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Time of India
2 days ago
- Health
- Time of India
Safeguarding every bite: The crucial role of World Food Safety Day
Dr (Prof) Sadhana Kala is a USA-trained robotic & laparoscopic surgeon, Uppsala University, Sweden, trained fertility specialist, and 'National Icon Endoscopic Surgeon' of India. University topper and winner of several gold and silver medals and Certificates of Honor and the unique 'Distinction' in medicine in medical college, she is the youngest-ever Professor in any medical college anywhere, and the only-ever gynec Hon Consultant to the Army, Navy and Air Force. FORMER: President Family Welfare Foundation of India (now closed) one of the few UN -accredited NGO since 1997; Member of Central Consumer Protection Council, Government of India, the apex national advisory body on consumer affairs; Advisor, Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India; Member, Advisory Committee, MTNL (Delhi). Awardee of C L Jhaveri and P N Behl Awards of Indian Medical Association for professional excellence. Chief emeritus and currently Sr Consultant gynecologist and laparoscopic surgeon, Moolchan Medcity and Apollo Cradle Hospitals, New Delhi. She is a published-writer on varied topics. Facebook: Twitter: She also writes at LESS ... MORE Every year on June 7th, the global community observes World Food Safety Day, a United Nations initiative aimed at raising awareness about the importance of food safety and inspiring action to prevent, detect, and manage foodborne risks. With the theme for 2025 being 'Food Safety: Prepare for the Unexpected,' this year's commemoration focuses on enhancing the resilience of food safety systems in the face of emergencies, whether caused by natural disasters, economic crises, or global pandemics. World Food Safety Day, established in 2018 by the United Nations General Assembly and led jointly by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), underscores that food safety is everyone's business—from farm to fork. With 600 million cases of foodborne illnesses annually, the stakes are high. This article delves into the significance of World Food Safety Day, the current global challenges, and the shared responsibility in ensuring that the food we eat is safe. The Global Burden of Unsafe Food Unsafe food is a silent epidemic. According to WHO, 1 in 10 people worldwide fall ill after consuming contaminated food, and an estimated 420,000 die every year. The most vulnerable are children under five, who account for 40% of the foodborne disease burden, resulting in 125,000 deaths annually. Foodborne illnesses can be caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, or chemical substances entering the food chain. Common culprits include Salmonella, E. coli, Listeria, and noroviruses. In low- and middle-income countries, poor infrastructure, lack of awareness, and weak regulatory systems often exacerbate the problem, turning preventable health risks into deadly threats. But food safety is not only a health issue—it is an economic and social one. Unsafe food restricts global trade, reduces productivity, and places a burden on healthcare systems. The World Bank estimates that foodborne illnesses cost low- and middle-income economies around $95 billion a year in lost productivity. Why Food Safety Matters More Than Ever In an increasingly globalized food system, ingredients and final products cross multiple borders before reaching consumers. A fruit snack made in one country might contain nuts from another, sweeteners from a third, and be packaged in a fourth. This global complexity, while economically efficient, introduces many opportunities for contamination or error. Furthermore, climate change has intensified the challenge. Rising temperatures and shifting weather patterns can promote the spread of foodborne pathogens and mycotoxins. Insects, pests, and fungal diseases are also on the rise, threatening the integrity of crops and food supply chains. The COVID-19 pandemic was another stark reminder of the vulnerability of food systems. Though not a foodborne virus, the pandemic disrupted food processing, transport, and retail systems. It highlighted the importance of emergency preparedness, supply chain traceability, and public communication during health crises—all crucial themes for this year's observance. 