Latest news with #UniversityofBirmingham
International Business Times
2 days ago
- Business
- International Business Times
Nejat Immigration Ltd: A Dual-Practice Approach to UK Immigration Law
The UK immigration law sector remains one of the most complex and highly regulated legal fields, requiring law firms to balance strict compliance with the human realities of migration. Nejat Immigration Ltd, an OISC-regulated firm, has adopted a structured yet adaptable approach by operating through two distinct but complementary divisions: An Immigration Law Practice and an Education Consultancy Practice. This dual-department model reflects a strategic response to the intersecting legal and logistical challenges faced by migrants and international students. Regulated Legal Expertise Meets Education Consultancy Under the leadership of Founder and Principal Immigration Lawyer Mohammad Amin Nejat, the firm has positioned itself at the intersection of legal precision and client-centered service. The Immigration Law Practice, regulated by the Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner (OISC), handles a broad spectrum of UK immigration matters from work and business immigration, to family settlement and nationality applications. Meanwhile, the Education Consultancy Practice, accredited by ICEF and led by Parya Kazemi, assists international students with academic placements and visa compliance. This bifurcated structure allows the firm to address two critical aspects of migration: the legal pathways governed by Home Office regulations and the practical challenges of educational transitions. By maintaining clear divisions, Nejat Immigration Ltd ensures that each practice operates within its regulatory framework while upholding consistent ethical standards. Academic Rigor Informing Legal Strategy Mr. Nejat's academic background including a Master's degree from the University of Birmingham, where he studied under noted economists has influenced the firm's analytical approach to immigration law. His coursework in finance, game theory, and moral hazard appears to have shaped a methodical perspective on risk assessment and procedural compliance, which is reflected in the firm's case management strategies. Mr. Nejat's professional background combines legal training with academic distinction, having completed a Master's degree at the University of Birmingham in 2020. He holds a Master's degree with distinction from the University of Birmingham (2020), where his studies were initially supervised by the late Professor Peter J. N. Sinclair, a former tutor to UK Prime Minister David Cameron, and later by Dr. Dimitrios Asteriou. His course in finance, moral hazard, and game theory informed a strategic approach to complex legal and regulatory matters. Compliance as a Core Principle Operating in a heavily scrutinized sector, Nejat Immigration Ltd prioritizes regulatory adherence. Maintaining OISC registration and ICEF accreditation requires rigorous internal protocols, including continuous professional development through memberships such as the Immigration Law Practitioners' Association (ILPA). The firm also conducts weekly reviews of legal updates to ensure alignment with evolving Home Office policies. Staffing decisions further reinforce this compliance-first mindset. The law firm selects team members based on technical competency, ethical diligence, and an understanding of the human dimensions of immigration cases a necessary balance in a field where legal outcomes often have life-altering consequences. Additionally, all employees undergo enhanced Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) checks to verify no criminal record history, as well as drug and alcohol testing, ensuring the highest standards of professional integrity and client trust. Nejat Immigration Ltd operates under strict data protection standards in accordance with UK GDPR and ICO requirements. The firm maintains standard industry protocols for client data security, including secure digital storage systems and controlled access to case files. In line with common practice among regulated immigration firms, the law firm holds Professional Indemnity Insurance with coverage limits of £250,000 per claim. The policy also includes £1,500,000 public liability protection. These insurance arrangements represent typical safeguards adopted by OISC-regulated practices to address professional liability exposures. Conclusion: A Balanced Approach in a High-Stakes Field Nejat Immigration Ltd's dual-practice model demonstrates how specialized divisions can enhance service delivery while maintaining regulatory integrity. By combining legal expertise with strategic consultancy, the firm addresses both the procedural and personal aspects of immigration a nuanced approach that may serve as a case study for balancing compliance with client needs in a demanding legal landscape. As the UK's immigration policies continue to evolve, firms like Nejat Immigration Ltd highlight the importance of adaptability, ethical clarity, and cross-disciplinary expertise in navigating an ever-changing sector. About Nejat Immigration Ltd: The law firm is registered with the United Kingdom Immigration Advice Authority (IAA), holds ILPA membership (No. 9253), and is an ICEF-certified agency. For further details, visit their official channels. Media Contact: Nejat Immigration Ltd OISC Registration No: F202432157 ILPA Member No: 9253 ICEF Certified Agency ITAC#1810 Website:
Novaya Gazeta Europe
4 days ago
- Business
- Novaya Gazeta Europe
With a pinch of salt. What Trump's decision to send more weapons to Ukraine will mean for the war — Novaya Gazeta Europe
