Latest news with #SarahFoster
Yahoo
3 days ago
- Business
- Yahoo
Dead, dried and hidden in cargo: The global illegal seahorse trade is growing fast
Close to five million smuggled seahorses, worth an estimated €18.5 million, were seized over the past decade. It is a staggering number that researchers say still underrepresents the true scale of the illegal trade. A new study published in Conservation Biology examined global wildlife seizure data from 2010 to 2021 and discovered that seahorses – either dead and dried or alive – were most often found hidden in luggage or shipped by sea cargo across 62 countries. The majority were bound for traditional medicine markets in Asia. But those aren't the only markets anymore. The researchers discovered that Europe and Latin America are increasingly showing up in trafficking routes, too. 'The nearly 300 seizures we analysed were based only on online records and voluntary disclosures including government notices and news stories,' says Dr Sarah Foster, a research associate at the University of British Columbia's Project Seahorse and the study's lead author. 'What we're seeing is just the tip of the iceberg.' Seahorses have long been prized in traditional medicine, especially in China and Hong Kong, where they're dried, ground into powder and used in treatments for ailments ranging from asthma to impotence. They're also traded as dried souvenirs or live animals for aquariums. Demand for them has proven difficult to regulate. Related Italian butterfly thieves handed highest-ever fine for wildlife crime in Sri Lanka Conflict between humans and Zimbabwe's 100,000 elephants is growing. Could this new tech help? International trade in seahorses is legal under the CITES treaty – an agreement recognised by 184 countries, including the whole of the EU. But it is only allowed if permits prove that exporting them won't harm wild populations. In practice, those permits are hard to secure. That's pushed the trade underground, where traffickers exploit weak enforcement and shifting trade routes, according to the researchers. 'The trade routes appear to be diversifying, and so must enforcement efforts,' says Syd Ascione, a research biologist at Project Seahorse. Seahorses are often seized alongside other trafficked items like pangolin scales and elephant ivory. It shows how deeply marine species are entangled in the global wildlife crime economy – a trade worth up to €20 billion annually, according to Interpol. In February, a global wildlife trafficking crackdown saw 20,000 live animals seized, from tiger cubs to songbirds. In Europe, smugglers have previously been caught transporting reptiles under their clothes. And in April, two Belgian teenagers found trafficking 5,000 ants were fined €6,775 or given the option of serving 12 months in prison by a court in Kenya for violating wildlife conservation laws. A 2024 UN report found that more than 4,000 species are affected by wildlife trafficking, driving some rare species to extinction. Still, marine species tend to receive less attention – and less protection – than their more charismatic land-dwelling counterparts, according to the UN. But their quiet disappearance affects everything from coral habitats to the livelihoods of coastal communities that depend on the sea for food or commerce. Controlling the trade has also proven difficult. They can be a valuable income source for fishers, Foster says, and there are gaps in enforcement. The study found recorded values for seized seahorses in only 34 cases, but was able to estimate an average price of about €4.50 per animal – a low number but one that adds up quickly when trafficked in bulk. Related 'Road rage' in paradise: Traffic noise is changing how birds in the Galápagos behave Scientists find traces of cocaine in sharks caught off the coast of Brazil. How did it get there? While airports are common seizure points for trafficked seahorses, the largest volumes are found in sea cargo, a frequently overlooked transport method. Of the 300 cases the group examined, only seven per cent included information about legal penalties. That raises questions about how often traffickers are prosecuted and whether current penalties are enough to slow their trade. 'All countries must step up with strong deterrents – good detective work, determined enforcement and meaningful penalties,' says Dr Teale Phelps Bondaroff of OceansAsia, the study's senior author. At the same time, Foster adds, there's a need to support sustainable alternatives. Those efforts start with bringing the legal seahorse trade into the light to protect their populations, perhaps providing a blueprint for better marine conservation everywhere. 'When we ask [traditional medicine traders in Hong Kong], 'How long do you want seahorses around?', they say 'Forever, they're really important!'' she says. 'And we agree.'
