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Al Taghyeer
a day ago
- Business
- Al Taghyeer
War Economy in Sudan
War Economy in Sudan A Reading of the World Bank Report (May 2025)and the Post-War Challenges By Omer Sidahmed Sudan on the Brink: Economy in the Grip of War and the Long Road to Recovery Introduction: A War That Destroyed Everything Two years after war broke out in April 2023, Sudan stands at the edge of an unprecedented humanitarian and economic catastrophe. Over 61,000 people killed in Khartoum alone, and 12.9 million displaced — the worst displacement crisis globally. The war hasn't only displaced people — it has displaced the state itself: services halted, institutions collapsed, and the economy disintegrated. The new World Bank report paints a bleak picture — but also proposes a roadmap to recovery, provided the war ends and a national reform project begins. This article reviews the key findings of the report and offers a critical reading based on Sudan's complex political-economic reality. Economic Collapse in Numbers Sudan's GDP shrank sharply by 29.4% in 2023, followed by another 13.5% contraction in 2024, reflecting the massive destruction of infrastructure, production, and services. Inflation surged to 170%, and unemployment hit 47%. Most alarming: extreme poverty jumped to 71% of the population — up from 33% pre-war — based on the $2.15/day poverty line. The Sudanese pound collapsed, with black-market exchange rates exceeding 2,600 pounds per dollar, far beyond the official rate. Government revenues dropped to below 5% of GDP, leaving the state unable to pay salaries or fund public services. Agriculture: A Battered Sector with Lingering Hope Agriculture accounts for 35% of GDP and over 50% of jobs, yet it was devastated by war: farmers displaced, equipment looted, roads destroyed, and supplies disrupted. Grain output fell 46% in 2023 compared to the previous year, with sorghum and millet yields 50% below average. Yet the report identifies agriculture as a key pillar of recovery. Due to its geographical spread outside conflict zones, it remained relatively intact and became a refuge for families fleeing urban warzones. With proper investment, infrastructure, and institutional support, the sector could double its contribution to growth, the report argues. Path to Recovery: Reform or Reconstruction? The World Bank outlines a three-pronged approach for urgent recovery: Economic Policies Resume the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) debt relief initiative. End commodity subsidies and reform electricity tariffs to favor the poor. Unify exchange rates and restore trust in the financial system. Structural Reforms Launch major investments in agriculture and infrastructure. Reopen trade routes and reduce customs tariffs. Limit military control of the economy and dismantle the shadow war economy. Social Justice and Peacebuilding National reconciliation, truth commissions, reintegration of the displaced. Reform education and health systems, and expand social safety nets. Demine war zones and create safe environments for people and economic activity. Critique: A Technocratic Vision Detached from War Economics Isolated Indicators While the report details GDP contraction, inflation, unemployment, and currency collapse, it treats them as though they result from a natural disaster or external shock — ignoring war-related financing mechanisms and the actors driving the conflict. The informal war economy — the real foundation of Sudan's current economy — is entirely absent. So too are illicit financial flows that fund militias, gold smuggling, and parallel foreign exchange networks. There's no analysis of how state institutions were captured by military elites and militias, transforming public assets into fuel for war. Total Omission of Foreign Trade In a country heavily reliant on imports and exports, the report ignores foreign trade dynamics. There's no discussion of border control, where gold exports go, or how neighboring countries like the UAE, Egypt, Libya, and Chad facilitate or enable smuggling networks. Arms trade and informal finance channels that sustain the war economy are not addressed. Banking System: The Elephant in the Room It's puzzling that the report completely omits the banking sector, which effectively collapsed. Most commercial banks ceased operations within the first month of war in Khartoum — the hub for over 70% of bank branches. The system is now fragmented, distrusted, and isolated from global financial networks. Without functioning financial institutions, no monetary reform is possible, despite the report's recommendations. From 'Development Critique' to 'War Critique' A Chatham House report (March 2025) found that gold has become direct fuel for the war, with 70–80% of production smuggled, primarily to the UAE, and used to purchase arms and pay fighters. The state is absent, and its most valuable resource is financing conflict, not development. Repackaged Neoliberal Failure The World Bank's proposed reforms recycle previous neoliberal prescriptions — privatization, subsidy cuts, price liberalization — which have failed before. These policies did not deliver social justice; they deepened inequality and dependence. Even after the December Revolution, these policies persisted under the grip of the former regime's security apparatus. Social support systems were dismantled with no viable alternatives, while security