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Yahoo
5 days ago
- Automotive
- Yahoo
Analysis-The world's auto supply chain is in the hands of a few Chinese bureaucrats
(Adds story tag) By Laurie Chen and Lewis Jackson BEIJING (Reuters) - In a hulking grey building just east of Tiananmen square in Beijing, a small team in China's Ministry of Commerce is deciding the fate of the global auto industry, one rare earth magnet export permit at a time. China holds a near-monopoly on rare earth magnets - a crucial component in electric vehicle motors - and it added them to an export control list in April as part of its trade war with the United States, forcing all exporters to apply to Beijing for licenses. It falls to the Bureau of Industrial Security and Import and Export Control - which is part of China's Ministry of Commerce - to review export permits for the rare earth magnets, which are vital for car motors, wind turbines and even U.S. F-35 fighter jets. While dozens of licences have been issued since late April, executives, lobbyists and diplomats say they are only a small fraction of the applications that have flooded in from automakers, semiconductor companies and aerospace firms around the world since the tougher export controls were introduced. Washington says delays in issuing export licences show China is reneging on commitments made during trade talks in Geneva last month and it has retaliated with export curbs on plane engine parts and other equipment. U.S. President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping held talks by phone on Thursday as the escalating dispute over China's rare earth stranglehold threatened to derail the fragile trade truce agreed between the two superpowers. When the new rare earth magnet measures came in, the export control bureau had a total of just 30 staff, though this has since been doubled to around 60, according to two sources who were briefed on a meeting between the ministry and Chinese and European semiconductor firms last week. "We appreciate that MOFCOM has increased its resources to address demand and they're working hard and long hours on these issues," said Adam Dunnett, Secretary General of the European Chamber of Commerce in China, referring to the ministry. "But the reality is this is having a huge impact on a wide variety of sectors. It's something that could have been better planned and rolled out," he said. According to personnel records posted to the Ministry of Commerce's website in June 2024, there are only three senior officials within the bureau who can approve the export permits. The ministry's website lists the export licence bureau's office hours as: Weekdays, 8:30-11:30 a.m., 14:00-17:00 p.m. Reuters was unable to determine current staffing levels or whether more officials are now able to approve applications. The Ministry of Commerce did not respond to questions from Reuters on this subject. CHOKEPOINT The global alarm over shortages underscores the enormous leverage China has acquired through its near-monopoly on rare earth production. It also reveals a complex bureaucratic process that has gone from checkpoint to chokepoint. "The process for our suppliers to apply for export licences for various rare earths ... since April, is complex and time-consuming, partly due to the need to collect and provide a lot of information," a spokesperson for Bosch, the German engineering and technology multinational, said last month. A Chinese-language guide to the process published by the Ministry in late March runs to almost 14,000 Mandarin characters. European auto suppliers alone have filed hundreds of requests since early April, with only about a quarter granted. These applications can range from dozens to hundreds of pages, according to sources who have either filed requests or been briefed about them. Public Ministry of Commerce guidelines require information including technical product descriptions, signed contracts. Descriptions of production facilities and photos of products are also encouraged. China's stated aim is to ensure dual-use items don't end up in military equipment, but officials are often overly cautious even though many applications clearly state commercial use, Dunnett said. "Another concern we have heard from some companies is that they are being asked for sensitive and excessive information that is part of their intellectual property which has led to delays in their applications," Dunnett added. While applications are meant to be processed in 45 working days, the ministry says applications related to national security will take longer, without defining how long. 'STRATEGIC EXCUSE' Cory Combs, head of critical mineral and supply chain research at Trivium China, a policy research group, said it was not clear whether the delays were due to bureaucratic inertia or intentional weaponisation. "We do expect these applications to U.S. end-users to be reviewed on par with other countries and approved whenever they're not for military use," he said. "The issue here is that, is it quick enough for the Trump administration to believe that Beijing has not reneged on the Geneva agreement?" Some U.S. industry figures believe that the bureaucratic backlog is a "strategic excuse". "China can staff up as fast as they want, if they wanted to," said a source from the U.S. rare earths industry who declined to be named for sensitivity reasons. In public, Chinese officials have said the export controls apply to all countries, the implication being that they do not count as a U.S.-specific countermeasure under the Geneva agreement. Foreign ministry spokesperson Lin Jian said on May 30 that the rare earth export controls are "non-discriminatory and not targeted at any specific country". During the Geneva talks, however, China privately admitted that the rare earth export controls qualified as non-tariff countermeasures, according to a source briefed on the talks. Rare earths remain a core part of ongoing U.S.-China discussions, the person said. China's foreign ministry did not immediately respond to a request for clarification. Chinese scholars openly admit that the rare earth export controls are retaliation for U.S. chip curbs. "It's a short-term form of leverage which doesn't hurt China, as the rare earths in question have relatively low monetary value," said Zhu Junwei, an international relations scholar at the Grandview Institution, a Chinese think-tank.