Euronews
3 days ago
- Euronews
Millions of seahorses vanish into the illegal wildlife trade each year
Close to five million smuggled seahorses, worth an estimated €18.5 million, were seized over the past decade. It is a staggering number that researchers say still underrepresents the true scale of the illegal trade. A new study published in Conservation Biology examined global wildlife seizure data from 2010 to 2021 and discovered that seahorses – either dead and dried or alive – were most often found hidden in luggage or shipped by sea cargo across 62 countries. The majority were bound for traditional medicine markets in Asia. But those aren't the only markets anymore. The researchers discovered that Europe and Latin America are increasingly showing up in trafficking routes, too. 'The nearly 300 seizures we analysed were based only on online records and voluntary disclosures including government notices and news stories,' says Dr Sarah Foster, a research associate at the University of British Columbia's Project Seahorse and the study's lead author. 'What we're seeing is just the tip of the iceberg.' Seahorses have long been prized in traditional medicine, especially in China and Hong Kong, where they're dried, ground into powder and used in treatments for ailments ranging from asthma to impotence. They're also traded as dried souvenirs or live animals for aquariums. Demand for them has proven difficult to regulate. International trade in seahorses is legal under the CITES treaty – an agreement recognised by 184 countries, including the whole of the EU. But it is only allowed if permits prove that exporting them won't harm wild populations. In practice, those permits are hard to secure. That's pushed the trade underground, where traffickers exploit weak enforcement and shifting trade routes, according to the researchers. 'The trade routes appear to be diversifying, and so must enforcement efforts,' says Syd Ascione, a research biologist at Project Seahorse. Seahorses are often seized alongside other trafficked items like pangolin scales and elephant ivory. It shows how deeply marine species are entangled in the global wildlife crime economy – a trade worth up to €20 billion annually, according to Interpol. In February, a global wildlife traffickingcrackdown saw 20,000 live animals seized, from tiger cubs to songbirds. In Europe, smugglers have previously been caught transporting reptiles under their clothes. And in April, two Belgian teenagers found trafficking 5,000 ants were fined €6,775 or given the option of serving 12 months in prison by a court in Kenya for violating wildlife conservation laws. A 2024 UN report found that more than4,000 species are affected by wildlife trafficking, driving some rare species to extinction. Still, marine species tend to receive less attention – and less protection – than their more charismatic land-dwelling counterparts, according to the UN. But their quiet disappearance affects everything from coral habitats to the livelihoods of coastal communities that depend on the sea for food or commerce. Controlling the trade has also proven difficult. They can be a valuable income source for fishers, Foster says, and there are gaps in enforcement. The study found recorded values for seized seahorses in only 34 cases, but was able to estimate an average price of about €4.50 per animal – a low number but one that adds up quickly when trafficked in bulk. While airports are common seizure points for trafficked seahorses, the largest volumes are found in sea cargo, a frequently overlooked transport method. Of the 300 cases the group examined, only seven per cent included information about legal penalties. That raises questions about how often traffickers are prosecuted and whether current penalties are enough to slow their trade. 'All countries must step up with strong deterrents – good detective work, determined enforcement and meaningful penalties,' says Dr Teale Phelps Bondaroff of OceansAsia, the study's senior author. At the same time, Foster adds, there's a need to support sustainable alternatives. Those efforts start with bringing the legal seahorse trade into the light to protect their populations, perhaps providing a blueprint for better marine conservation everywhere. 'When we ask [traditional medicine traders in Hong Kong], 'How long do you want seahorses around?', they say 'Forever, they're really important!'' she says. 