Here is the training that the Army says is no longer mandatory
Command Sgt. Maj. Chris Mullinax, the top enlisted soldier for the Army's operations, planning and training department, said reducing hours spent on mandatory online training will allow soldiers to focus on building 'warrior ethos' through 'tough, realistic training.'
'What our Army senior leaders are trying to do is make sure that they have as much time available so that they can focus on those things. There's no distractions, there's no burdens and our war fighters are focused on war fighting and that is absolutely tough, realistic training in the field,' Mullinax told reporters.
Resiliency training, which taught soldiers and commanders coping mechanisms for stress and adversity — whether it was how families can handle the stress of deployments or how soldiers can maintain healthy relationships — was completely removed from the Army's training and leadership development regulation.
Commanders will now decide whether the following training courses are necessary for their units:
Individual and unit chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear (CBRN) training.
Combat Lifesaver Training and certification, a 40-hour course with both hands-on and academic classes that teach the basics of battlefield first aid. The course includes training on action under fire; tourniquet use; bleeding control methods for gunshot wounds, explosions or other trauma; airway management; wound care; splinting; and emergency evacuation procedures.
Safety and occupational health training which includes basic risk management, traffic safety for drivers under 26 and blast overpressure for traumatic brain injury mitigation.
Law of war training for operational units, which covers rules of engagement and prohibited behavior for soldiers facing combat and how to handle detainee operations.
Code of conduct training, which provides an ethical and moral guide for soldiers who are captured during war.
Online training courses on Personnel Recovery and Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape (SERE) which covers avoiding capture, resisting enemy influence if captured, and escape.
Training for certain job fields will remain unchanged. For example, chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear training for CBRN specialists will still be required, as will medical training for combat medics. Under the new regulation, soldiers in other fields may participate in that, or similar training, if their commanders deem it necessary.
'Not every organization needs to do those tasks at any given time,' Mullinax said.
Soldiers will now have to take 16 mandatory training courses each year, down from 27 that soldiers were required to complete online and in person annually. The changes were directed by Army Chief of Staff Gen. Randy George 'to reduce administrative burdens' on unit leaders, according to a fact sheet provided to Task & Purpose by the Army.
The changes mean more flexibility for commanders who will decide which types of training are needed for their soldiers or their unit's mission. For example, a sustainment brigade may have different courses than an infantry unit, based on their specific mission.
'Part of the message is saying to our commanders that, 'hey, we we trust you, and we're giving this back to you so that you can assess your organization and manage that risk appropriately and focus on the things that you need to focus on and build readiness in a way that's important for your organization,'' Mullinax said.
The Army does not have a specific office or unit dedicated to tracking the effects of softening the requirements for these types of training courses, but Mullinax said they will manage it 'the same way we manage everything else, which is commanders having conversations.'
Soldiers have long griped about the slew of mandatory training that all ranks are expected to complete. Criticisms have centered around squeezing the required courses into already full schedules of field training, pre-deployment workups, actual deployments, and other administrative tasks. Many soldiers say they end up completing their training after work hours. The issue even caught the attention of Elon Musk, who responded to a soldier's video posted to X sarcastically asking for the Department of Government Efficiency not to eliminate the 'very important online training we do in the military every year.'
The Army previously announced cuts to 346 hours worth of Professional Military Education, or PME, that the service deemed redundant and overwhelming. The courses, which soldiers needed to complete in order to be promoted, included topics like squad drills, Army doctrine, land operations, leadership, problem-solving, the law of armed conflict, reducing stress, public speaking, transition to civilian life, grammar and writing skills.
Mullinax said there was no expectation that soldiers had to complete mandatory training on their own time but 'the reality of it is, is they probably were.'
'Some of these training modules are 40 hours, 80 hours, and just imagine every soldier being required to do those things over an entire formation over time. It adds up to a lot of time back to the organization and to the soldiers,' he said. 'Not every formation all the time needs to do all these things.'