At face value, Donald Trump's announcement about his plans on Russia and Ukraine look like a major policy change. Speaking from the Oval Office on 14 July, where he had been meeting with NATO secretary general Mark Rutte, the US president said he would send 'top-of-the-line-weapons' to help Kyiv and — unless a ceasefire deal is agreed inside a 50-day time limit — the US would impose secondary sanctions on any countries dealing with Russia. David Hastings Dunn Professor of International Politics, University of Birmingham But while this represents a significant departure from Trump's previous approach, it's more of a step back towards the policy approach of his predecessor Joe Biden than the U-turn that some commentators are claiming. For months Russia has stepped up its bombardment of Ukraine, buoyed by the fact that neither the US Congress nor the White House has authorised any new military aid to Kyiv. Moscow would have been aware of this lack of US action and its missile and drone attacks against Ukraine have aimed to run down the stocks of air defence missiles supplied by Biden while paying lip service to the idea of peace negotiations. For Trump the penny appears finally to have dropped as to what was happening. His frustration and disappointment in Putin is what has finally led to him calling this out. According to Trump, Putin 'fooled a lot of people — Clinton, Bush, Obama, Biden — he didn't fool me. At a certain point talk doesn't talk, it's got to be action.' The decision to send new supplies of defensive — and potentially even longer-range offensive missiles — to Ukraine, even if the Europeans pay for them, is an important signal to Russia. But so too is the threat of tariffs of 100% on countries such as India and China that sustain the Russian economy by buying its oil and gas at knockdown prices. What has not changed, however, is the goal of Trump's policy towards the war in Ukraine. The US senate, led by Lindsay Graham, the influential Republican senator for South Carolina, has been itching to pass these secondary sanctions for months. Now that the Trump administration appears to have adopted this plan it is a significant policy instrument to pile the pressure on Russia. The change in Trump's approach may also mean that the €6.9 billion of frozen Russian assets in the US, and €192 billion in Europe, could be released to aid Ukraine, which would provide a ready means to pay for the US arms transfers. What has not changed, however, is the goal of Trump's policy towards the war in Ukraine. While the Biden administration called out the illegality of Putin's unprovoked aggression and called for the restoration of Ukrainian sovereignty, Trump is merely calling for a ceasefire. Trump may say he is 'disappointed' with Putin, but he has not labelled him as the aggressor. In fact at one point he was blaming Ukraine for the invasion. And, significantly, he has not demanded that Russia give up the 20% of Ukraine that it currently illegally occupies. The US president is also silent on what the US would commit to in terms of security and stability for Ukraine after the fighting stops. This is a much bigger question than Ukraine's NATO membership. America's European allies in NATO regard some sort of stability force on Ukrainian territory as necessary to deter any future Russian aggression. Whether or not US troops would be involved, and all the signs are that they would not, some sort of US security back-stop or guarantee is still seen in Europe as key to its success, as would be US logistical and intelligence support for its operation. Another aspect of the change in Trump's policy is the long lead time that Russia has been given to come to the table. A lot of Ukrainian civilians are likely to die during this period if the intense bombardment continues. On the battlefield, 50 days would give the Russians an extended window during a renewed summer offensive to make further territorial gains inside the occupied provinces. So Trump's proposals have to be viewed through the prism of his propensity to set deadlines that are then pushed back multiple times, as with the on-again, off-again tariffs, which have given Trump the nickname Taco — 'Trump always chickens out' — on Wall Street. Trump is seen by many as both inconsistent in his threats and unpredictable as to where policy will eventually settle. Russian senator, Konstantin Kosachev, was certainly taking this view when he told the BBC after Trump's announcement that, 'if this is all Trump had to say about Ukraine today, then so far it's been much ado about nothing'. This sentiment was shared by the Russian stock market which rose 2.7% in the aftermath of Trump's announcement. Analysts had expected much worse, so the long delay in the prospect of anything actually happening was clearly seen as a long way off and potentially subject to change or cancellation. Trump is seen by many as both inconsistent in his threats and unpredictable as to where policy will eventually settle. The fact that Trump told BBC Washington correspondent Gary O'Donoghue that while he was 'disappointed' with Putin, he was 'not done with him', and his clear reluctance to act quickly and decisively in sanctioning Russia, should be seen as an important counterpart to the apparent policy shift. Like so many things with the 47th US president, it's important not to react to the media appearances or the headlines they provoke, without also paying attention to the policy actions of his administration. This article was first published by The Conversation. Views expressed in opinion pieces do not necessarily reflect the position of Novaya Gazeta Europe.
