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The Guardian
10 hours ago
- Science
- The Guardian
How AI pales in the face of human intelligence and ingenuity
Gary Marcus is right to point out – as many of us have for years – that just scaling up compute size is not going to solve the problems of generative artificial intelligence (When billion-dollar AIs break down over puzzles a child can do, it's time to rethink the hype, 10 June). But he doesn't address the real reason why a child of seven can solve the Tower of Hanoi puzzle that broke the computers: we're embodied animals and we live in the world. All living things are born to explore, and we do so with all our senses, from birth. That gives us a model of the world and everything in it. We can infer general truths from a few instances, which no computer can do. A simple example: to teach a large language model 'cat', you have to show it tens of thousands of individual images of cats – being the way they are, they may be up a tree, in a box, or hiding in a roll of carpet. And even then, if it comes upon a cat playing with a bath plug, it may fail to recognise it as a cat. A human child can be shown two or three cats, and from interacting with them, it will recognise any cat as a cat, for life. Apart from anything else, this embodied, evolved intelligence makes us incredibly energy-efficient compared with a computer. The computers that drive an autonomous car use anything upwards of a kilowatt of energy, while a human driver runs on twentysomething watts of renewable power – and we don't need an extra bacon sandwich to remember a new route. At a time of climate emergency, the vast energy demands of this industry might perhaps lead us to recognise, and value, the extraordinary economy, versatility, plasticity, ingenuity and creativity of human intelligence – qualities that we all have simply by virtue of being HaymanAdvisory board member, Minderoo Centre for Technology & Democracy, Cambridge University It comes as no surprise to me that Apple researchers have found 'fundamental limitations' in cutting-edge artificial intelligence models (Advanced AI suffers 'complete accuracy collapse' in face of complex problems, study finds, 9 June). AI in the form of large reasoning models or large language models (LLMs) are far from being able to 'reason'. This can be simply tested by asking ChatGPT or similar: 'If 9 plus 10 is 18 what is 18 less 10?' The response today was 8. Other times, I've found that it provided no definitive answer. This highlights that AI does not reason – currently, it is a combination of brute force and logic routines to essentially reduce the brute force approach. A term that should be given more publicity is ANI – artificial narrow intelligence, which describes systems like ChatGPT that are excellent at summarising pertinent information and rewording sentences, but are far from being able to reason. But note, the more times that LLMs are asked similar questions, the more likely it will provide a more reasonable response. Again, though, this is not reasoning, it is model TaylorMona Vale, New South Wales, Australia Have an opinion on anything you've read in the Guardian today? Please email us your letter and it will be considered for publication in our letters section.
Forbes
19-05-2025
- Politics
- Forbes
Fossil Fuels, War, And Climate: Women On The Frontlines Call For A New Security Mindset
The climate emergency is a security threat, the war in Ukraine is 'a fossil fuel war,' and business-as-usual is no longer acceptable. That's the rallying cry from a riveting panel at The Earth Day Women's Summit that I moderated on April 22nd at EarthX2025 with two women literally on the frontlines of war and global leadership. 'There is sometimes a lot of talk and focus on state security. And I think we need to…look more into human security that should supersede state security.' Mirian Vilela said on the panel. She's Executive Director of the Earth Charter International Secretariat and originally from Brazil. In a world still focused on borders and political posturing, Vilela explained that, 'Without air and water, we cannot survive, right? So that's a basic human needs' (sic). And, she warned that as climate change advances, it will 'inevitably, will affect our access to water, our basic needs.' 'So,' she continued, 'I think that we are facing a major issue here with a lack of ecological literacy and a lack of ethical literacy. So I think everywhere across the world, northeast, southwest, we have a number of leaders, not only the governmental side, but also business sides that are ethically and ecologically illiterate. And that's a big issue.' This echoes the United Nation's report on 'Five ways the climate crisis impacts human security.' The report found that, 'Unpredictable rainfall and extreme weather events can trigger competition for food and water; declining agricultural output can lead to a loss of income for a broad segment of the population; droughts, floods, storms and sea-level rise are already causing more than 20 million people to leave their homes and move to other areas in their countries each year.' The UN report added that climate change 'intensifies resource scarcity and worsens existing social, economic and environmental factors.' UN report on climate change and security - screenshot Therefore, it increases and changes security demands, as Sherri Goodman – former Deputy Undersecretary for Defense for Environmental Security, who coined the term 'threat multiplier' – delineated in her recent book, 'Threat Multiplier: climate change, military leadership and global security.' For Ukrainian climate scientist Svitlana Krakovska, Ph.D. the connection between war and fossil fuels isn't theoretical, it's personal. Two hours after co-chairing an online meeting of the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), she was awakened by missiles striking her town, Kyiv. And, within 48 hours of her arrival at The Earth Day Women's Summit, her first trip to the U.S., bombs fell just 300 meters from her home, school and her daughter's playground. Krakovska heads the Ukrainian delegation to the IPCC and was named one of the top 12 scientists in the world by Nature magazine in 2022. 'Climate crisis has roots in fossil fuels, but at the same time, fossil fuels, they fund this Russian invasion of Ukraine. So it means this is fossil fuel war,' Krakovska explained at the Summit, 'it's just funded by these fossil fuels…So that's why I said it's fossil fuel war.' Over 50% of Russia's national revenue comes from oil and gas exports, she added, saying 'Every day Russia got something like $800 million to $1 billion' from it, referencing data from the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA) which tracks it. Fossil fuels are both a climate threat and a weapon of war then, Krakovska emphasized. The carbon footprint of this war against Ukraine is massive too, though rarely discussed, according to Krakovska. 'Environment is just silent victim as well of the war,' she said, citing that this war has emitted over 230 million tons of CO₂. That 'is actually equivalent of annual emissions European countries such as Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia combined,' Krakovska gave as comparison.' She added that there are indirect impacts too, for example, funding that was going to climate adaptation and resilience is now going to the war effort. Also, the bombing of Ukraine's Kakhovka Dam alone was 'a huge disaster,' led to massive ecosystem collapse, and 'we still don't know how many people actually died due to this flooding.' Krakovska sees an opportunity in the devastation: 'We don't care about the buildings which were destroyed because we can build better' She is calling for a 'climate resilient renaissance' in Ukraine, where the country can 'be a role model for other places which were destroyed.' 'If we all unite against this climate crisis, we can win. We will not surrender in Ukraine and I hope the world will not surrender to fight climate change. And we will win altogether.' To address this challenge, Vilela and Krakovska suggest a 'planetary consciousness.' 'We are interdependent. It means that there are ripple effects,' Vilela said, emphasizing that each of us need to be aware of the short and long-term impacts of our choices. 'In every decision we make as individuals or as institutions, as a society. These decisions generate an impact,' including on future generations and on the earth, she said. Therefore, we need a 'planetary consciousness.' Vilela explained that Brazil, the host of COP30 in a few months, 'is calling for a 'planetary renaissance,' which is 'a new mindset that…really looks at the interdependence and interconnectedness of our challenges.' We have the policies on the international level, she observed, but what's missing is broader implementation and to 'help clarify what are the ethical implications of climate change.' That's why COP30 is calling for 'a new industrial revolution that should be climate conscious,' she said.
