11 hours ago
UAE: How extreme summer heat can trigger underlying diseases, worsen symptoms
Other than sunstroke or dehydration, soaring temperatures can set off a range of medical conditions that remain dormant or manageable in cooler weather. From neurological flare-ups to cardiovascular strain, doctors say intense heat can act as a powerful trigger, unmasking symptoms in people who may not even know they're at risk.
Among the most vulnerable are individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), a neurological condition that affects the central nervous system and has no known cure. It's estimated that 19 out of every 100,000 people in the UAE live with MS, and for them, the heat can be deeply disruptive.
'Studies show that between 60 and 80 percent of people with multiple sclerosis experience a worsening of symptoms such as fatigue, mobility issues, and visual disturbances when body temperature rises,' said Professor Anu Jacob, Director of Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology at Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, and member of the National Multiple Sclerosis Society Medical Advisory Committee. 'This is worse in those with pre-existing impairment.'
This phenomenon, known as Uhthoff's phenomenon, occurs when the rise in body temperature slows signal transmission in already damaged nerves. 'While the worsening of symptoms is not permanent, they can significantly impact a person's daily functioning and wellbeing. Symptoms usually improve by cooling down and resting. It is important to distinguish this from a true flare-up that usually lasts for more than 24 hours,' Jacob explained.
To mitigate these effects, experts recommend staying hydrated, using cooling tools like vests and fans, avoiding peak heat hours, and adjusting routines to include rest periods.
'Hydration helps people with MS by supporting the body's natural cooling system, regulating internal temperature, and reducing the risk of heat-induced flare-ups. It also helps manage bladder function and cognitive performance,' said Jacob.
The UAE has already made strides in creating more accessible environments for people with chronic conditions. 'The UAE is fortunate to already offer thoughtfully designed environments such as shaded public spaces and accessible indoor cooling zones; these features play a critical role in protecting people living with chronic conditions like MS,' he said.
To build on this momentum, the National MS Society recently launched the Universal Design for Inclusion Programme, partnering with six leading UAE universities to engage students and faculty in developing accessibility-first solutions across campuses.
Emergency physicians are also observing the toll of the heatwave on a broader scale.
'With rising temperatures, we're seeing a notable surge in heat-related cases in the emergency department, particularly dehydration, heat exhaustion, and in more severe instances, heat stroke and acute kidney injury,' said Dr Pradeep, Emergency Medicine Specialist at Medcare Royal Speciality Hospital in Al Qusais.
'Patients with chronic illnesses like multiple sclerosis (MS), heart disease and kidney disease are especially at risk. Heat can exacerbate fatigue and neurological symptoms in MS. In cardiac patients, the added strain on the heart due to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances can trigger serious complications. Similarly, those with impaired kidney function may struggle to regulate fluid and sodium levels, increasing the risk of acute kidney stress or failure,' he added.
The ER team urges people to avoid outdoor activities between 11am and 4pm, wear breathable clothing, and ensure their indoor environment stays cool. 'In the event of a heat-related emergency such as confusion, fainting, rapid heartbeat or cessation of sweating, it's crucial to seek immediate medical help,' said Dr Pradeep.
While adults are the primary focus of many public health alerts, children with chronic neurological conditions are also at risk. Layla, a mother of a 10-year-old boy with epilepsy, says she plans their entire summer around avoiding the Gulf's extreme heat.
'In the UAE summer, I wouldn't let him stay outdoors much, even though he wants to play and be active. His seizures get worse when he's overheated,' she said. 'For the past few years, we've made it a point to travel somewhere cooler every July or August, just so he can enjoy being outside without us constantly worrying.'
Experts say early intervention and preventive habits are critical for vulnerable groups. As climate-related health challenges continue to rise globally, public awareness and inclusive city planning may become as essential as medicine itself.
