Latest news with #LizDonley
Washington Post
17-05-2025
- Science
- Washington Post
NIST set its new atomic clock in motion, and it's astoundingly precise
A new atomic clock is one of the world's best timekeepers, researchers say — and after years of development, the 'fountain'-style clock is now in use helping keep official U.S. time. Known as NIST-F4, the clock is at the Boulder, Colorado, campus of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The clock relies on cesium atoms, which oscillate between quantum states at a frequency of over 9 billion times per second. NIST-F4 uses lasers to cool a ball of cesium atoms to near absolute zero, then measures the frequency of the atoms as they pass through a microwave chamber. As they rise and fall like water in a fountain, the atoms oscillate, 'ticking' more than 9 billion times per second. The length of that second is so reliable that the clock would be off by less than a second if it had started running 100 million years ago, researchers say. In an article in Metrologia evaluating the clock's accuracy, researchers say the clock is accurate enough to help calibrate coordinated universal time (UTC). It took months to assess the super-precise clock, its inventors say. All that testing was worth it: The agency 'has already benefited significantly from the fountain's high uptime and the reliability of its performance,' Liz Donley, chief of NIST's time and frequency division, said in a news release. Once certified by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), NIST-F4 will become one of a small cadre of clocks used to calibrate coordinated universal time. It's already in use as part of the agency's UTC(NIST) timescale, which provides official time for the United States.
Yahoo
10-05-2025
- Science
- Yahoo
Physicists create groundbreaking atomic clock that's off by less than 1 second every 100 million years
When you buy through links on our articles, Future and its syndication partners may earn a commission. Scientists have developed one of the most precise atomic clocks ever built, and they plan to use it as a reference clock to define time itself. Based on the rising and falling of cesium atoms under a microwave beam, the NIST-F4 atomic clock is so reliable that if it had started to run when dinosaurs existed 100 million years ago it would be off by less than a second today, according to its creators. The clockmakers, scientists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Boulder, Colorado, published details of the NIST-F4's workings April 15 in the journal Metrologia. Running as of April 2025, the new clock is pending approval before it joins roughly 450 other clocks worldwide in defining Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), the global system for measuring the ultraprecise beat of a second. Time signals are "used literally billions of times each day for everything from setting clocks and watches to ensuring the accurate time stamping of hundreds of billions of dollars of electronic financial transactions," Liz Donley, chief of the Time and Frequency Division at NIST, said in a statement. (Donley is not credited as one of the new paper's authors). The growing need for more precise timekeeping means that scientists are always working to develop better reference clocks — ones that define the time others are set by. Unlike their everyday counterparts, these reference devices are atomic clocks, deriving their ticks from the vibrations of atoms. Related: 'A dream come true': Nuclear clock breakthrough could revolutionize study of the universe's fundamental forces NIST-F4 is a type of atomic clock known as a fountain clock, containing a cloud of thousands cesium atoms cooled to near absolute zero using lasers. The atoms are then thrown upwards under the impulse provided by a pair of laser beams, then fall under their own weight while passing through a microwave beam tuned to make the atoms oscillate. Counting this frequency (which occurs 9,192,631,770 times every second) enables scientists to precisely define the international second. But that's the relatively simple part. To ensure NIST-F4's reliability, the scientists had to account for every source of miniscule noise that could affect the cesium atoms' vibrations. These include quantum cross-talk with other atoms; microwave leakage and lensing effects; and subtle distortions in the electromagnetic fields generated by the lasers. The team began making these tweaks in 2020, four years after the agency's first fountain clock, NIST-F1, was decommissioned for restoration. This work included rebuilding the microwave cavity at the core of the clock from scratch. "Evaluating a fountain clock like NIST-F4 is a slow process," first study author Vladislav Gerginov, a physicist at NIST who worked on the new design, said in the statement. "We have to be very conservative. We should know everything about it." RELATED STORIES — How long is a second? — New 'microcomb' chip brings us closer to super accurate, fingertip-sized atomic clocks —Cosmic-ray 'GPS' system that tracks underground movement could change the way we respond to disasters The result is a clock with a total a total systematic uncertainty of 2.2×10⁻¹⁶ — a precision that means it loses less than a second every 140 million years. This extremely subtle lag is the product of noise from the randomness inherent in quantum measurements, a factor the scientists say could be reduced with better oscillators and refined laser cooling. NIST-F4 will tick alongside its precursor clock NIST-F3. The newer clock will operate around 90% of the time, and at least one of the clocks will run at any given time. Data from both will be periodically sent to BIPM to calibrate UTC, and keep the world ticking on beat.
Yahoo
29-04-2025
- Science
- Yahoo
New Boulder atomic clock submitted to track world's time
DENVER (KDVR) — It is said that time is relative and passes differently depending on an observer's relative motion and gravitational potential. Although some would argue time is a construct, it does play a big part for all living things, and one group in particular, humans, has created an entire system based on time. Colorado Avalanche vs. Dallas Stars Game 6: TV channel, time, what to know With such a complex principle being experienced in different capacities by people all over the world, how can time really be measured? For people all over the globe, one area where time is monitored is by an atomic clock housed in the National Institute of Standards and Technology lab in Boulder. According to scientists at NIST in Boulder, their newest atomic clock, the NIST-F4, will help track time more precisely and help put global time on a more accurate frequency. Scientists believe in the ability of the F4 so much that they have submitted it to the International Bureau of Weights and Measures to be used as a primary frequency standard that would oversee the world's time. The F4 is based on the 'fountain' design, which has become the golden standard for timekeeping since 1967, by measuring the unchanging frequency in the heart of cesium atoms. NIST said that if the F4 atomic clock had started ticking 100 million years ago, when dinosaurs were abundant on Earth, it would be off by less than a second today. The F4 joins a group of atomic clocks operated in only 10 other countries around the world and will help make the foundation of global time more stable and secure by helping distribute time via the radio and internet, which are critical for a handful of functions, including: Telecommunications Transportation systems Financial trading platforms Data center operations 'NIST-F4 has improved time signals that are used literally billions of times each day for everything from setting clocks and watches to ensuring the accurate time stamping of hundreds of billions of dollars of electronic financial transactions,' said Liz Donley, chief of the Time and Frequency Division at NIST. The F4 will track time scales in the region and submit them to the other global clocks, which will be used to synchronize time in their areas. Speaking of time, the F4 is the byproduct of a process that began in the late 1990s, when the NIST-F1 was created. To function with such precision, the F4 will cool a cloud of thousands of cesium atoms to near absolute zero with lasers. A pair of lasers then tosses the atoms gently upward, before their own weight causes them to fall again. During that process, the atoms will pass through a small chamber full of microwave radiation twice. On the way up, the microwave will put the atoms into a quantum state that cycles at a frequency known as the cesium resonant frequency, which is an unchanging constant. Nearly a second later, the atoms will fall back down, and a second interaction determines how closely the microwaves' frequency aligns with the cesium resonant frequency of the atoms. The measurement is then taken to tune the microwave frequency toward the atomic resonance frequency, which will be counted by a detector for 9,192,631,770 wave cycles, a number that defines the official international second. What is severe weather season in Colorado? NIST said that the F4's frequency measurements are accurate to within 2.2 parts in 10 to the 16th (10 million billion), which is comparable to the best fountain clocks around the world. 'The success of NIST-F4 has renewed NIST's global leadership in primary frequency standards,' said Donley. '(Scientists)Vladi and Greg used ingenuity and skill to restore the reliable, world-class operation of NIST's atomic fountains.' A team at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures is testing the F4's data before it determines if it will be used as a clock for the primary frequency standard. Copyright 2025 Nexstar Media, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