forces monopolized national resources. Justice and Reconciliation: Beyond Cosmetic Fixes Justice can't be legislated; it requires dismantling impunity and marginalization systems. Reconciliation isn't slogans — it's accountability, militia disarmament, and reintegration. Displaced communities won't return without guarantees, compensation, land restitution, and restored services. Lessons from South Africa and Rwanda In South Africa, reconciliation wasn't free — it was tied to truth-telling and confession of crimes. In Rwanda, Gacaca community courts combined justice with reconciliation. The lesson: no peace without genuine transitional justice that honors victims and confronts atrocities. No Recovery Without Ending the War All recommendations in the report are moot unless the war ends immediately. There can be no economic reform, return of displaced people, or reconstruction amid continued bombing and militia rule. Ending the war is not optional — it is the first and absolute priority. Conclusion: From Ruin to Hope Sudan's recovery is impossible without immediate cessation of hostilities and a new political path toward civil governance and inclusive justice. Continued war renders even the most rational reforms empty illusions. Once the guns fall silent, a short-term emergency plan must begin — centered on agriculture as a practical base for food security and social stability. This plan should prioritize rebuilding essential agricultural infrastructure destroyed by war and decades of neglect, including: Irrigation channels and medium-sized dams (Gezira, Rahad, Halfa, Suki). Farm roads linking production to markets. Research and extension centers. Crop storage and aggregation hubs. Water wells and livestock drinking sources. Natural rangelands damaged by drought and displacement. Inland fisheries that ceased in regions like Upper Nile and northern dams. This infrastructure must be restored urgently and progressively, alongside provision of fuel, seeds, fertilizers, equipment, and direct technical support for farmers, herders, and fishers. Such a plan can open a recovery window and restore local communities' trust in a functioning state. Agriculture can be the cornerstone — but not the foundation alone. True recovery requires comprehensive political, institutional, and economic reform to move Sudan from extraction to production, from looting to justice, and from exclusion to inclusive governance. June 2025
IOL News
27-05-2025
- Business
- IOL News
Tell us Mr President, how do you classify race and how are you helping Apartheid victims find closure?
President Cryil Ramaphosa will respond to key questions in parliament today Image: GCIS What legislative laws does the South African government rely on when it classifies Coloured, Indian, whites, and the Khoi-San people as not being African? And what has President Cyril Ramaphosa done to expedite the establishment of a Commission of Inquiry to investigate allegations that attempts were made to prevent the investigation and prosecution of apartheid-era crimes? These will be among the tough questions that Ramaphosa will answer when he appears before the National Assembly today. The president is scheduled to appear at least once a quarter during Parliament's annual programme to respond in person to questions raised by members of parliament. The question relating to racial classification was raised by Marlon Daniels, the Chief Whip of the Patriotic Alliance, while the leader of the uMkhonto weSizwe Party wants to know from Ramaphosa if the families of apartheid victims are being updated about his interventions to help them find closure and for him to specify what those interventions are. Other questions to the head of state include what steps the government were taking to reform taxation related to renewable energy. Mdumiseni Ntuli, the Chief Whip of the African National Congress will raise the question given that the global transition from green-house gas emissions to renewable energy is creating an unprecedented rising demand for metals and minerals. Ntuli said this presents an opportunity for South Africa which is a mineral-rich country to better leverage its resources to finance development and infrastructure, diversify the economy, expand energy access and avoid instances where resource wealth fails to translate into broad development. His question delves into whether the government will be implementing a resource rent tax to increase revenue and finance development infrastructure and economic diversification in line with the World Bank Report. Ramaphosa will also respond to Cornelius Mulder, the Freedom Front's Chief Whip question on the new economic policies that he and his Cabinet has developed since being sworn into the Government of National Unity in July last year. The ANC's Moleboheng Modise-Mpya will raise the issue of what engagements have been initiated with the Russian Federation with regard to ending the conflict between Ukraine and Russia. This follows the recent official visit of the President of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, to South African, where he expressed concerns about the continuing conflict that has led to the loss of civilian lives, damage to critical infrastructure and the deteriorating humanitarian situation. Zelenskyy had told Ramaphosa that peace can only be obtained through diplomacy, inclusive dialogue and a commitment to the principles of the United Nations Charter.
