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New Straits Times
29-05-2025
- Health
- New Straits Times
Sustainable path for rare disease medicine access
ACCESS to innovative medicines remains a challenge in Malaysia's public healthcare sector. As of March 2023, the Health Ministry identified nearly 500 rare diseases, yet many patients still struggle to receive proper treatment. A study by the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Universiti Sains Malaysia and Universiti Malaya Medical Centre found that only 60 per cent of rare disease patients in Malaysia receive treatment. This alarming statistic highlights the urgent need for a unified approach, involving public-private collaboration and the adoption of progressive access models to ensure affordability and long-term sustainability. It is equally important for the ministry to explore new treatment access strategies to guarantee equitable healthcare for all, including those living with rare diseases. Building on Progress in Medicine Access The ministry has made strides in improving medicine access, particularly with the introduction of the Medicines Access Scheme (MASc) guideline. This framework provides a cleargovernance structure for the application, evaluation, and approval of Patient Assistance Schemes (PASc), effectively addressing longstanding administrative challenges. In the past, PASc's implementation was hindered by concerns over the ethical implications of free-of-charge (FOC) stock provisions tied to medicine purchases. With these regulatory uncertainties now resolved, patients can benefit from a more structured and reliable pathway to access essential treatments, reducing reliance on out-of-pocket expenses or external funding sources. Malaysia has made steady progress in advancing treatment options for rare diseases, including the approval of several disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in recent years. Building on this foundation, the country recently reached a major milestone with the approval of its first gene therapy for SMA, signalling Malaysia's entry into the era of high-value, transformative medicines. Gene therapy presents a new frontier for SMA management, offering the potential for improved prognosis and enhanced quality of life. Clinical studies for SMA DMT have demonstrated unprecedented improvements in survival, reduced dependence on nutritional and respiratory support, and the achievement and maintenance of key motor milestones such as sitting, standing, and walking - outcomes rarely seen in the natural progression of the disease. These findings underscore the broad impact of gene therapy beyond symptomatic relief, offering meaningful functional gains for individuals living with SMA. However, long-term accessibility requires more than just expanding healthcare coverage. To fully realise the benefits of these groundbreaking treatments, Malaysia must establish sustainable access models to ensure that patients can accessthese life-changing treatments without barriers. Sustainable Solution: Innovative Access Models Globally, healthcare systems are adopting progressive access frameworks to address the rising cost of innovative treatments. Outcome-based and pay-for-performance models have gained traction for high-cost conditions, as they align payment with real-world effectiveness and protect public budgets from unwarranted expenditures. For example, Argentina established a dedicated reimbursement fund for SMA in 2023, managed through the National Commission for Evaluation of Health Technologies. This centralised, expert-led mechanism assesses treatment eligibility on a case-by-case basis, promoting governance, transparency, and equitable distribution. A similar fund in Malaysia - anchored in expert oversight and transparent eligibility criteria - could support equitable access to treatment for rare disease patients. In Australia, a unique payer licence agreement was developed to enable universal access to hepatitis C treatment while capping the government's annual reimbursement liability. This budget-certain model offers a relevant blueprint for Malaysia in managing newer, high-cost rare disease therapies. Applying such models to orphan diseases could create opportunities to scale access without exceeding fiscal constraints. Malaysia has also seen success through the Malaysia Patient Assistance Program (MyPAP), which enabled universal access to medicines for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients via cost-sharing among the government and pharmaceutical partners. Building on this model, supported by philanthropic or CSR contributions, could unlock access for conditions where treatment affordability remains a barrier. Countries such as Taiwan and Brazil have further advanced outcome-based reimbursement by tying treatment payment to long-term clinical milestones. In Taiwan, SMA gene therapy is reimbursed via a structured agreement that incorporates expert panel reviews, milestone assessments, and extended monitoring over a decade. Brazil's system similarly connects staged payments to patient progress. These frameworks not only safeguard public investment but also prioritise treatment effectiveness, offering valuable direction for the ministry's Pharmaceutical Services Programme (PSP) and public payers seeking to manage high-value therapy access responsibly. Public-Private Collaboration: The Way Forward As advanced therapies become more widely available, financial aid programs alone are insufficient. Malaysia must establish a comprehensive framework that ties funding to patient outcomes, integrating structured reimbursement models, outcome-based agreements, and risk-sharing frameworks. Strong public-private collaboration will be crucial to implementing these strategies effectively, with each stakeholder playing a vital role in expanding access. While the government ensures regulatory oversight and sustainable reimbursement structures, private stakeholders contribute to financing and delivering these therapies, creating a more balanced and efficient system. Although the ministry has made progress in improving governance through the MASc guideline, deeper engagement with private stakeholders - including pharmaceutical companies, insurers and non-governmental organisations - is critical for developing tailored financing mechanisms. Building on this progress, the MASc can be expanded to include flexible access schemes, such as outcome-based models, which link reimbursement to patient health outcomes. This approach would align payment structures with treatment effectiveness, ensuring patients receive the most appropriate therapies. Strengthening these collaborations will empower Malaysia to implement sustainable access solutions that improve treatment affordability, optimize healthcare spending, and position the country as a regional hub for investment in life sciences. Seizing the Opportunity for Change The RM25 million allocation for rare disease treatment in Budget 2025 presents a crucial opportunity to pilot new financing structures. By adopting a proven access model and fostering transparent collaboration across sectors, Malaysia can take meaningful steps toward bridging the treatment gap for rare disease patients, ensuring timely access to life-saving therapies. Without a proactive approach, thousands of patients risk being left without the life-saving treatments they desperately need. Ensuring access to high-value medicines is not just a healthcare challenge, but a moral imperative. The time for action is now. Malaysia must seize this moment to build a more inclusive, patient-centred healthcare system, especiallyfor the benefit of those suffering from rare diseases. *The writer is the managing director of Datametrics Research and Information Centre Sdn Bhd.