2025 Theme: 'Food Safety: Prepare for the Unexpected' The 2025 theme highlights the need for resilient food safety systems that can withstand unexpected challenges, including natural disasters, pandemics, cyberattacks, and supply chain disruptions. Emergencies can disrupt food production and inspection processes, compromise cold chains, and overwhelm regulatory agencies, potentially leading to significant food safety issues. Whether it's a power outage that spoils stored meat or a flood contaminating water sources used in irrigation, being prepared is key. Governments and businesses are encouraged to invest in: Risk-based inspection systems Data-sharing platforms for real-time alerts Public education campaigns Robust traceability systems Contingency planning and crisis simulations As the FAO aptly puts it: 'Safe food allows for the uptake of nutrients and promotes long-term human development.' Preparedness ensures that this fundamental right is not interrupted, even in times of crisis. The Five Keys to Safer Food The WHO promotes a set of practical principles known as the 'Five Keys to Safer Food', which are crucial for food handlers at every level—from household kitchens to commercial processors: Keep Clean: Wash hands, surfaces, and equipment frequently. Separate Raw and Cooked Foods: Prevent cross-contamination by using separate utensils and storage. Cook Thoroughly: Ensure the food reaches a safe internal temperature. Keep Food at Safe Temperatures: Avoid the 'danger zone' (4°C–60°C) where bacteria multiply rapidly. Use Safe Water and Raw Materials: Select fresh, wholesome ingredients and ensure the quality of the water used. These five principles are deceptively simple, yet their consistent application can prevent many foodborne illnesses worldwide. Food Safety Across the Supply Chain Farmers and Producers: Food safety starts at the source. Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs), pesticide management, clean water for irrigation, and animal health monitoring all contribute to the production of safe food and livestock. Processors and Manufacturers: The food industry must implement Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) systems to identify potential risks and take preventative measures. Distributors and Retailers: Maintaining a cold chain, proper labeling, and ensuring hygiene in storage areas are essential for preserving food safety. Consumers: From washing produce to storing leftovers properly, individuals have a role to play. World Food Safety Day serves as a call to action for all to be informed and vigilant. Food Safety and the Sustainable Development Goals Food safety intersects directly with several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 2: Zero Hunger – Access to safe food is a key component of food security. SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being – Reducing foodborne illnesses contributes to better public health. SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production – Promotes sustainable food practices across the supply chain. SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals – Achieving food safety requires cooperation among nations, sectors, and communities. Without safe food, no country can achieve food security or improved nutrition, essential pillars of sustainable development. Innovations in Food Safety As the world grapples with new challenges, technology is playing an increasingly pivotal role in enhancing food safety: Blockchain allows transparent tracking of food items from origin to shelf, enabling faster recalls when issues arise. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning help predict contamination patterns and optimize inspection processes. Biosensors and innovative packaging provide real-time monitoring of spoilage or bacterial presence. Drones and satellite imaging help monitor agricultural practices and ensure water safety. These innovations, while not a substitute for regulation or training, offer exciting tools to augment our food safety systems. Shared Responsibility: A Call to Action World Food Safety Day is not merely symbolic—it is a call to action for all stakeholders. Governments must enact and enforce science-based regulations. Industries must prioritize safety, transparency, and training. Academic institutions should lead research and develop safer production methods. Media must communicate risks and best practices effectively. Consumers must stay informed and take individual responsibility. As Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General, once noted: 'There is no food security without food safety.' Conclusion In a world of over 8 billion people, food safety might seem like an invisible issue—until it fails. A single lapse can lead to widespread illness, economic damage, and even loss of life. But when it works, food safety quietly supports health, trade, development, and peace. World Food Safety Day serves as a reminder that vigilance, preparedness, and cooperation are essential. Whether you're a policymaker in a capital city, a farmer in a rural village, or a parent preparing dinner, your actions matter. Safe food saves lives, and it starts with each of us. Let us mark this year's World Food Safety Day by renewing our commitment to protecting the world's food supply—for today, and for generations to come. Facebook Twitter Linkedin Email Disclaimer Views expressed above are the author's own.