Yahoo
27-03-2025
- Business
- Yahoo
CNC machine Market Size to Hit $ 122.4 Billion, Globally, by 2031
CNC machine Market share research includes key company profiles like are DMG MORI, Okuma Corporation, Makino Inc., HaaS Automation, JTEKT Corporation,FANUC CORPORATION, Yamazaki Mazak, Trumpf, AMADA, Tormach. US & Canada, March 27, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- According to a new comprehensive report from The Insight Partners, 'the global CNC machine Market Size and Forecast (2025 - 2031), Global and Regional Share, Trend, and Growth Opportunity Analysis Report Coverage: By Machine Type (Lathe Machines, Milling Machines, Laser Machines, Grinding Machines, Welding Machines, Others); End-user Industry (Aerospace and Defense, Automotive, Industrial, Metals and MIning, Power and Energy, Others), and Geography'.The report runs an in-depth analysis of market trends, key players, and future opportunities. Different types CNC machine include lathe machines, milling machines, laser machines, grinding machines, welding machines, others. CNC machines manufacturers procure specific grades of materials from raw material suppliers and process them further to develop the final product. Market Overview and Growth Trajectory: CNC machine Market Growth: . Rapid industrialization in the manufacturing sector and rising foreign direct investment in developing countries is one of the factors that is driving the market growth. CNC machines are used to automate the process of manufacturing parts, allowing for greater consistency and precision. CNC machines are used to create highly precise components and parts with tight tolerances. This is critical in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and medical device manufacturing and many other industries. Growing industrial sector investments across the globe drive the CNC machine market growth. Globally, there was an increase in industrial sector investment by 2.3% in 2023 as compared to 2022, according to the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO).Increasing investment in the development of industrial sectors across developing nations such as Mexico, South Korea, India, Brazil, and others drives market growth. According to the World Bank Report in 2022, the industrial and services sector in Mexico accounted for 32.1% of the country's GDP. The industrial sector in Mexico, including mining, manufacturing, oil, & gas, has contributed between 25% and 35% of the overall GDP. The Mexico CNC machine market is driven by increasing industrial activities and rising foreign trade. In 2023, Mexico's Ministry of Economy reported an increase in foreign direct investments (FDIs) by 27%, reaching US$ 36 billion; 50% of this investment is in the manufacturing sector in Mexico. From January 2024 to June 2024, FDIs in Mexico reached US$ 31.1 billion across several industrial sectors. Mexico's overall manufacturing output for 2023 was valued at US$ 360.73 billion, which increased by 14.73% compared to 2022. Such increasing investment in the manufacturing sector has created a massive demand for CNC machines. Rising Investment in the Aerospace and Defense Sector Drives the CNC Machines Market Growth: Global aerospace and defense spending continues to rise as nations prioritize modernizing their forces to address new threats. The US Department of Defense raised its budget for fiscal year 2024 to US$ 842 billion, i.e., US$ 100 billion more than the budget allocated in FY 2022; these allocations emphasize integrating technologies such as AI, automation, and advanced manufacturing into defense systems. Moreover, the aerospace and defense sector generated US$ 425 billion in economic value in 2023, representing 1.6% of the nominal GDP of the US. Thus, significant investments in the aerospace and defense sector bolster the growth of CNC machines in the market. CNC machines play a critical role in the aerospace and defense sectors, where precision, reliability, and quality are paramount. These industries require highly specialized and complex components that must meet stringent safety, performance, and regulatory standards. CNC machines are utilized in various aspects of manufacturing within these sectors, ranging from prototypes to mass production of vital parts. CNC machines are widely used to produce critical engine components such as turbine blades, compressor blades, engine casings, and nozzle components. Increasing Adoption of CNC Machines in the Energy and Power Sector: CNC machines are widely used to manufacture various industrial components in the energy and power sector. In the energy and power sector, CNC machines are widely used to