India Today
23-04-2025
- Health
- India Today
What are stem cells and why are they a lifesaving cure for blood cancer?
Stem cell transplants have emerged as a vital treatment option, and often the only cure, for many patients battling blood cancers such as leukemia, lymphoma, and cells are often described as the body's master cells. These cells have the unique ability to develop into various types of cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, all of which are essential for the context of blood cancers, stem cells play a particularly critical role, not just in treatment but in offering a real shot at survival. "Stem cells are the parent cells of all blood cells in the body," explained Dr. Gopinath, Hemato-Oncologist at MGM Cancer Institute, Chennai. "They produce red blood cells that carry oxygen, white blood cells that fight infections, and platelets that help in clotting. They also support tissue healing and fight inflammation," he STEM CELLS HELP TREAT BLOOD CANCERBlood cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma typically start in the bone marrow, the very place where stem cells live and produce healthy blood cells. Blood cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma typically start in the bone marrow, the very place where stem cells live and produce healthy blood cells. () advertisementTreatments like chemotherapy and radiation aim to kill cancer cells in the marrow but often end up damaging healthy cells too, wiping out the patient's ability to produce new blood."In such cases, we match a donor and infuse their healthy stem cells into the patient. These donor cells not only regenerate the patient's blood system but also help destroy any remaining cancer cells, a phenomenon known as the 'graft-versus-leukemia' effect," said Dr. to experts, stem cell donation is often the only curative option for patients with aggressive or relapsed blood cancers. Patients who cannot use their own cells, particularly when their marrow is cancerous, rely entirely on where matching stem cell registries and volunteers step in.'Stem cell donation helps rebuild a healthy immune system after intense cancer treatments. It allows doctors to use high-dose chemo or radiation safely, knowing that healthy stem cells can restore the blood system afterward,' said Dr. Deepak Kumar, Associate Professor at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini Kumar added that bone marrow transplants, a form of stem cell therapy, have long been used to treat blood-related diseases."In addition to blood cancers, stem cells are also being explored in areas like spinal cord repair, osteoarthritis, and even diabetes research. Their regenerative potential is immense," he said. Bone marrow transplants, a form of stem cell therapy, have long been used to treat blood-related diseases. () Two years ago, 25-year-old Abdul Khader from Calicut paused his Ramadan fast to donate stem cells, a decision that saved a life and brought new hope to a had registered as a potential donor with DKMS Foundation India in 2018. In 2022, he was found to be a match for a 50-year-old man in Kochi suffering from myelofibrosis, a rare blood cancer where scar tissue builds up in the bone marrow, making it difficult to produce healthy blood it being Ramadan, Abdul understood the urgency. "Saving a life is the ultimate gift,' he said. 'I knew I had to do it. I can always make up my fast later, but this person needed help immediately.'Today, Abdul received the joyous news that the patient is cancer-free and living a healthy life with his is often only treatable through stem cell transplants,' said Dr. Neeraj Sidharthan, Hemato-Oncologist at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, who treated the patient. In the context of blood cancers, stem cells play a particularly critical role, not just in treatment but in offering a real shot at survival. () "In such procedures, healthy stem cells from a donor are infused into the patient to help resume normal blood production. Matching donors like Abdul are critical to the success of this treatment," added Dr. the blood stem cell transplant process Dr Sidharthan said, 'In a stem cell transplantation, healthy blood stem cells from a matching donor are infused into the patient to help resume healthy blood production. The best stem cell transplant outcomes happen when a patient's human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and the HLA of a potential donor match. This is much more complex than matching blood groups."About 30% of patients find an HLA-matched donor within the family. However, the rest, 70 % of the patients, can do a half-matched transplant or look for an unrelated donor with matched HLA."advertisementStem cells offer more than just medical treatment, they offer hope. For many battling blood cancers, a matched donor can mean the difference between life and science continues to harness the regenerative power of stem cells, the role of voluntary donors becomes even more vital for Reel