Time of India
17-05-2025
- Health
- Time of India
Tackling the silent killer: A call to action on world hypertension day
Dr (Prof) Sadhana Kala is a USA-trained robotic & laparoscopic surgeon, Uppsala University, Sweden, trained fertility specialist, and 'National Icon Endoscopic Surgeon' of India. University topper and winner of several gold and silver medals and Certificates of Honor and the unique 'Distinction' in medicine in medical college, she is the youngest-ever Professor in any medical college anywhere, and the only-ever gynec Hon Consultant to the Army, Navy and Air Force. FORMER: President Family Welfare Foundation of India (now closed) one of the few UN -accredited NGO since 1997; Member of Central Consumer Protection Council, Government of India, the apex national advisory body on consumer affairs; Advisor, Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India; Member, Advisory Committee, MTNL (Delhi). Awardee of C L Jhaveri and P N Behl Awards of Indian Medical Association for professional excellence. Chief emeritus and currently Sr Consultant gynecologist and laparoscopic surgeon, Moolchan Medcity and Apollo Cradle Hospitals, New Delhi. She is a published-writer on varied topics. Facebook: Twitter: She also writes at LESS ... MORE Every year on May 17, health organizations and communities worldwide observe World Hypertension Day—an essential initiative aimed at raising awareness about high blood pressure, often referred to as the 'silent killer.' This year's theme, 'Measure Your Blood Pressure Accurately, Control It, Live Longer,' is a stark reminder that prevention, early detection, and effective management of hypertension are not only possible but vital for public health. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, may not manifest obvious symptoms, but its impact is far from silent. It is a significant risk factor for heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and even blindness. As global lifestyles evolve—marked by increased stress, sedentary habits, and processed diets—so too does the prevalence of hypertension, making it one of the most pressing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. Understanding hypertension: More than just numbers Blood pressure is measured using two readings: systolic (the top number, indicating the pressure in arteries when the heart beats) and diastolic (the bottom number, representing pressure when the heart rests between beats). A normal reading is typically around 120/80 mmHg. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), hypertension is diagnosed when readings consistently exceed 140/90 mmHg. What makes hypertension particularly dangerous is its lack of early symptoms. Many individuals live with the condition for years without realizing it, until it causes a life-threatening event such as a heart attack or stroke. This is why routine screening and accurate measurement are central to this year's World Hypertension Day campaign. Global Burden Hypertension affects an estimated 1.28 billion adults worldwide, according to World Health Organization (WHO) data. Alarmingly, about 46% of adults with hypertension are unaware of their condition, and only one in five have it under control. Low- and middle-income countries are particularly vulnerable. These regions often lack access to routine healthcare, affordable medications, and public health education, making detection and treatment challenging. At the same time, urbanization, changes in diet, and rising obesity rates have all contributed to a surge in hypertension cases. The condition does not discriminate based on geography or social status—it affects both young and old, as well as urban and rural populations. However, the burden is disproportionately higher in populations where awareness and access to healthcare are limited. Why Accurate Measurement Matters The cornerstone of hypertension management is accurate blood pressure monitoring. Inaccurate readings—resulting from improper technique, substandard equipment, or irregular monitoring schedules—can lead to misdiagnosis and inadequate treatment. The World Hypertension League (WHL), which spearheads World Hypertension Day, stresses the importance of training healthcare workers and individuals on how to measure blood pressure correctly. This includes: Ensuring the patient is seated and relaxed Using the right cuff size Taking multiple readings for accuracy Avoiding caffeine, exercise, or smoking 30 minutes before measurement With the proliferation of home-use digital blood pressure monitors, the opportunity for self-monitoring has increased. However, these devices must be validated for accuracy, and users must be educated on their proper use. Hypertension and Lifestyle: Modifiable Risk Factors While genetics plays a role, most risk factors for hypertension are lifestyle-related and therefore modifiable. Key contributors include: Poor diet , exceptionally high salt, sugar, and fat intake Physical inactivity Excessive alcohol consumption Tobacco use Chronic stress Obesity A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products, such as the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet, can help lower blood pressure. Regular aerobic exercise, such as walking, cycling, or swimming for at least 150 minutes per week, is also recommended. Public health campaigns must emphasize that small changes in daily habits, such as reducing salt intake or increasing physical activity, can have a significant impact on blood pressure and overall health. The Role of Medication and Adherence For many, lifestyle changes alone may not suffice. Antihypertensive medications are often prescribed to control blood pressure, especially in moderate to severe cases. However, adherence to treatment remains a major hurdle. Many patients stop taking medication when they feel 'normal' or due to side effects, cost, or misinformation. Improving patient education, simplifying drug regimens, and expanding access to affordable medications are critical strategies in ensuring better hypertension control. In some countries, community health workers have successfully helped bridge the gap between diagnosis and treatment adherence, particularly in rural and underserved