The Army has now removed resiliency training from the regulation completely. The service previously used its Comprehensive Soldier and Family Fitness program to teach soldiers about personality and character traits that make them to be more 'resilient' against obstacles in life and with their jobs. The program regulation defines resilience as the 'mental, physical, emotional, and behavioral ability to face and cope with adversity, adapt to change, recover, learn, and grow from setbacks.'
The previous version of the Army's training regulation said its resilience program had 'positive' impacts on the psychological health of soldiers, especially among 18 to 24 year olds or those who are considered 'high-risk' for mental health concerns. In the Pentagon's latest annual suicide report, troops 17 to 24 years old accounted for almost half of the suicides across the active duty force in 2023. In the Army, that age group made up more than 40% of suicides that year.
'Each Soldier becomes a sensor to behavioral indicators that can inform the command or encourage individuals to seek help. Positive outcomes have resulted from leaders talking
about resilience skills during formations, and by integrating resilience and performance enhancement skills into physical training,' the old training regulation stated.
But under the new shift, the service now sees this training as 'outdated,' according to a fact sheet about the changes.
Mullinax said informal resiliency training will still exist in other parts of the Army and that it is built through a culture 'focused on a strong warrior ethos, tough, realistic training' that happens when soldiers are physically present 'so that you can actually strengthen that team and build a resilient team and build resilient soldiers.'
'Our resiliency training is happening every day, all the time, in good formations,' he added.
Retired Army Reserve Maj. Gen. Tammy Smith, who last served as special assistant to the assistant secretary of the Army for manpower and Reserve affairs said she worries that removing it is short sighted and that the Army benefited from it over the years. With the training, soldiers and leaders were given more tools to talk about value systems, how to develop good character and what it means to be resilient — something she doesn't remember having as a lieutenant or captain.
'Of course, we all learned resiliency by falling off the obstacle course and getting back up and that sort of thing so we learned it from other things but I didn't have a language for it,' she said, adding that without resiliency training, 'I could perhaps tell them, well stop crying. Buck up.'
An Army 'resilience' website described the concept as part of personal readiness through five main focuses such as physical, emotional, social, spiritual and family — a majority of factors that pertain to soldiers' well-being outside of their immediate Army job and ones that can impact their stress levels at work.
Beyond younger enlisted soldiers, the Army's resilience training also included topics for commanders on leadership behaviors that promote a positive culture, a lesson that Smith taught herself. And in the Army, where leaders are not only the equivalent of civilian work managers but are also heavily involved in soldiers' personal lives, Smith said that resiliency training gave them tools to counsel soldiers dealing with hard times or recovering from catastrophic life events.
'Where do I as a leader get my language now to talk to them about their own resiliency without at least some of this particular training? I don't think that we can assume that people are just going to get it by taking it completely away and by removing it from the curriculum,' Smith said.
Before the changes, the Army regulation required ongoing resiliency training, taught by a master resilience trainer in a classroom or through more informal activities like discussions led by chaplains or having the themes incorporated into a unit's weekly meetings like morning PT or during a safety brief.
Smith said resiliency training focused a lot on 'self awareness of where you are,' adding that when she worked on personnel readiness policies, Defense Secretary Mark Esper combined the resiliency division with sexual harassment and assault response prevention, or SHARP, efforts under the idea that 'a lot of the things that are being taught in each of those come down to how we form character and how we teach values across our different systems.'
Smith acknowledged that soldiers have a lot of mandatory training with a finite amount of time, meaning priorities are going to change, but said that in the long-term, it'll change the Army's culture.
'If they take it out of the regulation, and they remove all requirements from it, it will be something that eventually people don't know about, incorporate or take into account, because all of the folks who had previously been given a language for resiliency they're going to retire,' she said. 'We'll come to a place where we don't know how to talk about it.'
