15-04-2025
This Greek Air Combat Exercise Was A Low-Level Fighter Flying Paradise
After three weeks of air warfare training over the Greek mainland and sea, the Hellenic Air Force's (HAF) multinational Iniochos exercise wrapped up Sunday. This year's maneuvers involved a remarkably wide variety of air forces and types and provided a unique opportunity to see tactical aircraft put through their paces at low level through the spectacular mountainous scenery of western Greece.
Aviation photographer and TWZ contributor Rich Cooper was in Greece and now shares with us some of the highlights of the exercise, which was hosted out of Andravida Air Base, which is home to the HAF Air Tactics Center.
The 2025 iteration of Iniochos began on March 24 and concluded on April 13, with a wide range of missions being trained for. These comprised Offensive Counter Air Operations (OCA), Defensive Counter Air Operations (DCA), Strategic Air Operations, Air Power Contribution to Counter-Land Operations (APCLO), Air Power Contribution to Maritime Operations (APCMO), Reconnaissance Missions (RECCE), Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR), Time Sensitive Target (TST), and High Value Airborne Asset (HVAA).
#INIOCHOS25 wraps up with unforgettable moments in the sky.@IAF_MCC @MOD_Qatar @SztabGenWP @ItalianAirForce @Armee_de_lair @modgovae @HQUSAFEAFAF @EjercitoAire @defence_mne@Slovenskavojska#Interoperability #MultinationalExercise #MissionSuccess #haf #πολεμικηαεροπορια
— Hellenic Air Force (@HAFspokesperson) April 12, 2025
Reflecting the growing use of virtual training aids in air warfare training, Iniochos 2025 also made use, for the first time, of F-16 tactical simulators of the HAF's newly established Synthetic Training Squadron.
As well as putting multiple Hellenic Armed Forces assets — including ground-based air defenses — through their paces, the exercise also saw strong foreign participation, underscoring how these drills have become increasingly popular for a range of NATO, allied, and partner air forces.
External participants this year included French Μirage 2000D and Italian Tornado strike fighters, Emirari Μirage 2000-9, Indian Su-30MK, Polish F-16, Qatari F-15QA, and Spanish EF-18 multirole fighters, Israeli G550 signals intelligence (SIGINT) aircraft, Montenegrin Bell 412 utility helicopters, Slovenian PC-9 turboprop trainers, and U.S. Air Force F-16s as well as KC-46 and KC-135 aerial refueling tankers.
Israeli participation in Iniochos is not new, but remains noteworthy, for several reasons.
In the past, the Israeli Air Force has conducted exercises with the Hellenic Armed Forces to expose its assets to Greek-operated S-300 air defense systems, originally procured for the protection of Cyprus. These Russian-made surface-to-air missiles are notably operated by Iran and Syria. Meanwhile, Greek jets have also flown in Israel's corresponding Blue Flag maneuvers.
Iniochos also provides a rare platform for the Israeli Air Force to take part in maneuvers alongside their counterparts from the Gulf states: in this instance, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. Although Qatar and the UAE, like most of the Arab world, long rejected diplomatic ties with Israel, these policies have softened in recent years, and the UAE, in particular, has cultivated increasingly military relations with the country.
Nevertheless, in light of general security concerns, the Israeli Ministry of Defense typically provides very few details about the Israeli Air Force's participation in Iniochos, although this time it did provide some comments.
The Israeli Air Force confirmed it sent a single SIGINT-configured G550, although in previous years it had sent several fighter jets and tankers, as well s surveillance aircraft.
In a statement, the Israel Defense Forces said that its participation in the exercise was 'intended to strengthen strategic cooperation with foreign armies, improve the competence of the participating forces, and give the crews a professional challenge in flight conditions in an unknown environment and with varying threats.'
The IDF finally comments on its participation in an annual aerial exercise hosted by Greece, which this year included the participation of other countries joined Greece in its Iniochos exercise this year: the United States, France, India, Israel, Italy, Montenegro,…
— Emanuel (Mannie) Fabian (@manniefabian) April 11, 2025
While classed as a medium-scale exercise, in terms of participating aircraft, the year's Iniochos was the biggest since the maneuvers first took place in the late 1980s, back then as an all-Greek affair.
The exercise had a notable focus on low-level flying, with most of the participants making good use of the Peloponnese mountain low-level flight training area. Low-level flying is a highly perishable skill and one that remains of critical importance for evading hostile air defense networks. Access to appropriate flight training areas is not always easy, so opportunities like this are very welcome for tactical fliers.
Here is just a taste of what a few lucky spectators got to see flying down low the Greek valleys and over the Aegean Sea during the 2025 edition of an exercise that's clearly of growing significance.
Rich Cooper runs the Centre of Aviation Photography. Make sure to check them out here and to follow him on Instagram here.
Contact the author: thomas@