'And we agree.' From the vivid red of a parrot's feather to the dreamy blues and purples of Indigo plants, nature is a riot of colour. It has a spectrum to satisfy even the most fashion-forward of humans, so what if there were a way to naturally copy all of these hues? That's precisely what UK-based company Colorifix is working on: a fabric-dyeing process that uses the DNA codes for colours found in nature and teaches microbes to recreate them. Founders Orr Yarkoni and Jim Ajioka were motivated by a research trip to Nepal in 2013, where they saw the toxic impact of chemically synthesised dyes on Kathmandu's rivers. A decade later, Colorfix won recognition as a 2023 finalist for The Earthshot Prize - the global environmental award created by Britain's Prince William. We caught up with the company to find out more about the waste-cutting solution and what they've achieved since stepping into the global spotlight. Before the 19th century, fabric dyes were derived from natural plants and crops, and colourful clothing was considered a luxury. Colorifix is 'bringing the fashion industry back to its roots', in the words of CEO Yarkoni - but with a 21st century set of tools to unlock new pigments. It begins by identifying an interesting colour created naturally by an animal, plant or microbe. By searching public databases, scientists find the 'instructions' for making that colour in the organism's DNA code. They then insert that code into bioengineered microbes like yeast, which are fed with sugar and nitrogen in bioreactors, similar to the way beer is brewed. Over time, these 'microscopic colour factories' can create hundreds to thousands of litres of dye. Finally, the contents of the fermentor are pumped into standard dye machines along with the yarn, fabric, or garment to be dyed. 'Support from The Earthshot Prize not only validates the impact of our solution but also connects us with the network needed for this crucial next phase,' says Andreas Andren, head of business development at Colorifix. Finalists - there are 15 each year, across five categories - join the Prize's 12-month accelerator programme, which includes connections to investors and help to overcome hurdles. 'Biotech is great, but overall expensive to run and scale,' explains Andren. 'Part of the innovation we had to put into play was hardware to make biotechnology scaling competitive with commodity chemical manufacturing. 'Having to solve that problem on top of developing our core technology - the actual dyeing - was definitely the biggest challenge.' Colorfix's solution makes for an interesting intellectual property (IP) case. Patenting organisms that have been recreated using DNA technology is tricky, so the company has instead patented its process of producing, depositing and fixing dye on fabric. 'To reap all the benefits of our technology, such as flexibility and cost parity, a dye house will need to install our proprietary bioreactors on-site,' Andren says. Is the company coming up against incumbents in the industry? 'We are getting more attention from synthetic chemical manufacturers,' he says. 'Some good, some not so good; but the fact that they are starting to pay attention is definitely a sign we are on the right track.' Colorifix has operational capacity in Europe and South America - spread out across several manufacturers - and is aiming to be operational in South Asia within a year. It has partnered with fashion brands like Pangaia and Vollebak to bring products dyed with its technology to market and start increasing demand for sustainable dyes throughout the supply chain. There are other 'big names in the pipeline,' says Andren - but the company is keeping its cards close to its chest for now. The same goes for the new colours it is cooking up. However, he reveals, they successfully dyed greens and oranges during the first part of the year. And the team are extending their application to new materials, including Spiber, made of spider silk protein, and Circulose, an alternative cellulose pulp. New colours will join Colorifix's primary palette of three pigments: one detected in Indigo plants; another, Blushing Rose, made by underwater bacteria; and a third bacteria-born pigment found in soil and deep-sea sediments, named Sunlit Sand. Colouring our clothes with these natural dyes would represent huge progress for an industry that is currently polluting and colouring nature - like Tanzania's Msimbazi River - with chemicals. Colorifix's natural dyes cut chemical pollution by 80 per cent and, when applied to fabrics, they require far fewer rinses than synthetic dyes, ultimately saving vast quantities of water.
