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What rising blood pressure means for your health, and what to do about it
High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is often called a silent killer. It causes over 12.8 per cent of all deaths globally, according to WHO. You may feel perfectly fine, yet your blood vessels could be under constant strain, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other serious complications.
How is blood pressure measured?
Blood pressure is the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. It's measured using two numbers:
A normal reading is typically around 120/80 mmHg.
What causes high blood pressure?
Dr Ajith Pillai, Chief Cardiologist at Kauvery Hospital, Chennai, explains that hypertension may develop over time due to:
Obesity and poor diet (especially high salt intake)
Stress and lack of physical activity
Smoking and alcohol use
Chronic diseases like diabetes and kidney conditions
Hormonal issues or sleep apnoea
Family history of hypertension
Primary hypertension has no identifiable cause, while secondary hypertension stems from other conditions.
Why is hypertension awareness so important?
A 2023 Indian Journal of Public Health study shows:
24–30% of urban Indians and 12–14% of rural population have hypertension
Hypertension causes 54% of strokes and 47% of heart disease cases globally
By 2030, it may lead to 12.5 million deaths annually
Dr Pillai noted: 'Only 1 in 3 people are diagnosed, and less than 1 in 5 are treated effectively. Resistant hypertension needs urgent attention.'
What symptoms should you watch out for?
Often, hypertension is symptomless. But some people may experience:
Headaches or dizziness
Nosebleeds and blurry vision
Abnormal heart rhythms
Shortness of breath or buzzing in ears
Resistant hypertension, when BP remains high despite three or more medications, requires specialised care.
Can you prevent high blood pressure?
WHO recommends:
A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
Lower salt and sugar intake
At least 30 minutes of physical activity most days
Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol
Managing stress with meditation or therapy
What are the treatment options for high BP?
Management may include:
Lifestyle changes
Regular BP monitoring
Medication such as ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, ARBs, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics
Monthly medication costs: ₹100–₹1,000 depending on the brand.
For resistant hypertension, newer options like renal denervation (RDN) offer hope.
What about low blood pressure?
Low blood pressure (hypotension) is defined as readings below 90/60 mmHg. While some live with it without symptoms, others may face:
Dizziness, fainting, or nausea
Blurred vision
Cold, clammy skin
Fatigue
What causes hypotension?
Dehydration or prolonged bed rest
Certain medications
Heart or hormonal disorders
Pregnancy or low blood volume
Managing low BP includes:
Staying hydrated
Eating smaller meals more frequently
Increasing salt (under doctor's advice)
Wearing compression stockings
Adjusting medication
Monthly management cost: ₹50–₹300, possibly more with hospitalisation.
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