23-05-2025
The legacy and rebirth of M.C. Rajah Hostel: A symbol of Dalit student resilience
It's hard for any commuter moving through Saidapet's traffic snarls to miss the new towering 10-storey white structure, the recently constructed M.C. Rajah College Boys' Hostel. Though inaugurated on Ambedkar Jayanti this year, the hostel is yet to start running.
Adjacent to the new structure stands the older original building that is now over 60 years old. It was one of Tamil Nadu's first Adi Dravidar hostels, named after the prominent Dalit leader M. C. Rajah. A marble plaque at its entrance bears the inaugurators' names — then-Chief Minister K. Kamaraj and Works Minister P. Kakkan.
As the sparkling new ₹45-crore hostel building — which can accommodate 490 students — gets its final touches with admissions soon to start rolling out, Joy Andrew (29), a key organiser of the Thirunangai Press, which promotes literature written by authors from historically oppressed communities, outlines several student protests and grassroot efforts that pushed the government to build the current structure.
Years of grassroots efforts that shaped policy
The infamous 2010 student protest that blocked Anna Salai and continuous efforts by Thudi Iyakkam and Dalit student bodies from 2003 to 2019 ensured that the existing hostels got a facelift and basic amenities, including water purifiers, stainless steel vessels, and dining tables.
Dr. Bharthi Prabhu, who leads Thudi Iyakkam, a non-profit organisation working for Dalit students in Tamil Nadu, says, 'There are these godowns in villages built to ripen mangoes; the hot and humid structure helps ripen the fruit. That's how the conditions of Adi Dravidar hostels were, with windows made of stifling steel/ iron, that barely budged, and creating a suffocating environment'.
Mr. Prabhu's earliest memories of the M.C. Rajah hostel date back to 2003, when he organised Buddhist Cultural Awareness sessions and events. 'Basic needs like food, clean water, and bathroom facilities caused significant challenges undermining the dignity of SC/ST students coming to these hostels from all over the State.'
Prominent figures like P. Kuganantham, the former city health officer, retired IPS AG Mourya, and VCK leader Thol Thirumavalan have stayed in the M.C. Rajah Hostel during their college days. Mr. Prabhu narrates that though decades had passed since Kuganantham moved out of the college, in 2018, when he visited the hostel, he saw that the students were still eating meals on bare cement floors. This sight urged him to arrange a wooden dining table in the hostel canteen area. With the support of the organisation, Ambedkar International Mission, he raised ₹50,000, and Mr. Prabhu also contributed to getting stainless steel vessels for the hostel.
Over the years, Mr. Prabhu has drafted several proposals citing immediate structural and maintenance needs at these hostels. He also documented this initiative and took it to the then-CM Secretary, IAS Vijay Kumar. 'This led to a domino effect', he said.
He visited all the Adi Dradivar College hostels in the city and submitted reports that detailed out their needs. A ₹13-crore budget was set aside to enhance these hostels, and facilities such as water purifiers, better quality food, stainless steel plates, dining tables and hygienic washrooms were emphasised. Collective efforts over the years and the advocacy efforts by MLA and VCK member, Sinthanai Selvan, resulted in the ruling party giving clearance to the construction of the new MC Rajah College Boys' Hostel, an upgrade long overdue.
Factors that drove the protests
Ilayaraja from Chengalpettu district, who stayed at the hostel between 2007-11, says, 'We used to carry food in buckets to our rooms from the canteen. Plates came later, after Mr. Prabhu's relentless efforts'. Mr. Ilayaraja was one of the student leaders who led the protests against the poor conditions of Adi Dravidar hostels.
Recalling the protests, Mr. Ilayaraja said, 'Minister Tamilarasi tasted a small piece of mullangi (radish) from our plate'. It took us about a week to organise students from all the hostels. On the day of the protest, we freshened up and left for the spot. The adrenaline helped to a point, but once the police and other officials started pouring in, we were scared.'
He said they wanted to question the diversion of the Special Component Fund meant for the social and economic development of the SC and ST population in India. The hostel only had a couple of tungsten bulbs, and students often used the washrooms at the Veterinary hospital opposite the hostel. Unable to eat the hostel food, most of them started taking up part-time jobs at catering services. 'There the food was way better and we all got a bit of pocket money'.
Why these hostels matter for first-generational learners
Mr. Ilayaraja, who has completed his in English and is now pursuing LLB, says, 'No one in my family or my village had studied a lot. So I always yearned to learn as much as possible'.
Mr. Ilayaraja is a first-generation learner like many students who relied on Adi Dravidar hostels for accommodation, despite their stark conditions. 'Chennai opened up worlds for me. To be in a city where you get everything was truly a dream for someone who came from a small village. While education showed me my potential, I also realised that as Dalits, we are often excluded from political spaces and underrepresented. And this piqued my interest.' Since leading the Anna Salai protest, Mr. Ilayaraja has gone on to head several student unions and served as the Bahujan Samaj Party District President (Chengalpattu) for four years.
Ten years on, the same conditions persist
A decade later, little has changed for marginalised students pursuing higher education in the capital city. 'Who doesn't like Chennai?', chuckles Prunesh, 21, as he describes his hostel experience and love for the city. He stayed at the old hostel between 2021-2024 while pursuing his B.A. History degree at the Government Arts College at Nandanam.
'The hostel helped me to pursue my education in Chennai as accommodation is expensive, but the hostel in itself did not have a lot of facilities, and the food served was a major challenge', says Mr. Prunesh, who hails from Virudhachalam in Cuddalore, a coastal district to the south of Chennai.
Mr. Ilayaraja's and Mr. Prunesh's woes echo several news reports that came out across the decade, highlighting the poor conditions that plague nearly all the 16 College hostels run by the Adi Dravidar Welfare Department for SC/ST students across the state.
Systemic gaps that undermine hostel life for SC/ST students
C. Lakshmanan, an author and Associate Professor at the Madras Institute of Development Studies (MIDS), spoke about how these welfare hostels, which are meant to be a home away from home, fall short due to several factors. 'Despite several schemes and policies being implemented to provide a safe and nurturing environment for students from marginalised communities, they fail to achieve their purpose due to poor maintenance of these hostels', he said.
Mismanagement and non-utilisation of the funds allocated for Adi Dravidar hostels, reliance on contractual workers and lack of a permanent warden, and the SC/ST Welfare Directors failing to visit and monitor the conditions prevailing in these hostels are some of the key issues, underlined Lakshmanan.
Author and Social Activist Shalin Maria Lawrence also underscored the non-utilisation of the funds allocated for Adi Dravidar hostels and spoke about the double stigmatisation the students often face. 'Many first generational learners who come to the city to pursue education, not only endure caste-based stigma but are marginalised further due to living in dilapidated hostels that lack basic amenities', she said.
Students look to the new hostel as a model for change
Joy, who also conducts the Ambedkar Reading Circle, notes that while some students regret missing out on the chance to stay in the new hostel, all agree and hope that the new hostel will set a precedent for Adi Dravidar Hostels. He says, 'Infrastructure and nurturing the right environment are crucial for these students who migrate to Chennai seeking education and aiming to defy caste stigma'.
