29-03-2025
Resolution condemning 1638 treaty that targeted Pequots moves forward in legislature
A state legislative committee has endorsed a proposed resolution condemning parts of the 1638 Treaty of Hartford that aimed to erase the Pequot Indian tribe in the wake of the Pequot War, a pivotal event in state and U.S. history.
The Government Administration and Elections Committee voted 14-5 Wednesday night to approve the measure, sending it to the Senate for further consideration. Two members of the southeastern Connecticut delegation, Democrats Nick Gauthier of Waterford and Nick Menapace of East Lyme, voted with the majority.
Five of the committee's six Republican members cast the dissenting votes.
During a public hearing earlier this month, Sen. Cathy Osten, D-Sprague, who sponsored the resolution, said the state's official condemnation of the treaty's language would 'greatly benefit' state-tribal relations and represent 'an important step forward in attempting to right wrongs of the many people before us ...'
Latoya Cluff, vice chairwoman of the Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Council, testified in support of the resolution, as did several academics, including Andy Horowitz, the Connecticut state historian and an associate professor of history at UConn, and David Simon, a senior lecturer at Yale University's Jackson School of Global Affairs.
The Mohegan Tribe, which did not offer testimony, supports the resolution as it is written, Chuck Bunnell, the Mohegans' chief of staff, said.
In testimony submitted to the committee, Horowitz wrote that certain facts surrounding the Treaty of Hartford, signed Sept. 21, 1638, among the Connecticut Colony and the Narragansett and Mohegan tribes, 'are clear and, to my knowledge, not in dispute.'
'Among these facts,' he wrote, 'are that the Treaty of Hartford declared that 'the Pequots ... shall no more be called Pequots,' confiscated the Pequots' traditional lands, and condemned Pequots either to death or slavery.'
Scholars have identified the Pequot War as 'a key event in the history of native dispossession and the rise of slavery in North America,' Horowitz wrote.
Cluff, speaking for her tribe, said it survived the 'genocidal provisions' of the treaty and managed to pass down its culture, language and history to future generations — 'often in secret, always with hope.'
'We have reclaimed our lands, revitalized our governance and reinvested in our culture and people,' said the tribe, which owns Foxwoods Resort Casino, in a statement. 'We are proud to contribute to Connecticut's economy, create thousands of jobs, and maintain our sovereign government's relationship with the state and federal governments.'
Connecticut's historical treatment of the Pequot War will remain complicated regardless of whether the legislature embraces the resolution condemning the treaty.
As Horowitz noted in his testimony, in the early 1900s, state lawmakers commissioned 'An Attack on an Indian Fort,' a stone engraving that depicts the burning of Pequot men, women and children in the 1637 Massacre at Mystic, as well as a statue of Capt. John Mason, the English commander who led the attack.
Both pieces are still in place at the State Capitol, the statue on a high perch on the building's exterior.
'Thus, an observer might reasonably wonder whether Connecticut continues to endorse the Treaty of Hartford,' Horowitz wrote.