areas. Children and Young Adults: An Emerging Concern Hypertension is no longer a disease of the elderly. Increasingly, young adults and even adolescents are being diagnosed with high blood pressure. This trend correlates strongly with the rise in childhood obesity, poor dietary habits, excessive screen time, and a lack of physical activity. Schools and universities must become active stakeholders in promoting cardiovascular health, encouraging regular physical activity, and offering balanced meals in cafeterias. Pediatricians and family doctors should incorporate blood pressure checks into routine visits—even for seemingly healthy children. Innovations and Global Efforts Technology is playing an increasing role in managing hypertension. From mobile apps that track readings and medication adherence to telemedicine platforms that allow remote consultations, digital tools are making hypertension care more accessible and personalized. Global partnerships, such as the Resolve to Save Lives initiative, have enabled countries to implement population-wide sodium reduction programs and train healthcare workers in hypertension control. In India, for example, the India Hypertension Control Initiative has demonstrated promising results in improving diagnosis and treatment in primary health centers. Meanwhile, the World Health Organization's HEARTS initiative is supporting countries in implementing standardized protocols for hypertension management, including risk-based treatment strategies and simplified drug regimens. The Power of Awareness: What You Can Do On World Hypertension Day, the most powerful message is empowerment. Individuals, families, communities, and policymakers all play a role in combating this silent threat. Here's how you can contribute: Get your blood pressure checked regularly , even if you feel healthy. Encourage loved ones to know their numbers and act. Adopt healthier lifestyle choices —a little change goes a long way. Educate others about the risks of uncontrolled hypertension. Support policies that promote heart-healthy environments, from reduced sodium in packaged foods to more public spaces for physical activity. Looking Ahead: Building Heart-Healthy Communities Tackling hypertension requires more than individual responsibility—it demands systemic change. Governments must invest in primary healthcare infrastructure, improve access to affordable medications, and implement public health policies that support healthier lifestyles. Food manufacturers should be held accountable for transparent labeling and sodium reduction, while urban planners should prioritize walkable cities and green spaces. In workplaces, employers can contribute by promoting wellness programs, offering stress management resources, and encouraging regular health screenings. Media and influencers also play a crucial role in shaping public perceptions and promoting heart-healthy behaviors. Conclusion World Hypertension Day is not just about awareness—it's about action. With nearly half of hypertensive individuals unaware of their condition, and millions more failing to control it, the time to act is now. Hypertension is preventable, treatable, and manageable. But it requires a collective commitment—by governments, health systems, communities, and individuals—to prioritize cardiovascular health. As we mark another World Hypertension Day, let us remember: Knowing your numbers could save your life. Facebook Twitter Linkedin Email Disclaimer Views expressed above are the author's own.
Time of India
10-05-2025
- Health
- Time of India
Honoring the heart of humanity: Reflections on International Mother's Day
Dr (Prof) Sadhana Kala is a USA-trained robotic & laparoscopic surgeon, Uppsala University, Sweden, trained fertility specialist, and 'National Icon Endoscopic Surgeon' of India. University topper and winner of several gold and silver medals and Certificates of Honor and the unique 'Distinction' in medicine in medical college, she is the youngest-ever Professor in any medical college anywhere, and the only-ever gynec Hon Consultant to the Army, Navy and Air Force. FORMER: President Family Welfare Foundation of India (now closed) one of the few UN -accredited NGO since 1997; Member of Central Consumer Protection Council, Government of India, the apex national advisory body on consumer affairs; Advisor, Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India; Member, Advisory Committee, MTNL (Delhi). Awardee of C L Jhaveri and P N Behl Awards of Indian Medical Association for professional excellence. Chief emeritus and currently Sr Consultant gynecologist and laparoscopic surgeon, Moolchan Medcity and Apollo Cradle Hospitals, New Delhi. She is a published-writer on varied topics. Facebook: Twitter: She also writes at LESS ... MORE Each year, on the second Sunday of May, the world pauses to celebrate a figure whose influence transcends culture, geography, and time: the mother. International Mother's Day is more than a sentimental occasion, or a calendar event marked by flowers and cards—it is a global tribute to the women who shape lives, societies, and futures with patience, love, and resilience. Though the forms of celebration vary from country to country, the day's spirit remains universal. Whether it's a quiet breakfast in bed, a heartfelt phone call, or a community gathering, the core message is simple: recognize and appreciate the immeasurable impact mothers have on our lives and the world. The origins of Mother's Day Modern Mother's Day has its roots in the United States, where Anna Jarvis is widely credited with founding the holiday in the early 20th century. Following her mother's death in 1905, Jarvis campaigned for a day to honor all mothers. Her efforts bore fruit in 1914 when US President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed the second Sunday in May as Mother's Day. However, the idea of honoring motherhood is far older. The ancient Greeks and Romans held festivals in honor of mother goddesses, such as Rhea and Cybele. In the Christian tradition, Mothering Sunday, celebrated on the fourth Sunday in Lent, has long been a day for people to return to their 'mother church' and, by extension, to honor their mothers. Over time, the