produce various components, such as seals, gears, pumps, and valves. These components are used in various energy and power-related applications, such as hydroelectric dams, wind turbines, and oil and gas drilling rigs. Increasing investment in the energy and power sector across the globe is creating significant opportunities for the CNC machines market growth. In 2022, the National Power System in Mexico's power generation was 340,713 GWh, ~31.2% of the clean energy sources. In August 2024, the Federal Electricity Commission in Mexico and the government invested ~US$ 19.31 billion in energy generation-related projects. This investment funded the development of nearly 35 generation projects and 41 distribution projects. In 2023, five energy-related transmission projects were completed, with a total investment of $ 16.04 million. The rising investment in energy and power-related projects across the country is expected to create significant opportunities for the CNC machine market growth during the forecast period. Geographical Insights: In 2024, Asia Pacific led the market with a substantial revenue share, followed by North America and Europe. Asia Pacific is expected to register the highest CAGR during the forecast machine Market Segmentation, Applications, Geographical Insights: Based on type, the CNC machine market is divided into lathe machines, milling machines, laser machines, grinding machines, welding machines, others. The lathe machines segment is expected to account for the largest share in 2024. Based on propulsion type, the CNC machine market is categorized into hybrid, fully electric, electric hydrogen. The fully electric segment expected to dominated the market in 2025. Based on end-user industry, the CNC machine market is categorized into is segmented into aerospace and defense, automotive, industrial, metals and mining, power and energy, others. In 2024, industrial segment is expected to account for the largest Players and Competitive Landscape: The CNC machine Market is characterized by the presence of several major players, including: DMG MORI Okuma Corporation Makino Inc. HaaS Automation JTEKT Corporation FANUC CORPORATION Yamazaki Mazak Trumpf AMADA Tormach These companies are adopting strategies such as new product launches, joint ventures, and geographical expansion to maintain their competitive edge in the market. CNC machine Market Recent Developments and Innovations: " Mainland CNC Launched Advanced Precision Machines to revolutionize global manufacturing.' 'Nidec completed us antitrust review for Makino Milling Machine acquisition.' Conclusion: The manufacturing sector across the globe is developing, with a major focus on advanced technologies such as industrial automation, robotics, the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence (AI), 3D printing, additive manufacturing, automation, wireless technologies, and autonomous vehicles. Industry 4.0 enables CNC machines to become part of a smart factory ecosystem. These machines can be connected to a central system, allowing operators to monitor machine health, production rates, and quality data in real time. IoT-enabled CNC machines can collect and transmit data such as temperature, vibration, and load, which can be analyzed to predict failures and optimize production processes. Such, rising industry 4.0 evolution along with growing adoption of advanced technologies is driving the major trend in the global CNC machines market growth. The report from The Insight Partners, therefore, provides several stakeholders—including raw material providers, manufacturers, suppliers and distributors, and end users—with valuable insights into how to successfully navigate this evolving market landscape and unlock new Report Titles: Piling Machines Market Dynamics and Trends by 2031 CNC Milling Machines Market Key Players and Forecast by 2031 Broaching Machines Market Growth and Forecast by 2031 battery production machine Market Drivers, Trends, and Forecast by 2031 About Us: The Insight Partners is a one stop industry research provider of actionable intelligence. We help our clients in getting solutions to their research requirements through our syndicated and consulting research services. We specialize in industries such as Semiconductor and Electronics, Aerospace and Defense, Automotive and Transportation, Biotechnology, Healthcare IT, Manufacturing and Construction, Medical Device, Technology, Media and Telecommunications, Chemicals and Materials. Contact Us: If you have any queries about this report or if you would like further information, please contact us: Contact Person: Ankit MathurE-mail: Phone: +1-646-491-9876 website:
