03-05-2025
What Is ‘Italian Brain Rot'? The Surreal TikTok Obsession, Explained
Ballerina Cappuccina, one of the breakout stars from the Italian brain rot trend.
What happens when fantastical AI-generated animals meet a cartoonish Italian accent? Say hello to 'Italian brain rot,' a wild mashup of artificial intelligence and absurdist humor now flooding social media.
Brain rot, of course, describes the supposed deterioration of one's mental or intellectual capacity caused by spending excessive time consuming trivial or unchallenging content. It's such a familiar phenomenon in our internet-saturated lives that Oxford University Press named 'brain rot' its 2024 word of the year (though it's often written as two).
So how does brain rot become Italian exactly? TikTok is answering that question with a meme that involves a growing cast of surreal AI-generated characters — animals fused with other creatures or inanimate objects and given rhyming, Italian-sounding names uttered in an exaggerated male text-to-speech voice alongside a random and usually nonsensical phrase. Some of the names draw from real Italian, while others simply mimic the rhythm of the language.
Among the better-known characters are Ballerina Cappuccina, a tutu-wearing dancer with a coffee drink for a head; Lirili Larila, an elephant covered in cactus needles traipsing through the desert in Birkenstock-style sandals; Tralalero Tralala, a three-legged shark wearing blue Nike sneakers; and Trippi Troppi, a cat-fish hybrid.
The trend underscores both the high absurdity potential of AI-generated images and videos, and the internet's enduring affinity for ridiculous rabbit holes (or should I say bucoconiglios ridiclio?).
Italian brain rot has become something of its own universe. TikTok is currently full of videos ranking characters, quizzes testing knowledge of them (and people bragging about their fluency), original songs and fan fiction where the creations meet, fall in love and have babies.
In the clip below, for instance, Ballerina Cappuccina looks pretty smitten with Tung Tung Tung Sahur, an anthropomorphized wooden creature holding a bat who originated in Indonesia, because the trend has gone international. Mexican brain rot characters have joined the mix, as have culturally specific counterparts from France, Germany and beyond.
The Italian brain rot meme appears to date back to January, but it's grown into a full-fledged phenomenon spawning new posts daily. Nearly 77,000 TikTok videos have been tagged #italianbrainrot, with some racking up tens of thousands, and even millions, of views.
Freddy Tran Nager, a clinical associate professor of communications at the University of Southern California's Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, calls Italian brain rot the ''I Can Has Cheezburger' of the AI generation' — a reference to the wildly popular meme of nearly two decades ago featuring cats with that amusingly nonsensical caption, which also spawned a social humor site of the same name.
'It's absurdist escapism for social media users, especially young Americans, overwhelmed by stressful news, a frustrating job market and new fears — deportation, measles, global warming disasters,' Nager said in an interview.
TikTok did not immediately respond to a request for comment on the trend, which has even caught the attention of brands such as Samsung Belgium and Ryanair, an airline group based in Ireland. Both posted videos inspired by the Italian brain rot universe, which has spilled over from digital creations into hand-drawn characters, Lego builds and tattoos.
'Italian brain rot is ridiculous, and that's the point,' said Francesco De Nittis, manager at marketing agency Human Centric Group and author of a blog post on brands' use of the meme. 'Gen Z loves content that feels spontaneous, surreal and made for instant consumption.'
But for all its creative energy, the Italian brain rot universe has stirred complaints of offensive content. For example, Tralalero Tralala the shark comes with a phrase that incorporates both 'allah,' the Arabic word for god, and 'porco,' an Italian word for pig. This has angered some in the Muslim community and led pleas not to repeat the words and apologies from people who insist they had no idea what they were saying when sharing Trocolero Tralala content.
'No one will claim responsibility for the perceived Islamophobia — some say it's just an inadvertent coincidence stemming from absurdity,' Nager said. 'But it's not unusual for memes to be appropriated by extremist groups, such as Pepe the Frog being adopted by white nationalists.'
Created as an innocent character in 2008, Pepe mutated into a symbol of hate seven years later, serving as a stark reminder of how dramatically memes can morph as they spread around social media, and how fast popular playful images can assume darker meanings.
But while there's no telling where Italian brain rot will meander next, for now it remains a swirl of AI silliness and faux-Italian flair that's less politics and meme warfare and more about the internet's boundless appetite for weirdness. Just ask Ballerina Cappuccina, who's blissfully pirouetting through the chaos.