tradition of Mother's Day spread globally, adapting to local cultures and customs. Today, countries from India to Ethiopia, Japan to Mexico, observe the day in unique ways—each adding their own cultural lens to a shared human experience. A universal symbol of strength and compassion The word 'mother' evokes a robust emotional response. It embodies unconditional love, sacrifice, and an unbreakable bond. From birth and through every phase of life, mothers often serve as our first teachers, protectors, and moral compasses. However, the role of a mother is not defined solely by biology. Across the world, grandmothers, aunts, adoptive mothers, stepmothers, and even older siblings step into this role, offering care, nurturing, and support. In this way, motherhood becomes a universal concept, rooted more in action than in relation. Mothers are also economic pillars in many communities, especially in developing nations. They labor in fields, run businesses, teach classrooms, and lead households—often all at once. Though frequently underappreciated in economic statistics, their contributions are indispensable to societal progress. The challenges of modern motherhood While motherhood is often romanticized, it is essential to acknowledge the profound challenges many mothers face today. Balancing careers with child-rearing, navigating mental and physical health concerns, and confronting societal expectations can place immense pressure on women. The pandemic years highlighted this imbalance starkly. Reports showed that women, particularly mothers, bore the brunt of job losses, homeschooling responsibilities, and emotional labor during the COVID-19 crisis. Even in 2025, the aftershocks continue to affect many mothers' professional and personal lives. Moreover, millions of mothers across the globe confront more severe challenges: poverty, violence, lack of healthcare, and displacement due to war or climate change. According to the UN, complications from pregnancy and childbirth remain a leading cause of death among women in many low-income countries. These statistics serve as a sobering reminder that honoring mothers must extend beyond mere gestures and translate into meaningful action. Celebrating mothers in diverse cultures One of the beautiful aspects of Mother's Day is how it reflects the world's cultural diversity. For instance: In Ethiopia, Mother's Day is celebrated as part of Antrosht, a fall-day festival featuring feasts, storytelling, and singing. In Mexico, Día de las Madres is celebrated on May 10th every year, regardless of the day of the week. Families gather to sing 'Las Mañanitas,' share meals, and give gifts. In Japan, children often give their mothers red carnations, symbolizing purity and gentle strength. In India, while Western-style Mother's Day has become popular, many families honor mothers during religious festivals like Durga Puja, which pays homage to the divine feminine. Though distinct, these traditions all express a common sentiment: deep respect for the women who give life, wisdom, and stability. The power of maternal influence Science continues to affirm what generations have intuitively known: mothers shape not only the emotional but also the cognitive development of children. Early interactions with mothers have a significant impact on brain development, language acquisition, and social-emotional skills. More broadly, maternal figures influence society's moral and ethical framework. They pass down values, such as empathy, fairness, courage, and perseverance, that inform how individuals interact with others and how societies function. Throughout history, countless leaders, artists, and thinkers have credited their success to the teachings and sacrifices of their mothers. From Abraham Lincoln, who famously said, 'All that I am or hope to be, I owe to my angel mother,' to Malala Yousafzai, who draws strength from her mother's quiet determination, the maternal legacy often plays a crucial role in shaping extraordinary lives. The need for policy, not just praise While cards, flowers, and gratitude are meaningful, truly honoring mothers means advocating for systems that support them. This includes: Paid maternity leave and flexible work policies allow mothers to care for their children without sacrificing financial security. Access to quality healthcare, particularly maternal and mental health services. Affordable childcare empowers women to pursue careers and education while ensuring children are safe and nurtured. Legal protections against domestic violence and workplace discrimination. Educational campaigns that challenge outdated gender norms and elevate the status of caregiving work. Countries that invest in family-friendly policies tend to see better outcomes for children, stronger economies, and more equitable societies. In this sense, empowering mothers is not just a moral imperative—it's an innovative social and economic strategy. A day to reflect, remember, and renew International Mother's Day offers us an opportunity to celebrate and reflect. For some, it is a day of joy and togetherness. For others, it is tinged with loss, longing, or complex emotions. Those who have lost mothers, who have strained relationships, or who struggle with infertility or child loss may find this day difficult. It is vital that our understanding of the day be compassionate and inclusive. Honoring motherhood means also recognizing its diversity, struggles, and evolution in a changing world. Conclusion: Carrying the spirit forward As we observe International Mother's Day in 2025, let us remember that the essence of the day is not just a celebration, but also an acknowledgment of the importance of mothers. Acknowledgment of love given freely, burdens carried silently, and futures built from sacrifice. In a world often divided, the mother figure stands as a unifying force. Her story is humanity's story—rooted in care, struggle, hope, and endless giving. This year, as you send your wishes or hold your loved ones close, consider also how you might contribute to a world where all mothers are seen, supported, and celebrated—not just on one day, but every day. Facebook Twitter Linkedin Email Disclaimer Views expressed above are the author's own.
