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Yahoo
10-05-2025
- Automotive
- Yahoo
These 10 outlawed tech innovations rocked F1
Formula 1 races are won on the track, but the groundwork to creating a winning machine kicks off months before lights go out on a grand prix weekend. In the buildup to every new season, designers and engineers pore over the rules in search of loopholes – ones they can exploit in the name of speed. The advances sometimes go a step beyond finding a gap in the regulations, and become a break in the rules. When that happens, whether the innovation is winning races or proving to be a safety hazard, it can be outlawed by F1's governing body, the FIA. Advertisement This can mean that entire cars are outlawed from entering F1 races or, on other occasions, teams have to re-engineer their machines to comply. But just what kind of technical wizardry has Formula 1 outlawed in its 75-year history? Well, these are 10 of the most high-profile innovations that have been banned from F1. Brabham BT46B - 'The Fan Car' From the front, Brabham's BT46B looks almost like any other 1970s Formula 1 car: it's got a low profile, wide stance and a rudimentary wing at each end. One aspect of the car that was far from rudimentary, however, was the enormous fan that was engineered into the car to increase downforce. Advertisement 'The Fan Car', as it was affectionately known, made its F1 debut at the 1978 Swedish Grand Prix in Anderstorp. To aid performance, Brabham engineers connected a fan directly to the car's gearbox using a complex array of clutches. This diverted around 30hp from the engine to the fan, which then sucked air out from beneath the floor of the car. The idea proved successful, and the extra downforce that was created by the spinning fan helped Niki Lauda to a race win in Sweden. However, Brabham decided to withdraw it from competition for the remainder of the season. The car wasn't actually banned from F1 following its first race, but a regulation change in 1979 meant that it would have been outlawed from the following year. Patrick Depailler, Tyrrell P34 Ford Patrick Depailler, Tyrrell P34 Ford Rainer W. Schlegelmilch / Motorsport Images Rainer W. Schlegelmilch / Motorsport Images Advertisement The thinking was that having four wheels at the front instead of two would increase the contact patch with the track, aiding traction in the corners and helping with braking performance. Sure, pitstops would take longer with an extra pair of tyres to change, but that could be offset by the on-track gains. The theory worked, and Patrick Depailler qualified third on the P34's first outing at the 1976 Spanish Grand Prix at Jarama. He went on to suffer a braking issue that meant he didn't finish the race, but two weeks later the P34 helped Jody Scheckter to fourth in Belgium. The car even managed a single race win and got its drivers onto the podium on 14 occasions. The novel design was short-lived, however, as development of the mini tyres essential for the front wheels was cut by Goodyear and the special rubber became scarce by the end of the 1977 season. What's more, a technical directive in the 1980s meant that Formula 1 cars could only use four wheels – no more, no less. Active suspension In the early 1990s, teams had moved on from analogue upgrades to focus on more high-tech improvements, like active suspension, which brought powered components to F1 cars to monitor and change the suspension while drivers traversed a track in order to maximise grip and performance. Advertisement Lotus was, once again, an early pioneer in this space and the first victory for a car with active suspension was in 1987 when Ayrton Senna won the Monaco Grand Prix for Lotus. The tech reached its heyday in the 1990s, however, when cars were able to automatically adjust the ride height at all four corners in order to maintain a flat and stable position. The big advantage of the tech was that it provided a more stable aero platform, which gave engineers a better understanding of how they could maximise the performance from their cars. This, coupled with other innovations of the time, meant that speeds quickly rose and lap times plummeted. However, the added complexities and costs associated with active suspension led to its demise and it was outlawed in Formula 1 from the 1994 season. Mass dampers Fernando Alonso, Renault F1 Team R25 Fernando Alonso, Renault F1 Team R25 Sutton Images Sutton Images Advertisement These days tuned mass dampers are used in super-tall skyscrapers, to help cope with strong winds, and top-tier mountain bikes, where they smooth out bumps on a gnarly downhill track. But, in the mid-2000s, these sprung masses were initially used to great effect in Formula 1. A tuned mass damper is a weight that's held in position inside a tube and has a spring at either end. This simple creation moves against an interference to offset it, so in tall buildings it helps stop the sway in a strong breeze and in F1 it helps improve stability. The humble device was used by Renault in its 2005 R25 Formula 1 car, with the team initially installing a sprung 10kg mass in the car before realising that the amount of weight required could be tuned for each track it visited. The additional weight proved effective, as it was said to give drivers Fernando Alonso and Giancarlo Fisichella more confidence. It was also said to be worth as much as a second a lap in terms of performance on some tracks. The system faced a protest following the 2006 German GP, and Renault opted to run its cars without the device from then on to avoid disqualification. In a later hearing at the court of appeal, the mass damper was outlawed by the FIA, which deemed that it was a device that aimed to 'markedly improve the car's aerodynamic output.' Double diffuser With any overhaul in regulations in Formula 1, there's always a chance that one team will find a loophole that lets them maximise performance. When new rules came into force in 2009 to try and cut the amount of downforce produced by F1 cars, the double diffuser exercised one such loophole. Advertisement The double diffuser was a device deployed by teams including Brawn GP, Toyota and Honda – but the former managed to maximise the effectiveness of the aerodynamic device. It created channels in the rear diffuser to maximise its surface area without exceeding the dimensions stated in the regulations. Why The Double Diffuser Was (Down)Forced Out Of F1 Why The Double Diffuser Was (Down)Forced Out Of F1 Andrew Ferraro / Motorsport Images Andrew Ferraro / Motorsport Images Do you know what's better than one DRS? Two. At least, that's what Mercedes thought with the novel front wing design it deployed in 2011 and then refined in 2012. For 2011, a creation dubbed the W-duct sought to have a similar impact on the front wing as the F-duct had on the rear. Namely, it redirected the airflow to stall the front wing and cut downforce to aid top speed. Advertisement This system was refined in 2012 and comprised pipework that ran through the car from the front wing to the rear to stall both wings and cut drag produced by the car. Teams subsequently sought to outlaw the creation, as implementing it themselves meant finding space in their cars to weave pipework from front to rear. What's more, the device turned out to be a hinderance to the Mercedes team in its own front wing development. That's because the innovation came about when teams up and down the grid were pushing the flexibility of their wings to the extreme, and Mercedes wasn't able to capitalise on this due to the construction of its own wings. Despite some teams also working to implement double DRS systems of their own, the innovation was outlawed for the 2013 season. DAS system After winning six constructors' crowns on the bounce, Mercedes was in a league of its own come 2020 and was all about refining its dominant machinery. So, for 2020, the German manufacturer rolled out a unique steering system that sought to further increase the gap to the competition. Advertisement Watch: Mercedes' moving steering wheel: What is DAS and how does it work? The innovation was spotted in pre-season testing when drivers Lewis Hamilton and Valtteri Bottes were seen pulling on their steering wheels, as well as twisting it left and right to turn the wheels. Pulling the wheel, it turned out, altered the alignment of the front wheels, which would change the contact patch between the tyre and the road. Uses for the system ranged from aiding tyre warmup following a safety car period to enhancing mechanical grip to improve cornering performance. Mercedes was permitted to run the system for the 2020 season, but the FIA moved to outlaw the setup from 2021, which put other teams off deploying systems of their own. Flexi wings – 2024 The latest controversy to rock Formula 1 has been flexible wings. Wings at the front and rear of Formula 1 machinery have been seen flexing under load, which means their profile reduces at speed and a reduction in drag. Advertisement Flexible wings have been an issue in F1 for years but the FIA is attempting to clamp down on them more than ever right now. A technical directive rolled out in 2024 sought to reduce the permitted flex in wings and implemented tougher tests on wing flexibility. A further technical directive due to hit the grid at the Spanish Grand Prix will further clamp down on flexible wings in F1. From the Spanish race, teams will only be permitted to have front wings that can flex by 10mm when under load. Additionally, the flex on the slot gaps on rear wings must be no greater than 0.5mm once the technical directive comes into force. To read more articles visit our website.
Yahoo
06-03-2025
- Automotive
- Yahoo
Bernie Ecclestone sells £500m private car collection to Red Bull billionaire
Bernie Ecclestone has sold his entire collection of historic grand prix and Formula One cars – 69 cars valued at an estimated £500 million – to the billionaire son of Red Bull founder Dietrich Mateschitz. Austrian Mark Mateschitz, 32, who inherited 49 per cent of the world's largest energy drink manufacturer following his father's death in October 2022, said he would make the collection accessible to the public 'in the near future'. It has not been disclosed how much Mateschitz paid for the fleet, which includes Ferraris raced by world champions such as Mike Hawthorn, Niki Lauda, and Michael Schumacher, Brabhams raced by Nelson Piquet, Carlos Pace and Lauda, as well as the one-off Brabham-Alfa Romeo BT46B 'fan car', which raced only once, winning the Swedish Grand Prix at Anderstorp in 1978. Tom Hartley Jnr, who handled the sale, told Telegraph Sport on Thursday that it was 'by several multiples the biggest sale price ever achieved for a classic car collection'. Ecclestone, 94, announced late last year that he was putting the collection, which he has acquired over the course of 50 years, up for sale. His decision to sell came after he pleaded guilty in 2023 to fraud, having failed to declare a trust that held assets worth more than £416 million. Prosecutors told Southwark Crown Court that he would pay a record £652 million to HM Revenue and Customs, while he was given a suspended jail sentence of 17 months. But in a recent interview with Telegraph Sport, Ecclestone insisted this played no part in his willingness to sell off the family silver. 'It's very easy,' said the former F1 supremo, who now lives in Gstaad, Switzerland with wife Fabiana, 48, and four-year-old son Ace. 'With a bit of luck I might get two or three more years. And I don't want to leave all this for Fabiana to sort. All these car dealers would be driving her mad. So the best thing to do is to get all the cars together and try to make sure they go to proper homes. Ace might not be interested in handling all this either. He might be more into football. Sooner or later, this had to happen. I'm still more or less in control, so I can do what I like. Maybe in another year I won't be able to.' Hartley Jnr said there had been interest from all over the world, including from two sovereign wealth funds. Ecclestone indicated to Telegraph Sport in the same interview that one of the nation states interested was Saudi Arabia. 'When we put the cars up for sale before Christmas I don't think we could have anticipated how much interest there would be,' Hartley Jnr said. 'It's been utterly incredible. We received offers from all over the world, including from two separate sovereign wealth funds. But I do feel the collection has gone to the best home, and to the buyer which Bernie most favoured. He added: 'The buyer moved extremely quickly. We spoke with him before Christmas, he flew over, we showed him the cars and he was very, very excited. He was definitely a favoured buyer of Bernie's. 'There has never been a transaction in the collectors' car world that even comes close to this. By several multiples it is the biggest sale price ever achieved. 'Being involved in the sale was a real privilege. Although it came together quickly in the end, the process took years –researching every chassis, the race history of each car, going over to Ferrari and digging into their archives and so on. 'Bernie deserves great credit and gratitude, for not going down the traditional auction route. When you put a car up for auction it is open to so many elements. The stock market could crash the day before, the market could be volatile. Bernie gave us a mandate to sell, but did not impose a time limit. I think we achieved the best result we could.' Ecclestone told the Daily Mail he was delighted that the collection would be going to the only son of a close personal friend. 'It means a great deal to me to know that this collection is now in the very best of hands,' Ecclestone said. 'Mark is the best and most worthy owner we could ever imagine.' Mateschitz, who succeeded his father on his death in October 2022, added: 'I am very pleased that Bernie has placed his trust in me to take care of this historically significant collection. 'It will be carefully preserved, expanded over the years, and in the near future it will be made accessible to the public at an appropriate location.' Asked where he thought the collection would be exhibited, Hartley Jnr added: 'I imagine it will probably be in Austria.' Broaden your horizons with award-winning British journalism. Try The Telegraph free for 1 month with unlimited access to our award-winning website, exclusive app, money-saving offers and more.