Yahoo
5 days ago
- Automotive
- Yahoo
Analysis-The world's auto supply chain is in the hands of a few Chinese bureaucrats
(Adds story tag) By Laurie Chen and Lewis Jackson BEIJING (Reuters) - In a hulking grey building just east of Tiananmen square in Beijing, a small team in China's Ministry of Commerce is deciding the fate of the global auto industry, one rare earth magnet export permit at a time. China holds a near-monopoly on rare earth magnets - a crucial component in electric vehicle motors - and it added them to an export control list in April as part of its trade war with the United States, forcing all exporters to apply to Beijing for licenses. It falls to the Bureau of Industrial Security and Import and Export Control - which is part of China's Ministry of Commerce - to review export permits for the rare earth magnets, which are vital for car motors, wind turbines and even U.S. F-35 fighter jets. While dozens of licences have been issued since late April, executives, lobbyists and diplomats say they are only a small fraction of the applications that have flooded in from automakers, semiconductor companies and aerospace firms around the world since the tougher export controls were introduced. Washington says delays in issuing export licences show China is reneging on commitments made during trade talks in Geneva last month and it has retaliated with export curbs on plane engine parts and other equipment. U.S. President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping held talks by phone on Thursday as the escalating dispute over China's rare earth stranglehold threatened to derail the fragile trade truce agreed between the two superpowers. When the new rare earth magnet measures came in, the export control bureau had a total of just 30 staff, though this has since been doubled to around 60, according to two sources who were briefed on a meeting between the ministry and Chinese and European semiconductor firms last week. "We appreciate that MOFCOM has increased its resources to address demand and they're working hard and long hours on these issues," said Adam Dunnett, Secretary General of the European Chamber of Commerce in China, referring to the ministry. "But the reality is this is having a huge impact on a wide variety of sectors. It's something that could have been better planned and rolled out," he said. According to personnel records posted to the Ministry of Commerce's website in June 2024, there are only three senior officials within the bureau who can approve the export permits. The ministry's website lists the export licence bureau's office hours as: Weekdays, 8:30-11:30 a.m., 14:00-17:00 p.m. Reuters was unable to determine current staffing levels or whether more officials are now able to approve applications. The Ministry of Commerce did not respond to questions from Reuters on this subject. CHOKEPOINT The global alarm over shortages underscores the enormous leverage China has acquired through its near-monopoly on rare earth production. It also reveals a complex bureaucratic process that has gone from checkpoint to chokepoint. "The process for our suppliers to apply for export licences for various rare earths ... since April, is complex and time-consuming, partly due to the need to collect and provide a lot of information," a spokesperson for Bosch, the German engineering and technology multinational, said last month. A Chinese-language guide to the process published by the Ministry in late March runs to almost 14,000 Mandarin characters. European auto suppliers alone have filed hundreds of requests since early April, with only about a quarter granted. These applications can range from dozens to hundreds of pages, according to sources who have either filed requests or been briefed about them. Public Ministry of Commerce guidelines require information including technical product descriptions, signed contracts. Descriptions of production facilities and photos of products are also encouraged. China's stated aim is to ensure dual-use items don't end up in military equipment, but officials are often overly cautious even though many applications clearly state commercial use, Dunnett said. "Another concern we have heard from some companies is that they are being asked for sensitive and excessive information that is part of their intellectual property which has led to delays in their applications," Dunnett added. While applications are meant to be processed in 45 working days, the ministry says applications related to national security will take longer, without defining how long. 