Time of India
02-05-2025
- Health
- Time of India
Celebrating World Press Freedom Day: A pillar of democracy and human rights
Dr (Prof) Sadhana Kala is a USA-trained robotic & laparoscopic surgeon, Uppsala University, Sweden, trained fertility specialist, and 'National Icon Endoscopic Surgeon' of India. University topper and winner of several gold and silver medals and Certificates of Honor and the unique 'Distinction' in medicine in medical college, she is the youngest-ever Professor in any medical college anywhere, and the only-ever gynec Hon Consultant to the Army, Navy and Air Force. FORMER: President Family Welfare Foundation of India (now closed) one of the few UN -accredited NGO since 1997; Member of Central Consumer Protection Council, Government of India, the apex national advisory body on consumer affairs; Advisor, Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India; Member, Advisory Committee, MTNL (Delhi). Awardee of C L Jhaveri and P N Behl Awards of Indian Medical Association for professional excellence. Chief emeritus and currently Sr Consultant gynecologist and laparoscopic surgeon, Moolchan Medcity and Apollo Cradle Hospitals, New Delhi. She is a published-writer on varied topics. Facebook: Twitter: She also writes at LESS ... MORE Every year on May 3rd, the world comes together to celebrate World Press Freedom Day, a vital occasion established by the United Nations in 1993. This day not only honours the fundamental principles of press freedom but also raises awareness of the ongoing struggles faced by journalists across the globe. In an era where information is more accessible than ever, the importance of a free and independent press remains paramount. The origins of World Press Freedom Day World Press Freedom Day was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in December 1993, following the recommendation of the UNESCO General Conference. The date was chosen to commemorate the 1991 Windhoek Declaration, a statement of press freedom principles adopted by African journalists in Namibia. This declaration emphasized the need for a free, independent, and pluralistic press as essential to democracy and development. Since its inception, the day has been a platform for promoting press freedom and advocating for journalists' rights. Each year, the celebration adopts a specific theme that reflects current challenges and trends in the media landscape. The state of press freedom today Despite the vital role that a free press plays in society, many journalists face persecution, censorship, and violence. According to the World Press Freedom Index published by Reporters Without Borders, the landscape for press freedom varies dramatically globally. While some countries enjoy robust protections for journalists, others are characterized by oppressive regimes that stifle dissent and restrict the flow of information. In nations like North Korea and Eritrea, the press is state-controlled, and any deviation from the official narrative can lead to severe consequences, including imprisonment or worse. In more democratic settings, journalists face threats from both state and non-state actors, often being targeted for exposing corruption or human rights abuses. The COVID-19 pandemic further complicated the situation, with many governments using it as a pretext to tighten media controls. Misinformation, censorship, and attacks on journalists surged during this period, highlighting the precarious state of press freedom worldwide. The role of journalists in society Journalists are often referred to as the 'watchdogs' of democracy. Their role in informing the public, holding power accountable, and fostering debate is essential for a healthy society. A free press enables citizens to make informed decisions, participate in democratic processes, and advocate for their rights. However, the challenges journalists face can hinder their ability to perform these functions. Intimidation, threats, and violence against journalists not only silence individual voices but also create a culture of fear that affects the entire media landscape. When journalists cannot report freely, the public loses access to crucial information to hold governments and corporations accountable. The importance of advocacy and support Advocacy for press freedom is critical in combating the threats faced by journalists worldwide. Organizations like the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), Reporters Without Borders, and the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) work tirelessly to raise awareness and support journalists under threat. On World Press Freedom Day, various events, discussions, and campaigns highlight the importance of press freedom. These initiatives aim to support journalists and educate the public about the value of a free press and the dangers of censorship. Global responses to press freedom challenges There has been a growing recognition of the need to protect press freedom internationally in recent years. Through its various agencies, the UN continues to advocate for journalists' rights and the importance of free expression. Resolutions and statements from world leaders emphasizing the significance of press freedom have become increasingly common. Moreover, some countries have taken steps to enhance the legal protections afforded to journalists. Legislative reforms to safeguard press freedom have been implemented in various regions, reflecting a commitment to uphold democratic principles. However, enforcement remains a significant hurdle, as laws are often ignored or circumvented. The role of technology in press freedom The digital age has transformed the landscape of journalism, offering new opportunities for information dissemination and audience engagement. Social media platforms have enabled journalists to reach broader audiences and share real-time updates. However, these platforms also present challenges, including the spread of