CTV News
4 days ago
- Business
- CTV News
Millions of seahorses smuggled in global illegal trade, UBC researchers say
Nearly five million smuggled seahorses were seized by authorities across the globe over a 10-year span, according to a new study out of the University of British Columbia—which warns the illegal trade is far larger. The study, published last week in the science journal Conservation Biology, analyzed seizure records available online between 2010 and 2021 and found smuggling incidents in 62 countries. Researchers estimated the seizures were worth a combined $29 million. 'The nearly 300 seizures we analyzed were based only on online records and voluntary disclosures including government notices and news stories. This means that what we're seeing is just the tip of the iceberg,' said author Dr. Sarah Foster, a researcher at UBC's Project Seahorse, in a media release. The fish were most commonly found in passenger baggage at airports or in cargo at sea. Dried seahorses are widely used in traditional medicine and are most often bound for China and Hong Kong, often seized alongside other illegally traded wildlife like elephant ivory. The study found emerging trade routes in Europe and Latin America, suggesting the global trade is diversifying. 'All countries must step up with strong deterrents — good detective work, determined enforcement, and meaningful penalties — to shut down the illegal seahorse trade,' said author Dr. Teale Phelps Bondaroff, director of research at OceansAsia, in the release. 'At the same time, we must continue using innovative research and investigation methods to uncover hidden networks and outpace traffickers.' The international seahorse trade is allowed if it adheres to regulations under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, an agreement signed by 184 countries. It requires exporters to have a permit and prove the fish are being harvested sustainably. Countries' challenges to meet those obligations did not end the seahorse trade, but moved it underground, according to Project Seahorse. 'Illegal trade under bans and suspensions was predictable. Most seahorses are caught by non-selective fishing gear, primarily bottom trawls. As long as such fisheries persist, seahorses will be caught and available for trade,' reads its website. The researchers suggest incentivizing traders to operate legally, rather than stopping seahorse sale altogether. 'We need to make sustainable, legal trade viable enough that people obey the laws, and ensure that we also have sufficient deterrents to stop illegal activity,' said Foster. 'We've done work with traditional medicine traders in Hong Kong, and when we ask them, 'How long do you want seahorses around?', they say 'Forever, they're really important!' And we agree.'
Vancouver Sun
5 days ago
- Science
- Vancouver Sun
'This should raise flags': Smuggling seahorses a $29 million global industry, say UBC researchers
Researchers at the University of B.C. have discovered that millions of seahorses are being traded illegally around the world on hidden routes, putting many species at risk of becoming endangered or extinct. The study, published this week in the scientific journal Conservation Biology , found nearly five million seahorses, worth an estimated $29 million, were seized by authorities in 62 countries over a 10-year span at airports in passenger baggage or shipped in sea cargo. However, researchers believe the number of seahorses on the illegal trade market is significantly higher, as the data show only the shipments that were seized. Start your day with a roundup of B.C.-focused news and opinion. By signing up you consent to receive the above newsletter from Postmedia Network Inc. A welcome email is on its way. If you don't see it, please check your junk folder. The next issue of Sunrise will soon be in your inbox. Please try again Interested in more newsletters? Browse here. They also found emerging trade routes for dried seahorses in Europe and Latin America, in addition to already known routes such as Thailand to Hong Kong, China and Taiwan. For example, researchers were surprised to learn there was poaching in European waters and that different species of seahorse are showing up in unusual trade routes, said Sarah Foster, who holds a PhD in resource management and is the program leader with Project Seahorse at UBC's Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries. 'One of the most interesting seizures that we uncovered was in Vietnam, coming from Peru. But when the Vietnamese authorities did species ID on the seahorses it turned out they were a West African seahorse species…so these seahorses had gone through West Africa, Peru, Latin America, and then on their way to Asia,' said Foster. 'This really highlights how complicated some of these trade routes can be, and reinforces the need for strong communication and collaboration between countries to try and figure this out.' The study says China was the main destination for the smuggled seahorses and they were mostly found at airports. Seahorses are used in traditional Chinese medicine, where are they are usually dried and added to tea as cures for pain, impotence and infertility and asthma, among other ailments. They are also sold as souvenirs and traded to aquariums. 