Indian scientists aim for world's smallest 'angstrom-scale' chips using 2D materials

Times of Oman

01-05-2025

New Delhi: In a visionary stride toward global technology leadership, Indian scientists have unveiled an ambitious proposal to develop the world's smallest semiconductor chip.
Spearheaded by the prestigious Indian Institute of Science (IISc), this initiative seeks to leverage cutting-edge 2D materials like graphene to create "angstrom-scale" chips—ushering in an era that could eclipse current silicon-based technologies.
The proposal, recently submitted to the Indian government, outlines a roadmap that demands an investment of Rs 500 crore (approximately $60 million) over five years.
If approved, this project could not only place India firmly on the global semiconductor map but could also redefine the technological landscape for generations to come.
New frontier in semiconductor innovation
Semiconductors are the lifeblood of modern technology, powering everything from smartphones and medical devices to electric vehicles and satellites.
For decades, the industry has relentlessly pursued miniaturisation, packing more power into ever-smaller spaces. Yet, as traditional silicon-based technologies approach their physical limits, the world is yearning for a breakthrough.
This is where India's angstrom-scale chip project steps in.
Angstroms, measuring just one-tenth of a nanometer, represent a scale so minute that it ventures into atomic territory.
Creating chips at this level requires materials that are thinner, stronger, and more conductive than silicon—enter graphene and other 2D materials.
Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice, boasts extraordinary electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties.
Scientists worldwide have hailed it as a "wonder material," but India's plan to industrialise its use at the angstrom scale marks a historic first.
By moving beyond the conventional, India is daring to innovate at the very edge of physics itself.
Powering India's tech aspirations
This proposal signals far more than just technological ambition.
It aligns seamlessly with India's broader vision of self-reliance in critical technologies, epitomised by initiatives like "Make in India" and "Atmanirbhar Bharat" (Self-Reliant India).
Semiconductors are a strategic industry. Countries that control chip technologies also influence the future of defence systems, artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and next-generation communication networks like 6G.
By building indigenous capabilities in this sector, India can ensure not just economic growth but also national security and technological sovereignty.
Moreover, mastering angstrom-scale chip technology would place India among an elite few, giving it a seat at the table of global tech leadership alongside the United States, South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan.
Building a strong ecosystem
The proposed $60 million investment is not just for lab research; it is designed to catalyse an entire ecosystem around next-generation semiconductors.
The funds would enable the establishment of specialised fabrication facilities, advanced material research centres, and skilled manpower development programs.
Partnerships with premier institutions, industry players, and international collaborators will be crucial.
By integrating academia and industry, India can create a dynamic innovation ecosystem where breakthroughs in the lab translate quickly into commercial products.
It is also heartening to see such a project being led by the Indian Institute of Science, an institution with a legacy of pathbreaking research.
With its world-class talent, cutting-edge infrastructure, and collaborative ethos, IISc is ideally positioned to steer this transformational endeavour.
Catalysing new industries
If successful, angstrom-scale chips could ignite a cascade of new industries and possibilities.
Chips at the angstrom scale could power computers hundreds of times faster than today's models, transforming everything from research to entertainment.
Ultra-miniaturised chips could enable revolutionary biomedical devices, diagnostics, and treatments at the cellular level.
Energy-efficient chips would dramatically lower the carbon footprint of data centres, consumer electronics, and electric vehicles.
Moreover, lightweight, high-performance chips could enhance satellite systems, defence equipment, and space exploration technologies.
By positioning itself at the forefront of this technological revolution, India could create millions of new jobs, attract billions in investments, and open unprecedented opportunities for startups and established companies alike.
Inspiring a new generation of innovators
Beyond its economic and strategic implications, this initiative carries immense inspirational value.
It sends a powerful message to young scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs across the country: India is no longer just a participant in the global tech race—it is leading the way.
The vision of building angstrom-scale chips challenges young minds to dream bigger, think deeper, and innovate bolder. It reaffirms that Indian talent can shape the future of technology, not just follow it.
Educational institutions, innovation hubs, and research labs across the country are likely to feel the ripple effects. Already, programs in materials science, quantum electronics, and nanoengineering are gaining traction, and this project will further accelerate that momentum.
A moment of national pride
The proposal by Indian scientists to venture into the angstrom era is a clarion call for the nation to rally behind its innovators.
It is a vivid reminder of what is possible when vision, talent, and determination converge with opportunity.
As the world stands on the cusp of the next great technological leap, India is ready to make its mark.
The angstrom chip project embodies the spirit of a new India—ambitious, confident, and future-ready.
The $60 million investment, when viewed in the context of the immense potential it unlocks, is not just an expenditure—it is an investment in India's destiny as a global technology powerhouse.
In the years to come, when the world speaks of breakthroughs that redefined human progress, India's angstrom-scale chip project could well be a defining chapter as it represents a future where Indian ingenuity lights the way for the world.