Associated Press
07-07-2025
- Business
- Associated Press
Mkango Resources Limited Announces First Recycled Rare Earth Alloy Production
FIRST RECYCLED RARE EARTH ALLOY PRODUCTION AT TYSELEY ENERGY PARK, BIRMINGHAM, UK LONDON, UK AND VANCOUVER, BC / ACCESS Newswire / July 7, 2025 / Mkango Resources Ltd. (AIM:MKA)(TSX-V:MKA) ('Mkango') is pleased to announce first production runs for the commercial scale Hydrogen Processing of Magnet Scrap ('HPMS') vessel, which is currently being commissioned by the University of Birmingham ('UoB') with the support of commercial partner, HyProMag Limited ('HyProMag'), as part of the new scaled-up rare earth magnet recycling and manufacturing plant (the 'Plant') located at Tyseley Energy Park, Birmingham, UK ('TEP'). The HPMS vessel is fundamental to the Plant, producing a high grade, recycled neodymium-iron-boron ('NdFeB') alloy powder for commercial sale or to feed downstream magnet manufacturing. All major equipment for the Plant has been constructed on site and will be commissioned sequentially over the coming months. Will Dawes, Chief Executive of Mkango commented:"This is a major milestone for Mkango, HyProMag, the University of Birmingham and all our stakeholders. Furthermore, bringing back sintered magnet manufacturing to the UK after a 20-year hiatus will be a major step forward for the UK's critical mineral ambitions. It also creates a strong platform for further expansion in the UK and we are evaluating expansion options and partnership opportunities to accelerate development.' Nick Mann, Managing Director of HyProMag Ltd commented:"Seeing first HPMS powder production from the commercial scale vessel at Tyseley is a credit to the dedication and vision of the combined HyProMag and University of Birmingham teams who have worked hard to reach this milestone. We are looking forward to optimising the process at scale to unlock recycled material for rare earth magnet production in the UK.' Allan Walton, Head of the Magnetic Materials Group at the University of Birmingham and Founding Director of HyProMag Ltd, commented:"The Magnetic Materials Group has been at the forefront of research into recycling of rare earth magnets since Emeritus Prof Rex Harris conceived the idea of directly recycling spent sintered magnets back into new materials using hydrogen over 20 years ago. Since then, multiple process routes incorporating HPMS have been developed and proven at pilot scale. This new Plant will enable commercial scale demonstration of the technology for the first time, which has only been possible because of the dedication and skills of the MMG and the support of the wider University, including the School of Metallurgy and Materials.' In parallel with development of the UK Plant, HyProMag is rolling out HPMS technology into Germany and the USA, and is also evaluating other jurisdictions including Japan, Canada and South Korea. In Germany, HyProMag GmbH ('HyProMag Germany') is developing a rare earth magnet recycling and manufacturing plant at Pforzheim (the 'Pforzheim Plant'), with first production targeted by the end of 2025. HyProMag USA LLC ('HyProMag USA') completed a feasibility study in 2024 for a rare earth magnet recycling and manufacturing operation in the USA, with detailed engineering currently underway and first production targeted for H1 2027. About Mkango Resources Ltd. Mkango is listed on the AIM and the TSX-V. Mkango's corporate strategy is to become a market leader in the production of recycled rare earth magnets, alloys and oxides, through its interest in Maginito Limited ('Maginito'), which is owned 79.4 per cent by Mkango and 20.6 per cent by CoTec Holdings Corp 'CoTec'), and to develop new sustainable sources of neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium and terbium to supply accelerating demand from electric vehicles, wind turbines and other clean energy technologies. Maginito holds a 100 per cent interest in HyProMag and a 90 per cent direct and indirect interest (assuming conversion of Maginito's convertible loan to HyProMag Germany) in HyProMag Germany, focused on short loop rare earth magnet recycling in the UK and Germany, respectively, and a 100 per cent interest in Mkango Rare Earths UK Ltd ('Mkango UK'), focused on long loop rare earth magnet recycling in the UK via a chemical route. Maginito and CoTec are also expanding HPMS recycling technology into the United States via the 50/50 owned HyProMag USA joint venture company. Mkango also owns the advanced stage Songwe Hill rare earths project in Malawi ('Songwe') and the Pulawy rare earths separation project in Poland ('Pulawy'). Both the Songwe and Pulawy projects have been selected as Strategic Projects under the European Union Critical Raw Materials Act. Mkango has signed a Business Combination Agreement with Crown PropTech Acquisitions to list the Songwe Hill and Pulawy rare earths projects on NASDAQ via a SPAC Merger. For more information, please visit Market Abuse Regulation (MAR) Disclosure The information contained within this announcement is deemed by the Company to constitute inside information as stipulated under the Market Abuse Regulations (EU) No. 596/2014 ('MAR') which has been incorporated into UK law by the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018. Upon the publication of this announcement via Regulatory Information Service, this inside information is now considered to be in the public domain. Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements This news release contains forward-looking statements (within the meaning of that term under applicable securities laws) with respect to Mkango. Generally, forward looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as 'plans', 'expects' or 'is expected to', 'scheduled', 'estimates' 'intends', 'anticipates', 'believes', or variations of such words and phrases, or statements that certain actions, events or results 'can', 'may', 'could', 'would', 'should', 'might' or 'will', occur or be achieved, or the negative connotations thereof. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, as there can be no assurance that the plans, intentions or expectations upon which they are based will occur. By their nature, forward-looking statements involve numerous assumptions, known and unknown risks and uncertainties, both general and specific, that contribute to the possibility that the predictions, forecasts, projections and other forward-looking statements will not occur, which may cause actual performance and results in future periods to differ materially from any estimates or projections of future performance or results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such factors and risks include, without limiting the foregoing,,the availability of (or delays in obtaining) financing to develop Songwe Hill, the recycling plants being developed by Maginito in the UK, Germany and the US (the 'Maginito Recycling Plants'), governmental action and other market effects on global demand and pricing for the metals and associated downstream products for which Mkango is exploring, researching and developing, geological, technical and regulatory matters relating to the development of Songwe Hill, the ability to scale the HPMS and chemical recycling technologies to commercial scale, competitors having greater financial capability and effective competing technologies in the recycling and separation business of Maginito and Mkango, availability of scrap supplies for Maginito's recycling activities, government regulation (including the impact of environmental and other regulations) on and the economics in relation to recycling and the development of the Maginito Recycling Plants and Pulawy, and future investments in the United States pursuant to the proposed cooperation agreement between Maginito and CoTec, cost overruns, complexities in building and operating the plants, and the positive results of feasibility studies on the various proposed aspects of Mkango's and Maginito's activities. The forward-looking statements contained in this news release are made as of the date of this news release. Except as required by law, the Company disclaims any intention and assume no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether because of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law. Additionally, the Company undertakes no obligation to comment on the expectations of, or statements made by, third parties in respect of the matters discussed above. For further information on Mkango, please contact: Mkango Resources Limited William Dawes Chief Executive Officer [email protected] Alexander Lemon President [email protected] Canada: +1 403 444 5979 @MkangoResources SP Angel Corporate Finance LLP Nominated Adviser and Joint Broker Jeff Keating, Jen Clarke, Devik Mehta UK: +44 20 3470 0470 Alternative Resource Capital Joint Broker Alex Wood, Keith Dowsing UK: +44 20 7186 9004/5 The TSX Venture Exchange has neither approved nor disapproved the contents of this press release. Neither the TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release. This press release does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any equity or other securities of the Company in the United States. The securities of the Company will not be registered under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 'U.S. Securities Act') and may not be offered or sold within the United States to, or for the account or benefit of, U.S. persons except in certain transactions exempt from the registration requirements of the U.S. Securities Act. This information is provided by RNS, the news service of the London Stock Exchange. RNS is approved by the Financial Conduct Authority to act as a Primary Information Provider in the United Kingdom. Terms and conditions relating to the use and distribution of this information may apply. For further information, please contact [email protected] or visit SOURCE: Mkango Resources Ltd. press release