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06-08-2025
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Whether you deal with constant bloating or you tend to feel heavier during your period, seeing seemingly unexplainable weight gain on the scale can be frustrating. However, weight fluctuation is a natural part of life, and factors like age, decreased activity levels, loss of muscle mass, and a slower metabolism can all contribute to unexplained weight gain. In some cases, there may be a connection between your weight gain and insulin. 'Weight gain around the waistline in adults—outside of pregnancy—is often a sign of insulin resistance or insulin hypersecretion,' says Naomi Parrella, MD, a family physician and obesity medicine specialist at Rush University Medical Group. Although it's less common, Parrella adds that weight gain may also be a sign of excess cortisol, a condition like Cushing's syndrome, or in more serious cases, an illness like ovarian cancer. 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However, if your weight gain is greater than that and you can't seem to pinpoint the underlying reason, here are some potential conditions that may be at play. 1. You have hypothyroidism. When a young woman walks into a doc's office with unexplained weight gain, the thyroid is the first place most physicians will investigate, says Dr. Jampolis. And for good reason: A whopping one in eight women will develop a thyroid disorder in her life, according to the American Thyroid Association. That butterfly-shaped gland in the neck is responsible for secreting a hormone that regulates your metabolism, and if you've got an underactive thyroid (called hypothyroidism), your metabolism may slow down, triggering weight gain. Women with hypothyroidism may also suffer from low energy levels or fatigue, dry skin, hair loss, muscle cramps, or constipation, says Dr. Jampolis. Notice any of these signs and you should book a chat with your doc, who can check on your thyroid with a simple blood test if necessary. 2. You have polycystic ovary syndrome. Research shows that as many as one in five women have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), an endocrine disorder that throws off the balance of reproductive hormones estrogen and testosterone and can trigger a number of unpleasant symptoms like wacky periods, facial hair growth, and migraines. PCOS can also muck up the way your body uses insulin (the hormone that helps turn sugars and starches into energy), which means (womp, womp) unexplained weight gain around the mid-section is common, says Dr. Jampolis. If your menstrual cycles are off, a gyno will likely take a peek at your hormones to diagnose this one. 3. You are dealing with depression or anxiety. When you're stressed, you're thrown into fight-or-flight mode and get a surge of adrenaline, along with a heavy dose of the hormone cortisol, which is supposed to help you restore energy reserves and store fat. The problem? Lots of us get chronically stressed sitting at our desks all day or just living a crazed life, says Dr. Jampolis. When your cortisol levels stay elevated for a prolonged period, then your body continues storing fat, which can lead to weight gain. If you've persistently felt down in the dumps or anxious, have trouble sleeping, feel fatigued, or you've lost interest in the stuff that used to make you tick, talk with an MD or mental health pro who can make suggestions for getting back on track if stress seems to be the culprit behind your sudden weight gain. 4. You're not sleeping well or enough. There's nothing like a trash night of sleep to make a girl crave sugar and fat (anything to survive at work the next day, right?). That's because missed shuteye does a number on your hunger hormones and metabolism: Sleeping too little raises ghrelin, the hormone that signals it's time to eat, while lowering your levels of leptin, the hormone that conveys the 'I'm full' feeling, says Dr. Jampolis. The result: a totally unsatisfying chow-fest the next day. In a randomized, controlled 2023 study of 195 adults in Sleep, adults with obesity were put on an eight week-diet and were monitored over the next year after losing about 28 pounds on average. Those with shorter sleep duration (less than six hours per night) regained an average of a little over 11 pounds and reduced less body fat than those with a normal sleep duration (more than six hours per night). 