misinformation and disinformation. The rise of digital journalism has democratized information access but has also made journalists more vulnerable to online harassment and threats. Cybersecurity has become an increasingly important issue, with many journalists facing risks to their personal safety due to their online presence. Moreover, censorship has taken on new forms in the digital realm, as governments employ sophisticated techniques to monitor and control online content. The battle for a free press now extends beyond traditional media, necessitating a holistic approach to safeguarding journalism in all its forms. The role of the public While institutions and organizations play a crucial role in defending press freedom, the public is also responsible for supporting independent journalism. Engaging with credible news sources, advocating for transparency, and standing up against misinformation are essential ways to contribute to a healthy media environment. Supporting local journalism, which often faces the greatest challenges, is particularly important. Community-based news outlets provide essential coverage of local issues and a counterbalance to larger media organizations. By prioritizing local journalism, citizens can help ensure that diverse voices are heard and that critical issues are addressed. Looking ahead: The future of press freedom Observing World Press Freedom Day, we must reflect on the progress and challenges ahead. The fight for press freedom is ongoing, and the stakes have never been higher. In the face of rising authoritarianism, misinformation, and digital threats, the global community must remain vigilant in defending the rights of journalists and promoting the principles of freedom of expression. Future generations depend on a robust, independent press to inform, educate, and empower. Fostering an environment where journalists can operate without fear is crucial to ensuring the public can access accurate information. In conclusion, World Press Freedom Day reminds us of journalism's vital role in our democracies. It is a call to action for governments, organizations, and individuals to support press freedom and the brave journalists who risk their lives to bring us the truth. By championing the principles of a free press, we can uphold the values of democracy, human rights, and justice for all. Facebook Twitter Linkedin Email Disclaimer Views expressed above are the author's own.
Time of India
24-04-2025
- Health
- Time of India
World immunization week: A global call to action for health
Dr (Prof) Sadhana Kala is a USA-trained robotic & laparoscopic surgeon, Uppsala University, Sweden, trained fertility specialist, and 'National Icon Endoscopic Surgeon' of India. University topper and winner of several gold and silver medals and Certificates of Honor and the unique 'Distinction' in medicine in medical college, she is the youngest-ever Professor in any medical college anywhere, and the only-ever gynec Hon Consultant to the Army, Navy and Air Force. FORMER: President Family Welfare Foundation of India (now closed) one of the few UN -accredited NGO since 1997; Member of Central Consumer Protection Council, Government of India, the apex national advisory body on consumer affairs; Advisor, Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India; Member, Advisory Committee, MTNL (Delhi). Awardee of C L Jhaveri and P N Behl Awards of Indian Medical Association for professional excellence. Chief emeritus and currently Sr Consultant gynecologist and laparoscopic surgeon, Moolchan Medcity and Apollo Cradle Hospitals, New Delhi. She is a published-writer on varied topics. Facebook: Twitter: She also writes at LESS ... MORE Every year, during the last week of April, the world meets to observe World Immunization Week. This important initiative, led by the World Health Organization (WHO), aims to promote the use of vaccines to protect people of all ages against vaccine-preventable diseases. With a focus on raising awareness, increasing demand, and ensuring equitable access to immunization, World Immunization Week serves as a critical reminder of the importance of vaccination in safeguarding public health. The importance of vaccination Vaccination is one of the most significant public health achievements of our time. Since the development of the first vaccines in the late 18th century, immunization has drastically reduced the incidence of infectious diseases such as measles, polio, and smallpox. According to the WHO, vaccines save an estimated 2 to 3 million lives each year, preventing illnesses that can lead to severe complications and even death. Vaccines stimulate the immune system to recognize and fight off pathogens without causing the disease itself. This process protects the individual who receives the vaccine and contributes to herd immunity, which helps protect those who cannot be vaccinated—such as infants, the elderly, and individuals with compromised immune systems. Despite the overwhelming evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of vaccines, misinformation, and vaccine hesitancy remain significant barriers to achieving high immunization coverage. World Immunization Week aims to combat these issues by providing accurate information about vaccines and their benefits. A historical perspective World Immunization Week was first observed in 2003 as part of the Global Immunization Vision and Strategy (GIVS). This initiative emphasized the importance of immunization as a key strategy for achieving global health goals. In 2012, the WHO officially designated World Immunization Week as an annual event focusing on raising awareness and promoting vaccination efforts worldwide. The observance—which falls at the end of April—coincides with the annual celebration of the anniversary of the founding of the WHO on April 7. This strategic alignment highlights the organization's commitment to improving health outcomes through vaccination. Themes