The Star
06-07-2025
- Automotive
- The Star
News Analysis: UK auto output plunges amid erratic U.S. trade policy, investment doubts
by Zhao Jiasong, Hang Rui, Larry Neild LONDON, July 6 (Xinhua) -- Britain's auto industry is facing its worst downturn in decades, with May vehicle production plunging 32.8 percent year-on-year to 49,810 units, the lowest for the month since 1949, excluding 2020 pandemic disruption. According to the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT), this was also the fifth consecutive monthly decline. Experts attribute much of the decline to U.S. President Donald Trump's import tariffs, which have severely disrupted supply chains and undermined global competitiveness. David Bailey, professor of business economics at the University of Birmingham, described the situation as a "storm" that has thrown the UK auto sector into a "low-volume crisis." He emphasized that the industry is now operating well below capacity, with rising costs and diminished competitiveness. Jim Saker of Loughborough University echoed this concern, saying, "Trump's tariffs have disrupted the supply chain," leading to uncertainty over where manufacturers should commit future investments. David Bailey, a professor of business economics with the University of Birmingham, described it as a "storm" that has pushed the UK auto industry into what he calls a "low-volume crisis." He stressed that the sector is now operating well below capacity, with costs rising and competitiveness suffering as a result. Jim Saker, an auto industry expert of Loughborough University, echoed this view, emphasizing that "Trump's tariffs have disrupted the supply chain" and left car manufacturers unsure about where to commit future investment. The export shock has been particularly severe in the UK's two biggest markets: the United States and the European Union. SMMT data shows that car exports to the United States plunged by 55.4 percent, while shipments to the EU dropped by 22.5 percent. Some manufacturers have responded by halting exports entirely. Jaguar Land Rover (JLR), which usually exported nearly a quarter of its production to the United States, suspended shipments in April after Washington imposed a 25 percent import tariff on foreign-made cars. Similarly, Lotus has reportedly considered relocating production to the U.S. to offset rising costs and market instability. A newly negotiated UK-U.S. trade agreement has somewhat eased tensions. It lowers tariffs on UK car exports to 10 percent, capped at 100,000 vehicles per year. While industry figures welcomed the deal, many see it as insufficient. "It avoided the worst-case scenario of a 25 percent tariff," said Bailey, "but 10 percent is still worse than before, and JLR alone could exceed the 100,000-vehicle cap." He also warned that indirect supply chain damage and job losses continue, despite the tariff reprieve. In response to the crisis, the UK government has launched a 10-year Industrial Strategy aimed at addressing deep-rooted structural problems. Key among its goals is to reduce high energy costs, which are frequently cited as a barrier to competitiveness. While the policy has been welcomed in principle, experts doubt its effectiveness and timeliness. "There are question marks about how far it goes," Bailey said, "especially when it comes to enabling the transition to electric vehicle production." He highlighted that the electricity prices in the UK that are significantly higher than in the EU and erratic U.S. trade policy continue to cast a shadow over implementation. Both Bailey and Saker warn that the UK auto industry is in a deep capacity crisis. Production is far below normal, and there are few signs of fresh investment. Saker cautioned that, without bold government action, the UK risks becoming "a retail automotive sector with some engineering elements", rather than a true manufacturing hub. He added, "I haven't seen anybody being attracted into the UK to basically start manufacturing." Looking forward, foreign investment, especially from China, could help revive the sector. Bailey noted. "I think that should be key for the government in terms of trying to attract in a Chinese producer," he added. However, he warned that "high energy costs in the UK make that very difficult." Unless addressed, "I can't see the UK being an attractive place for investment as against Central and Eastern Europe," he noted.
BBC News
05-07-2025
- Health
- BBC News
Why some pipo mouth dey smell bad and how to fix am?