5. You have small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). The gut relies on good bacteria to function well (probiotics, anyone?), but there's also bad bacteria chilling in your digestive tract. When that balance of good to bad gets thrown off, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO, for short) can take place, triggering extra gas in your GI tract along with bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and—you guessed it—sudden weight gain. Docs aren't entirely sure how SIBO may trigger those extra pounds, says Dr. Jampolis, but treatment typically includes antibiotics to treat the bacterial overgrowth, according to the U.S. National Library of Medicine. Making changes to your diet can also help. 6. You're going through perimenopause. The transition period to menopause (a.k.a. perimenopause, which can start in women as early as their mid-30s, but usually starts in your 40s) triggers hormones like estrogen to rise and fall unevenly, which can cue weight gain in some women, says Dr. Jampolis. Other signs of perimenopause include irregular periods, hot flashes, mood swings, and a change in your libido—symptoms your doc can usually suss out with her eyes closed. Compound perimenopause with the other inevitable body changes that happen with age (like a loss of muscle mass and increase in body fat), and it may feel like the scale's tipping fast. Talk to your doctor to manage "the change" in stride. 7. You're taking certain medications. There's a laundry list of both prescription and over-the-counter meds that can trigger sudden weight gain or water retention that show up on the scale as extra pounds. 'Antidepressants—most commonly the selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as Paxil, Lexapro, and Prozac—may affect the appetite center in the brain,' says Rocío Salas-Whalen, MD, an endocrinologist at the Medical Offices of Manhattan. Meanwhile, beta blockers (meds that reduce blood pressure) can slow your metabolism, and certain steroids (like prednisone—an anti-inflammatory that causes water retention and an increase appetite) can add on pounds. Even OTC antihistamines like Benadryl, which can disrupt an enzyme in the brain that helps regulate food consumption, can trigger noticeable weight gain, says Dr. Salas-Whalen. A word to the wise: Don't stop taking any pills cold-turkey—chat with your doctor, who may be able to find a substitute. 8. You have Cushing's disease. A super rare condition called Cushing's disease (only 10 to 15 people per million are affected, but 70 percent of those diagnosed are women) causes excess cortisol production and can trigger excessive weight gain just around the abdominal area (the legs and arms usually stay lean) and the back of the neck, says Reshmi Srinath, MD, an assistant professor of diabetes, endocrinology, and bone disease at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. It can sometimes be caused by certain medications like steroids used to treat asthma and autoimmune disorders. 'Cushing's typically presents with significantly low energy and complications like diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. But the telltale sign is very large, red stretch marks on their belly,' she says. If this sounds eerily familiar, talk to your doctor ASAP. Cushing's disease can be managed with medication, radiation, or surgery, adds Dr. Parrella. You'll also want to tamp down your stress levels, which means taking really good care of yourself and finding ways to recharge on a regular basis. 9. You're dehydrated. There's a reason behind the bloat, and it may have just as much to do with the water you forgot to drink as the food that you ate. Most of us aren't drinking nearly enough water, says Kristen Neilan, RD, of University of Florida Health. That's because many of us mistake the feeling of thirst for the feeling of hunger. 'Confusion, tiredness, and lightheadedness are all signs of even mild dehydration,' she says. Sounds a lot like how we feel when we're hankering for a snack. Mixed signals aren't the only only possible culprits behind your unexplained weight gain. 'Adequate hydration increases mitochondrial function—what that basically means is that it increases your metabolism,' says Neilan. Without enough water, your cells can't do their thing (namely, convert your food into energy) quickly and efficiently. Make sure to drink plenty of water, especially at higher altitudes (like air travel), on hot days, with fevers and infections, or with extra physical exertion. Choose options with the least amount of sugar—coconut water, clear broth, and of course pure H2O, are all fair game. If your pee looks darker than usual or you're not using the bathroom as often, that's a sign to begin drinking more fluids, notes Dr. Parrella. Other warning signs include fatigue, muscle cramps, and lightheadedness when standing up. 10. You have ovarian cancer. In rare cases, an expanding belly is the result of an ovarian tumor and the fluid buildup associated with it, says Sanaz Memarzadeh, MD, PhD, a gynecologic cancer surgeon at UCLA Health. 'Patients come in with abdominal bloating, and their usual pants are not fitting,' she says. 'Sometimes the tumor is so large, it can cause distention of the abdomen." Women are more likely to be diagnosed with ovarian cancer after menopause. But it's important for women at every age to look out for this symptom, as well as feeling full too quickly, pain in the lower stomach area, and extra pressure on the bladder. See your doc if the bloating persists, especially if your family has a history of ovarian cancer. 