'STRATEGIC EXCUSE' Cory Combs, head of critical mineral and supply chain research at Trivium China, a policy research group, said it was not clear whether the delays were due to bureaucratic inertia or intentional weaponisation. "We do expect these applications to U.S. end-users to be reviewed on par with other countries and approved whenever they're not for military use," he said. "The issue here is that, is it quick enough for the Trump administration to believe that Beijing has not reneged on the Geneva agreement?" Some U.S. industry figures believe that the bureaucratic backlog is a "strategic excuse". "China can staff up as fast as they want, if they wanted to," said a source from the U.S. rare earths industry who declined to be named for sensitivity reasons. In public, Chinese officials have said the export controls apply to all countries, the implication being that they do not count as a U.S.-specific countermeasure under the Geneva agreement. Foreign ministry spokesperson Lin Jian said on May 30 that the rare earth export controls are "non-discriminatory and not targeted at any specific country". During the Geneva talks, however, China privately admitted that the rare earth export controls qualified as non-tariff countermeasures, according to a source briefed on the talks. Rare earths remain a core part of ongoing U.S.-China discussions, the person said. China's foreign ministry did not immediately respond to a request for clarification. Chinese scholars openly admit that the rare earth export controls are retaliation for U.S. chip curbs. "It's a short-term form of leverage which doesn't hurt China, as the rare earths in question have relatively low monetary value," said Zhu Junwei, an international relations scholar at the Grandview Institution, a Chinese think-tank. Error in retrieving data Sign in to access your portfolio Error in retrieving data Error in retrieving data Error in retrieving data Error in retrieving data
Yahoo
12-05-2025
- Business
- Yahoo
Factbox-What have China and the United States agreed to in Geneva?
By Lewis Jackson BEIJING (Reuters) - China and the United States announced a truce in their trade war on Monday after talks in Geneva that will roll back the bulk of tariffs and other countermeasures by Wednesday. The United States is dropping the extra tariffs it imposed on China this year to 30% from 145%, while China is cutting them to 10% from 125%. Tariffs imposed before April 2, including those dating back to U.S. President Donald Trump's first term, and other restrictions, such as the U.S. measures to end low-value package tariff exemptions, known as the "de minimis" rule, appear to remain. TARIFFS ARE COMING DOWN, BUT UNEVENLY AND NOT TO ZERO The United States has agreed to adjust or remove three executive orders, which collectively put 115% tariffs on imports from China. Washington agreed to drop its so-called "Liberation Day" tariffs from 34% to 10% for 90 days, and remove all tariffs imposed during the tit-for-tat escalation that followed. China has matched the de-escalation, removing all but 10% of the tariffs imposed since April 2, leaving the current rate at 10%. However, that leaves China still facing a 30% tariff once duties imposed before April 2 are counted, including the two rounds of fentanyl tariffs imposed in February and March. Chinese products ranging from electric vehicles, steel and aluminium will also still face separate tariffs imposed over the past several years. SOME NON-TARIFF BARRIERS PAUSED China also committed to removing non-tariff countermeasures imposed against the United States since April 2, although it remains unclear how some of these measures will be walked back. As part of its retaliation in April, China added rare earths to its controlled export list, opened an anti-dumping probe into chemical firm DuPont's China business and blacklisted some U.S. defense and tech firms. The wording of the agreement suggests those firms will be removed from the list, which barred trade and investment with China and the anti-dumping probe shelved. The statement only said countermeasures imposed after April 2 will be removed, which would therefore not include a dozen companies blacklisted in March, and the anti-dumping investigation into Google announced in February. DuPont did not immediately respond to a request for comment. QUESTIONS REMAIN OVER RARE EARTHS In the case of rare earths, because China's decision applied to all countries, it is unclear whether it will count as a U.S.-specific countermeasure under the agreement. There is no mention of the U.S. in the original Ministry of Commerce announcement, which required all exporters to seek licenses before shipping seven types of rare earths. Reuters reported last month that U.S. clients were likely to face a long and uncertain wait for licenses given the trade war. China's Ministry of Commerce did not immediately respond to faxed questions about the rare earths restrictions. A Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson referred questions on the subject to the text of the agreement.