Wetin dey cause bad breath? Around di world, one of di main causes of bad breath na periodontitis, also known as gum recession. "Half of di adult population go get some form of gum disease," na so Dr Praveen Sharma, associate professor of restorative dentistry for di University of Birmingham for di UK, tok to BBC What's Up Docs? programme. "You fit think of bad breath, objective bad breath as bad breath wey dey come from di oral cavity," e add, referring to di mouth. "Dat wan probably account for 90% of bad breath." Di oda 10% get oda causes. "Poorly controlled diabetes, go get a certain kind of breath," Dr Sharma tok. "If you get patients with gastrointestinal problems, gastric reflux, dem go get a kind of a sour breath. So, you go get systemic diseases wey dey manifest for di oral cavity." So, wetin pesin fit do about dis? If you no clean di bacteria wey dey settle between your teeth and gums, e fit lead to micro-wounds and subsequent bleeding gums. Dis na gingivitis, di early stage of gum disease, but di good news ne say e dey reversible. "Gingivitis na di inflammation of di gums and you go notice am as your gums go dey look red, swollen, and go dey bleed wen you brush," Dr Sharma tok. "Dat wan go progress to periodontitis" Check your gums for redness, swelling or bleeding while brushing, but no worry too much becos e still get time to take action. "One of di things wey patients dey do, is na say dem go instinctively avoid to brush di gums wey dey sore wen dem dey brush am, becoa eem go dey think: 'Oh, I dey do more damage, I dey do sometin wrong, dat na why e dey bleed,'" Dr Sharma tok. "E almost dey reversed - you suppose use bleeding gums as a sign to say: 'Oh, I need to brush a little bit better becos I miss am before.'" To request: Complete the translations here: Fill-in the commissioning form with this title in English: Gingivitis and periodontitis - 2025070203 Dr Sharma say you need to find time to brush properly. "You no wan to dey brush your teeth or clean your teeth while you dey do oda tins," e tok. Ideally you go need to dey stand in front of your mirror and focus properly. Many right-handed pipo unconsciously dey brush dia left side longer, and left-handed pipo dey brush dia right side longer, wey fit lead to more inflammation on di side wey dey receive less attention. Be aware of which hand you dey use brush and consciously try to brush both sides equally and carefully. Dr Shamra suggest starting with inter-dental cleaning first. "In terms of removing plaque and helping gum health, e better to use interdental brushes," e tok. After using interdental brushes e good to get a system wen moving your toothbrush in your mouth and no rush. Remember say each tooth get three surfaces: di outer, chewing and inner. All of dem need to be cleaned carefully. E fit come as a surprise to many, but di minimum time for brushing your teeth na two minutes. Many pipo brush by holding dia toothbrush at a 90-degree angle to di tooth and pressing back and forth, but dis method fit cause gum recession. Hold di toothbrush at about a 45-degree angle to di tooth and brush gently. Brush by directing di bristles toward di gum line on di lower teeth and upward toward di gum line on di upper teeth. Dis go help remove bacteria wey fit dey hide under di gum line. Many of us fit don learn say brushing your teeth after a meal na di right thing to do. But think again. "Ideally, you suppose brush bifor you chop your breakfast," Dr Sharma tok. "You no wan to brush after you don chop sometin acidic - e go get a softening effect on di mineral substance of di tooth, di enamel and di dentine." Di acid in food go cause di protective enamel on di surface of your teeth and di dentine underneath to soften, so brushing your teeth immediately after a meal fit damage your tooth enamel. "If you prefer to brush after you don chop your breakfast, then you suppose leave some time between your breakfast and brushing your teeth," Dr Sharma tok. You suppose rinse out your mouth and wait small. Also, while brushing your teeth for two minutes twice a day dey ideal, some pipo fit find am sufficient to brush properly once a day. Wen you sleep, your saliva flow dey decrease, wey go allow bacteria to do more damage to your teeth during di night. So, if you go clean your teeth thoroughly once a day, di best time to do so na for night. Use a toothbrush with medium stiffness bristles. Toothpastes no need to dey expensive. "Funny enof as long as e get fluoride inside," Dr Sharma tok, "I dey happy." Di minerals dey strengthen tooth enamel and make am more resistant to decay. After brushing, spit but no rinse to allow di toothpaste and fluoride to remain in di mouth to help prevent tooth decay. Mouthwash also dey worth using if you dey experience early signs of gum disease, as e dey help to reduce plaque and bacterial buildup. But no use am after brushing as e fit wash away di fluoride wey dey in di toothpaste. If gum recession (periodontitis) don dey progress, you go notice say spaces go begin form between di teeth, and as di bone wey dey hold di teeth dey erode, di teeth fit become loose. If dis condition no dey controlled, bone loss fit reach such a severe level wey be say di teeth fit fall out. You fit also experience persistent bad breath. If you experience all dis symptoms, see your dentist immediately. Finally, here na some quick tips to freshen your breath: - Drink plenty of water becos bacteria fit grow wen your mouth dey dry. - Clean your tongue with a tongue scraper. Dis one dey remove food particles, bacteria, and dead cells dem wey fit lead to bad breath. - If you no dey sure of how fresh your breath dey, leave am to a friend or family member to check for you. But be sure to choose carefully who you ask o! Adapted from BBC's What's Up Docs podcast episode dated 29 April 2025.