11. You quit smoking. Smoking can often act as an appetite suppressant, so when you quit, the cravings can hit you hard. Smoking can lead to a rise in dopamine, the neurotransmitter responsible for instant pleasure, says Pouya Shafipour, MD, a weight loss specialist at Paloma Health. It's the same kind of pleasure you get when you eat a sweet snack, like ice cream. "When one quits smoking, the body still has cravings for dopamine and often, people get this craving from excess intake of refined sugar and starch (i.e., candy and other starchy snacks) and gain weight," says Dr. Shafipour. To counteract the lower levels of dopamine once you quit smoking, it's important to engage in other behaviors, like exercise or meditation, that help release feel-good endorphins and also provide a nice distraction and healthy new habit. Try our exclusive 4-week walking plan 12. You have diabetes. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes both require insulin management in order to keep blood sugar levels regulated. In people with type 1 diabetes, the pancreas essentially isn't producing enough insulin, so those that have it need to regularly insert themselves with the hormone. Insulin allows the body to absorb glucose (or sugar) and use it for energy. Generally, type 2 diabetes is associated with insulin resistance from a poor diet, a sedentary lifestyle, and unhealthy eating behaviors. That can usually contribute to weight gain in itself, explains Dr. Shafipour. Type 2 diabetics have a higher baseline insulin level which by itself causes more weight gain, typically around the belly," he says. But an increase in insulin from external hormone treatments can also lead to weight gain. Insulin lets glucose into your blood cells so that it can be stored for energy, but if you're eating more calories than your body needs, your cells will take what they need, leaving the remaining glucose to be stored as fat. To counteract the weight gain, it's important to closely monitor your diet and avoid eating too much fast food or foods high in refined sugar, Dr. Shafipour says. 13. You have other types of cancers. Most cancers in their early stages will result in weight loss instead of weight gain—unless it's a cancer that causes the release of cortisol, like a tumor in the adrenal gland. However, as cancer progresses, it can lead to weight gain. "This weight gain can be due to growth of the size of the tumor itself or [if it spreads] to other organs like the liver, which can cause fluid buildup in the stomach or the stomach cavity," says Dr. Shafipour. But don't be too alarmed, as this is usually a worst-case scenario. Most cancers will cause other symptoms that may warrant you seeing a doctor while it's still in an early stage. When should I see a doctor for unexplained weight gain? First, you should take a look at your lifestyle. If your diet is poor, it's normal to gain between a half a pound to a pound of weight a week. Your menstrual cycle can also cause your weight to fluctuate between four and five pounds, depending on the stage of your cycle. But when is weight gain a cause for concern? If you're gaining one to two pounds or more a week, and you don't see the numbers going down, then it might be time to see a doctor. "If one notices that they're gaining weight rapidly, one to two pounds a week, and it's not related to menstrual cycle, poor sleep, anxiety or depression, or snacking or overeating, then they should probably see their primary care physician, who will do a thorough history and physical as well as some appropriate laboratory work-up to find the causes of weight gain," says Dr. Shafipour. A doctor can work with you to determine whether an underlying condition is contributing to your weight gain, and find appropriate remedies to help you maintain a weight that makes you feel good. Common Questions About Unexplained Weight Gain Why am I gaining weight even though I'm eating healthy and working out? 'There are many reasons this could be happening and the only way to understand it is to systematically investigate what is going on, like a detective solving a mystery,' says Dr. Parrella. 'Weight gain as an adult, outside of pregnancy, is (most of the time) about the hormone balance.' For many people, this means examining thyroid function. 'Thyroid disorders and untreated sleep apnea can cause unexplained weight gain,' she says. 'A few cancers can cause unexplained weight gain, but those are less common.' The most common cause of unexplained weight gain is insulin resistance, she says, which is associated with weight gain (especially around the waistline). However, this can be treated and managed in multiple ways, and you should always consult your doc to see what's best for you. Some commonly used medications may also cause weight gain, but there may be alternatives that won't bring unwanted side effects. 'If you are taking chronic medications, it is worth asking a pharmacist or your doctor if this applies to you,' says Dr. Parrella. Apart from these reasons, your weight gain may be a sign to evaluate your nutrition, stress levels, physical activity, and sleep habits in detail. There may be certain behaviors (including those you believe are "healthy") that are contributing to your weight gain without you realizing it. What is unexpected weight gain a symptom of? Could it be menopause, aging, or genetics? Your weight can certainly be impacted by menopause, aging, genetics, and hormones like insulin, Dr. Parrella says. 