines against viruses like influenza, pneumonia don't just help prevent infection — they also reduce the risk of virus-triggered cardiac you're in a high-risk group, staying current with your shots can prevent serious complications that can burden the heart and simultaneously avoid risk of respiratory infections such as HMPV that currently have no specific vaccine a broader-level, Dr Sridhar also highlights the importance of accessible healthcare for the citizens, particularly during a viral outbreak.'Ensuring increased access to free or affordable flu and pneumonia vaccines, especially for high-risk populations, is also crucial.' he stated. If you're in a high-risk group, staying current with your shots can prevent serious complications that can burden the heart and simultaneously avoid risk of respiratory infections such as HMPV that currently have no specific vaccine available. Photo illustrated by Sinar Daily. Manage Pre-Existing Conditions Diligently Chronic issues like hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol can escalate your risk of severe outcomes during check-ups, medication adherence, and lifestyle changes are key to keeping these conditions under control, especially when your immune system is under attack. Eat a Heart-Healthy Diet As the saying goes, 'You are what you eat,' and with that, fuel your body with nutrient-dense foods that support immunity and cardiovascular function. Focus on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and heart-healthy fats like those found in fish, nuts, and olive cut down on salt and processed foods to avoid increasing blood pressure and inflammation. Exercise Regularly — Even Indoors Physical activity helps lower blood pressure, strengthen the heart, and enhance immune function in order to fully prepare for any impending viral don't need a gym — bodyweight workouts, yoga, or even household chores can keep you moving. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity each week. Prioritise Sleep and Stress Management Poor sleep and constant stress can also lead to weakened immune systems and contribute to inflammation, increasing strain on your is advised to prioritise rest by keeping a consistent sleep schedule and managing anxiety through relaxation techniques like breathing exercises, meditation or journaling. Avoid Smoking and Limit Alcohol Intake Smoking inflames blood vessels and impairs lung function, compounding the risks during respiratory infections. Alcohol, especially in excess, can raise blood pressure and disrupt heart rhythm. Cutting down on both improves heart and lung resilience, making sure it is ready to ward off respiratory viruses. A heart-healthy diet goes a long way in keeping healthy against heart viruses. Focus on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and heart-healthy fats like those found in fish, nuts, and olive oil. Photo illustrated by Sinar Daily. Stay Hydrated and Nourished Don't underestimate the power of proper hydration and regular meals. Water is essentially the lifeblood of the human body, supporting each and every organ system, including your heart.'Stay hydrated, get enough rest, and maintain good nutrition, all of which are key in preventing further complications,' Dr Sridhar meals or relying on sugary or processed snacks, while also drinking carbonated drinks instead of clean water can spike blood sugar and blood pressure — both of which can worsen heart issues during an illness. Water is essentially the lifeblood of the human body, supporting each and every organ system, including your heart. Photo illustrated by Sinar Daily. Monitor Symptoms Early and Don't Delay Care If you or a loved one experience chest pain, unusual fatigue, or shortness of breath, it is advised to seek medical help infections can sometimes trigger inflammation of the heart muscle, known as myocarditis, or lead to heart failure. Early medical intervention could very well save your life. Minimise Exposure to Viruses Masks, hand hygiene, and physical distancing remain essential tools in avoiding infection, especially in crowded indoor settings where bacterial infections and airborne viruses may run rampant.'Avoid exposure by wearing a mask, maintaining physical distance, and practicing good hygiene,' Dr Sridhar small habits can make a big impact in minimising risk to exposure, particularly if you, loved ones, or acquaintances are immunocompromised. Keep in Touch With Your Doctor Don't skip appointments or delay follow-ups — even if they're virtual. Continue your prescribed medications, and let your doctor know if you notice new or worsening symptoms.'Continue your cardiac medications and do not delay any necessary care,' Dr Sridhar reminded. A viral outbreak doesn't have to become a cardiac emergency — but awareness and action are critical. By staying proactive and following medical advice, you can help protect both your heart and the well-being of your entire community. More Like This
Sinar Daily
20-05-2025
- Health
- Sinar Daily
How a respiratory virus could trigger heart failure: What you should know about HMPV