Zawya
09-05-2025
- Business
- Zawya
China's export controls see April rare earth shipments tumble on month
BEIJING - China's exports of rare earths in April fell 15.6% from the month before after the country, which dominates global supply, announced controls on shipments of some of the critical minerals. China's exports of the group of 17 minerals stood at 4,785 metric tons last month, data from the General Administration of Customs showed on Friday. That compared to 4,566 tons in the same month in 2024, and 5,666 tons in March. Beijing announced on April 4 it was placing seven categories of medium and heavy rare earths - samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, lutetium, scandium and yttrium-related items- on its export restriction list with immediate effect. Shipments of the seven rare earths placed on the export control list have ground to halt, Reuters reported last month. In the first four months of 2025, exports rose 5.1% compared to the year before to 18,962 tons, the customs data showed. China's rare earths imports last month slid nearly 4% on the year to 12,623 tons. Total imports in the first four months of this year dropped 23.6% from the year before to 37,302 tons, the customs data showed. (Reporting by Amy Lv and Lewis Jackson; Editing by Kate Mayberry)
Yahoo
08-05-2025
- Business
- Yahoo
Trade war set to slash China's steel exports, aggravating oversupply at home
By Amy Lv and Lewis Jackson BEIJING (Reuters) -China's steel exports are set to slump in the second quarter, threatening to exacerbate a supply glut at home, analysts and traders said, as the trade war and a wave of protectionism moving in its wake crimps export markets. Second-quarter shipments from the world's largest steel producer and exporter are forecast to fall by up to a fifth from the first quarter, said eight analysts and traders, who also expect exports to worsen further later in the year. That would also leave second quarter shipments lower than in the same period in 2024. Steel exports have been hit by a double blow as Washington's tariffs choke off the transshipment trade, where third countries resell Chinese steel to the U.S., and top customers like South Korea and Vietnam impose their own duties to avoid steel then being rerouted and dumped in their markets. "It's certain that total exports will slide in Q2," said a Chinese steel trader on condition of anonymity as they are not authorised to speak to media. "One can look at Middle East, Africa and South America as alternative outlets but the problem is no country can absorb such a huge capacity." China's rising steel exports have helped partly offset weak demand from the battered property sector and any decline will redirect steel back home, depressing prices, eroding steelmaker profitability and denting their appetite for inputs like iron ore. First-quarter exports hit the highest level since 2016 as mills rushed to get steel out of the country before the then-rumoured tariffs were announced. While the steel industry has long expected near-record exports to ultimately trigger some backlash, the magnitude of protectionism unleashed by the trade war between Washington and Beijing has surprised many. The Chairman of China's largest listed steelmaker, Baosteel, said late last month the sector's exports faced "unprecedented" pressure and more steel left at home would intensify oversupply. Overseas orders for a large Chinese exporter fell between 20% and 30% last month versus the month before, according to an April survey compiled by consultancy Mysteel. There are also concerns the trade war could spillover into products heavily reliant on steel, like electric vehicles or home appliances, weakening the other major source of steel demand outside the property sector, said Ge Xin, deputy director at consultancy Lange Steel. "It takes time for that impact to permeate through into the upstream steel market, likely reflected in data in the second quarter when home demand seasonally slowed, aggravating the supply glut situation."