'We're not in a position of questioning the validity of traditional Chinese medicine,' said Foster. 'It's more that if they are going to be used, just like anything else, it should be sustainable.' She said her team has spoken with traditional medicine traders in Hong Kong, who agree that to ensure access to seahorses in the future there must be sustainable practices now. While there is an international legal trade, researchers found that the illegal market is much more prevalent because anyone who applies for a legal permit must prove the trade is sustainable. This is difficult to do given many species of seahorse are endangered. The seahorse is protected under CITES, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, an agreement among 184 countries, including Canada and European Union. In Canada, the Canada Border Services Agency enforces CITES regulations. Rebecca Purdy, a spokesperson for CBSA, could not provide the data on illegal seahorse seizures in Canada by deadline Thursday, however she said the information would be provided at a later date. Foster said Canada didn't come up in the team's study as a concern but that doesn't mean the illegal trade isn't happening here as well. 'Not all illegal trade gets intercepted and not all that gets intercepted goes reported,' she said, adding there is a demand for the consumption of seahorse in Canada. 'This should raise flags for Canadian authorities, that they need to be paying attention to make sure that those seahorses have been imported legally and sustainably.' The team analyzed 297 seizure records from 2010 to 2021 and recorded the number of seahorses seized, the value, and trade routes. What they found was that seahorses are often seized with other illegally traded products such as elephant ivory. Policing the illegal trade is difficult because many of the seahorses are caught accidentally, in trawl nets that dredge the ocean floor for fish. Foster said of the 46 known species of seahorse, 14 are considered to be threatened with extinction, mostly because of trawling and trade. 'When you ask people to think of the ocean the first thing they often think about is this blue expanse or sitting on the beach. They don't picture the wildlife that's underneath,' she said. Foster hopes to change that with her research. She's a strong advocate of banning trawling, or at least banning it in sensitive seahorse habitats. 'Imagine a bulldozer coming through and just taking it all down,' she said. 'The fact that bottom trawling is a massive problem isn't new, but being able to really connect people with it, I think, is going to be a game changer.' Foster said seahorses feed on zooplankton and are important predators in the ecosystem. They don't have stomachs so they have to eat a lot in order to meet their energy requirements. The study concludes that more enforcement and consequences are required in many countries to crack down on smuggling seahorses. ticrawford@
Gulf Today
18-03-2025
- Business
- Gulf Today
Could Donald Trump's tariffs cause a recession?
Sarah Foster, Tribune News Service Investors are growing increasingly concerned that President Donald Trump's tariff policies and federal layoffs could spark a US recession. An even bigger worry is that the Federal Reserve might not be able to do much about it. Officials on the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) are set to discuss at their March 18-19 rate-setting meeting what more can be done — if anything — to control inflation and rescue a slowing economy within an increasingly volatile economic and political environment. In a matter of weeks, Trump's post-election effect on the stock market has gone from 'bump' to 'slump.' Americans' investment accounts have been getting pummeled, with the S&P 500 dropping more than 8% from its all-time high on Feb. 19. The tech-focused Nasdaq Composite Index plunged 4% alone on March 10, its worst day of trading since 2022. A measure of volatility within financial markets, meanwhile, spiked to the highest since August, reflecting investors' struggles to parse through Trump's stop-and-go tariff hikes. To be sure, policymakers are almost certainly expected to leave borrowing costs alone this week. The Fed's chief central banker said as much in his final public comments before the committee's March meeting. 'Despite elevated levels of uncertainty, the US economy continues to be in a good place,' Fed Chair Jerome Powell said at an event hosted by the University of Chicago on March 7. 'We do not need to be in a hurry and are well positioned to wait for greater clarity.' Investors and consumers, though, will likely be looking for clues about what the FOMC expects to do the rest of the year. Along with its rate decision, the committee will also update its projections for economic growth, inflation, the job market and interest rates. The stakes couldn't be higher for an economy still battered by post-pandemic inflation. In addition to weighing on economic growth, tariffs could also push up prices at a time when price pressures remain elevated. In a Fox News interview earlier in March, Trump didn't deny that his policies could spark a recession and urged Americans to brace for a 'period of transition.' The Trump administration has also signaled that it may press ahead with new tariffs even if they weaken the