and goals Each year, World Immunization Week is centered around a specific theme that underscores the importance of immunization. Recent themes have included 'Vaccines Work for All,' 'The Future is in Our Hands,' 'Protecting Health and Saving Lives,' and 'Immunization for All is Humanly Possible.' These themes serve as rallying points for governments, health organizations, and communities to support immunization efforts. The overarching goals of World Immunization Week are: Raising Awareness : Educating the public about the importance of vaccines and dispelling myths surrounding immunization. Increasing Demand : Encouraging individuals and communities to seek vaccination services and advocate for immunization. Ensuring Access : Addressing inequities in vaccine distribution, particularly in low—and middle-income countries, will ensure that everyone has access to life-saving vaccines. Strengthening Immunization Programs : Supporting governments and health organizations in building robust immunization systems that respond effectively to emerging health challenges. Current challenges in global immunization Despite the progress made in vaccination efforts, significant challenges remain. The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted routine immunization services worldwide, leading to declining vaccination rates. According to the WHO, millions of children missed out on essential vaccines during the pandemic, increasing the risk of outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. Additionally, misinformation about vaccines has proliferated, fueled by social media and a lack of trust in health systems. Vaccine hesitancy—where individuals delay or refuse vaccination despite the availability of vaccines—poses a significant challenge to achieving high immunization coverage. In many regions, particularly low-income countries, logistical barriers hinder vaccine distribution. These include inadequate healthcare infrastructure, supply chain issues, and limited access to healthcare services, which disproportionately affect marginalized communities. The role of healthcare professionals Healthcare professionals play a crucial role in promoting vaccination and addressing vaccine hesitancy. They are often the first point of contact for individuals seeking information about vaccines. By providing clear, evidence-based information and addressing concerns, healthcare providers can help build trust and encourage vaccination. Training programs that equip healthcare workers with the skills to communicate effectively about vaccines are essential. These programs should focus on understanding patients' concerns, providing accurate information, and fostering a supportive environment for discussions about vaccination. Community engagement and education Community engagement is vital for the success of immunization programs. Local organizations, community leaders, and advocacy groups can mobilize resources and educate communities about the importance of vaccination. Engaging with trusted community figures can help dispel myths and build trust in vaccination efforts. Public education campaigns are also essential for increasing awareness. These campaigns can utilize various media platforms—social media, radio, television, and community events—to reach diverse audiences. By sharing success stories and highlighting the benefits of vaccination, these campaigns can inspire individuals to seek immunization. The importance of global cooperation World Immunization Week underscores the need for global cooperation in addressing vaccination challenges. Countries must collaborate to share resources, knowledge, and best practices to improve immunization coverage. International organizations, governments, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) must collaborate to ensure that vaccines are available and accessible to all populations, particularly in underserved areas. Initiatives like Gavi and the Vaccine Alliance support immunization efforts in low-income countries. Gavi partners with governments and organizations to provide funding, technical assistance, and resources to strengthen vaccination programs. These partnerships are essential for achieving the global health goals outlined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all ages. The path forward As we observe World Immunization Week, it is crucial to reflect on the lessons learned from the Covid-19 pandemic and the ongoing challenges in immunization. The pandemic highlighted the importance of strong healthcare systems and the need for resilient immunization programs capable of withstanding crises. Moving forward, it is essential to prioritize investment in immunization infrastructure, including training healthcare workers, improving supply chains, and enhancing data collection systems. By strengthening these systems, countries can ensure that vaccination efforts are sustained, and individuals can access life-saving vaccines. In addition, fostering a culture of vaccine acceptance is vital. Encouraging open dialogue about vaccines, addressing concerns, and promoting positive narratives about vaccination can help build trust and increase immunization rates. Conclusion World Immunization Week is not just a celebration of the incredible achievements made in vaccination; it is a call to action for all of us. As we navigate the complexities of global health, we must recognize that vaccination is a shared responsibility. Protecting our communities through immunization is essential for ensuring a healthier future for everyone. As we commemorate this week, let us commit to advocating for vaccines, supporting immunization efforts, and working together to overcome the challenges to achieving universal vaccination. Together, we can protect health, save lives, and build a healthier, more equitable world for future generations. Facebook Twitter Linkedin Email Disclaimer Views expressed above are the author's own.