OFTEN mistaken for the common cold, Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is gaining attention from cardiologists for its hidden danger — especially to those with pre-existing heart conditions. Sri Kota Specialist Medical Centre Consultant Cardiologist and Physician Dr. G.S. Sridhar explains how this respiratory virus can quietly strain the cardiovascular system and even trigger life-threatening complications in vulnerable individuals. Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus known to cause both upper and lower respiratory tract infections. While it usually results in mild cold-like symptoms in healthy adults, the virus poses a more serious risk to high-risk groups such as the elderly, young children, and individuals with chronic health issues — particularly those with cardiovascular disease. 'Respiratory infections can reduce oxygen levels, increase inflammation, and strain the cardiovascular system, potentially worsening heart disease or triggering serious complications like heart failure or arrhythmias,' Dr Sridhar said. According to the Health Ministry, Malaysia saw 327 cases of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infections in 2024, a 45 per cent rise from the 225 cases in 2023. HMPV is a relatively recent discovery in human respiratory viruses and, like Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), can cause conditions ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe bronchiolitis. Consultant Cardiologist and Physician Dr. G.S. Sridhar explains how this respiratory virus can quietly strain the cardiovascular system and even trigger life-threatening complications in vulnerable individuals. How The Immune System's Response Can Strain The Heart =When someone contracts a virus like HMPV, the body responds by activating its immune defenses. This response involves the release of cytokines, proteins that initiate inflammation to help eliminate the virus. But in some cases, particularly for people with pre-existing heart conditions, the inflammation becomes excessive and places stress on the heart. 'This inflammation causes the heart to work harder, which can be risky for older adults or people with existing heart conditions like high blood pressure, heart disease, or blocked arteries,' Dr Sridhar said. This strain intensifies during fever or tachycardia, a condition that causes irregular rapid heartbeat, where the heart's demand for oxygen increases. At the same time, the body undergoes vasoconstriction, otherwise described as the tightening of blood vessels, and fluid shifts, making it more difficult for the heart to function efficiently. These conditions can overwhelm an already compromised cardiovascular system, increasing the risk of acute decompensation, heart failure, or other severe events. 'The same inflammation can also disturb plaque buildup in the arteries — a dangerous event that could lead to a heart attack,' he added. Common Heart Complications From HMPV and How Quickly They Can Escalate Although many patients recover from respiratory infections without lasting issues, Dr Sridhar cautioned that some individuals may develop serious cardiac complications — and symptoms can worsen and progress very quickly, often within just days of infection. According to him, the most common heart-related complications following a respiratory virus like HMPV include: "Heart failure, where the heart can't pump blood as well as it should. Arrhythmias, irregular heartbeats that can be dangerous if not treated. Finally, Myocarditis, inflammation of the heart muscle, often caused by the virus itself or the immune response to it." Dr. Sridhar stated. Alternatively, another serious risk is acute coronary syndrome (ACS), which includes conditions like heart attacks. A landmark study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that patients were six times more likely to suffer a heart attack in the week following a respiratory viral infection like influenza. Though HMPV is newer to medical research, similar risks are under close investigation. This sentiment is echoed by cardiologist Dr V. Corrales-Medina, who noted in a medical journal published in 2013: 'An infection can act as a trigger that sets off a chain reaction in the body, leading to heart problems that otherwise might not have surfaced.' HMPV is a relatively recent discovery in human respiratory viruses and, like Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), can cause conditions ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe bronchiolitis. Photo: Canva Importance of Early Detection and Awareness Given how fast heart-related complications can appear, Dr Sridhar advised people — especially older adults and those with chronic heart disease — to take any signs of chest discomfort, shortness of breath, or unusual fatigue during or after a respiratory infection seriously. "What makes this more concerning is how quickly symptoms can appear and worsen. 'Delaying care increases the risk of permanent heart damage or even sudden death,' he warned. Even as HMPV continues to fly under the radar compared to viruses like Covid-19 or influenza, its potential cardiovascular effects make it a threat that should not be ignored — particularly by those already living with heart disease. As more respiratory viruses emerge or re-emerge, the line between lung and heart health becomes increasingly blurred. The case of HMPV underlines the importance of proactive healthcare, especially for those in vulnerable groups. In light of the concerning rise of HMPV, it is advised by many health experts such as Dr Sridhar, to go for regular health screenings, vaccination where applicable, and immediate medical attention when symptoms arise as critical strategies for protecting heart health during respiratory illness seasons.