economy. What do threats of weaker growth and higher inflation mean for the Fed's next moves? Here are the biggest questions facing the US central bank as it decides what to do with the interest rates that influence how much you pay to borrow money. Save the economy from a slowdown or keep inflation in check? Fed officials could be forced to 'choose one over the other' Typically, higher prices and a slower economy are counterintuitive. Inflation usually indicates that the financial system is red-hot, a symptom of wage hikes or too much money chasing too few goods — similar to what happened during the pandemic. They also both require something different from the Fed. The US central bank slashes the price of borrowing money when the financial system might be losing steam and raises interest rates when they want to cool the economy. The rare combination, however, has happened before: in the 1970s and early '80s. Back then, prices soared almost twice as high as they did during the post-pandemic era, while the Fed intentionally inflicted a devastating US recession — at the time, the worst since the Great Depression — to bring price pressures back down. Economists have a term for it that's become a dirty word for the Americans who lived through it: stagflation. 'The combination of policies that we are seeing right now has a real risk of bringing that on,' says Erica Groshen, senior economic adviser at the Cornell University School of Industrial and Labor Relations, who was the former commissioner of the US Bureau of Labor Statistics and vice president of research at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Even St. Louis Fed President Alberto Musalem, who has a vote on interest rates this year, said in public remarks on Feb. 20 that a scenario where inflation rises at the same time the labour market weakens 'must also be considered.' In those circumstances, the Fed's choices — rescuing the labor market or focusing on inflation — aren't easy. Even as forecasts suggest Trump's tariffs could lift prices, though, investors have upped their projections for rate cuts this year. They're currently expecting that the U.S. central bank will reduce borrowing costs by three-quarters of a percentage point in 2025, moves that would bring the Fed's key borrowing benchmark to 3.5%-3.75%, according to CME Group's FedWatch tool. The 30-year fixed mortgage rate has already plummeted as Treasury yields reflect the possibility of lower rates, according to Bankrate's weekly survey of interest rates. Tariffs could weigh on economic growth because they often lead to supply shortages, as companies attempt to reroute their supply changes. They also make production more expensive, weakening company profitability. Case in point: The Fed reduced borrowing costs three times in 2019, in part because Trump's smaller-scale, first-term trade war injected a new layer of uncertainty about the pace of future economic growth. Even if Trump stands down on some of his toughest tariff hikes, some damage might already be done, according to Mike Skordeles, head of U.S. economics at Truist. Unsure of what the future may hold, Skordeles' business contacts have been telling him that they're hesitant to make new investments or hire more workers right now. 'When they don't know from day to day whether this tariff is being delayed or that one is definitely going to happen, tomorrow it gets delayed again, it causes a lot of uncertainty, much like for the Fed,' Skordeles says. 'Businesses say, 'I might as well sit and wait.' Sitting and waiting is not pro-growth.' One indication of extra uncertainty: Businesses stockpiling on imports to get ahead of tariffs caused a key model predicting economic growth from the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta to plunge in late February. Another reason to err on the side of rescuing the economy, federal layoffs — which hit almost 63,000 last month, according to the latest data from Challenger, Gray & Christmas — could lead to job losses in the private sector, Groshen says. That could also weigh on consumer spending, keeping downward pressure on inflation, too. 'It can affect whole neighborhoods where you have concentrations of government workers,' Groshen says. 'Some of the laid-off people are going to find other jobs quickly and others won't.' Typically, economists say tariff hikes are a one-time price increase — not an inflationary spiral. Trump's 25% tariffs on goods from Canada and Mexico, as well as 20% tariffs on goods from China, could increase price levels by 1%-1.2%, translating to an average cost per household of $1,600 and $2,000, according to the Yale Budget Lab's latest estimates. 'A tariff-induced bump in inflation, which is at the root of the concern for consumers and businesses, isn't by itself going to produce the type of trend that the Fed is most concerned about,' McBride says. 'It probably does more to slow growth than it does to contribute to persistent acceleration of inflation pressures.' Even so, Fed officials might find it troubling if tariffs become ingrained in the psychology of investors and everyday people. Guided by their experiences in the '70s and '80s, Fed Chair Jerome Powell & Co. subscribe to an economic theory that expectations of sharper inflation can often become a self-fulfilling prophecy.