'How you eat, how you move, and how regularly you get rest can affect your hormones and the genes that are activated,' she explains. But the good news is, you can help influence how these changes occur in your body, and seeing a provider can be a great first step. Dr. Parrella recommends working with a specialist who can help you uncover your body's 'signaling pattern' and learn how it may be impacting your weight gain. This ongoing process may involve ongoing investigation, self-tracking, and trying different options, she adds. Weight gain can also be a sign that your body is experiencing chronic stress, Dr. Parella adds—especially if you're a caregiver for a small child, someone with a chronic disability, or an aging parent, for example. '[If] your work demands interfere with your ability to relax and recharge regularly or to sleep well, you may gain weight even if your daily food intake is low,' she explains. Can I just use medication to manage my weight, then stop meds later? The short answer: It's complicated. 'If you use medications to lower your weight, with the medications currently available, you will likely need to stay on those medications to keep the weight down,' says Dr. Parrella. Everyone's body is different, so always consult your doctor about starting and stopping meds, and what dosage and frequency is right for you. You may find that medication is helpful for a while, but everyday lifestyle changes might benefit your body just as much. 'If your doctor has ruled out obvious and less common medical issues like thyroid disorder or cancer, [the reason] could be the timing of when you eat, how often you eat, if you are drinking alcohol, what you are eating, medications, sleep, or chronic stress," Dr. Parrella says. I'm barely eating, but I'm still gaining weight. Am I not getting enough calories? Should I eat breakfast? '[Unexplained weight gain] is rarely about not eating enough calories or whether or not you eat breakfast,' says Dr. Parrella. Weight gain can occur if you're not 'eating the right nutrients, are eating the wrong nutrients for your body physiology, are not getting adequate sleep, or you have chronic stress with high cortisol,' she adds. It's entirely possible to eat little and still have unexplained weight gain, and it can also happen if you eat or snack frequently throughout the night, she says. The key, Dr. Parrella explains, is to eat the right nutrients for you and your body. For example, if you deal with insulin resistance, protein and fibrous vegetables can help keep your insulin at a lower level so that you can get health-promoting nutrients that allow your body to burn fat. Rather than undereating, Dr. Parrella suggests that every 24 hours, you allow your body at least 12 continuous hours (usually overnight including your sleep hours) of not eating or drinking anything other than water, black coffee, or unsweetened tea. 'It is good for your health to let your gut rest on a regular basis,' she says. Moderating alcohol use may also help, she adds. Try eliminating alcohol for one month and seeing what happens with your weight, or alternatively, explore a sugar detox month without any sweets or sweetened beverages. How can I stay motivated to eat less and exercise more? You may have heard that 'eating less and exercising more' is the solution for weight loss, but according to Dr. Parrella, weight gain is usually way more complicated than that. 'Motivation is not the problem for most people, and trying to eat less and exercise more is not the answer for most people,' she says. For many, weight gain is a sign of a hormonal imbalance. 'Based on what you eat, how you move, how you socialize, sleep, and recharge, your hormones will vary,' she adds. 'If your hormones are set up to cause you to grow, that is what you will do. If your hormones are set to burn, then you can burn fat [more easily].' That said, if you are struggling with motivation to make lifestyle changes, consider your intentions behind wanting to manage your weight. Is it that you want to feel more energized during the day? Make it through your fun workout classes? Feel more confident taking cute selfies? Whatever your reason is, tapping into your internal motivation (and not just rushing to crash diet) can help you make sustainable, long-term changes. Meet the experts: Naomi Parrella, MD, is a family physician and obesity medicine specialist at Rush University Medical Group. Melina Jampolis, MD, is an internist based in Los Angeles and the host of the Practically Healthy podcast. Rocío Salas-Whalen, MD, is an endocrinologist at the Medical Offices of Manhattan. Reshmi Srinath, MD, is an assistant professor of diabetes, endocrinology, and bone disease at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Kristen Neilan, RD, a dietitian at the University of Florida Health. Sanaz Memarzadeh, MD, PhD, is a gynecologic cancer surgeon at UCLA Health. Pouya Shafipour, MD, is a weight loss specialist at Paloma Health. 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