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Jenna Ortega Is Not Asking Permission

Jenna Ortega Is Not Asking Permission

Yahoo03-06-2025
"Hearst Magazines and Yahoo may earn commission or revenue on some items through these links."
Had it been up to Jenna Ortega, she would have spent the summer after Wednesday's debut season chilling on an Icelandic farm—learning to fish, making dinner, helping care for the spring lambs. She hatched this pastoral escape plan online, on a rural work-exchange site, soon after the show became a global hit in late 2022. 'I was so stunned that I didn't really process it,' Ortega says of her overnight megafame. 'I still haven't.' She'd been acting for a decade, but this was a new level. It was so overwhelming, it felt like it was happening to someone else and so unnatural that it was something human beings weren't designed to go through. 'We used to live in villages and meet maybe 300 people in our lifetimes, and now we can travel all over the world and meet way too many people, and way too many people can be familiar with you.' She tried different things to reduce her exposure. She bought a flip phone. ('I had a really hard time with social media,' she says. 'It was really turning me off.') She booked the farm stay and planned to travel on her own after that. But then Tim Burton asked her to do Beetlejuice Beetlejuice and she spent the summer shooting in London instead.
Ortega is telling me this over iced teas on the patio of a popular cafe in the Los Feliz neighborhood of L.A., where we're meeting an hour later than planned. Earlier, she'd been trying to humanely evict a wasp's nest from her balcony and locked herself out of her apartment in the process. A friend came over with spare keys, but they were the wrong ones—so she shimmied down a nearby palm tree to freedom. ('Mercury retrograde,' she says. She doesn't believe in it, but she also concedes that it explains a lot.)
Ortega is in town to promote Alex Scharfman's horror comedy Death of a Unicorn, with Paul Rudd, in which she plays the surly teen daughter of the lawyer for an evil pharmaceutical family, and Trey Edward Shults's experimental drama Hurry Up Tomorrow, with Abel Tesfaye, a.k.a. the Weeknd, in which she plays 'the feminine part of Abel's brain.' She recently got back from Paris, where she shot Cathy Yan's comedy thriller The Gallerist, about an art dealer, played by Natalie Portman, who tries to sell a corpse at Art Basel. (Ortega plays her high-strung assistant.) Last year, she filmed Taika Waititi's adaptation of Kazuo Ishiguro's novel Klara and the Sun in New Zealand, then headed to Dublin afterward to shoot the long-awaited second season of Wednesday, which premieres in August. Tomorrow, she leaves for London to begin work on J.J. Abrams's new film, a project so deeply under wraps that the script was transmitted to her under fake names via different accounts.
Nonstop work schedule and wasp's nest notwithstanding, Ortega looks calm and unruffled. She's dressed comfortably in a white tank top, plaid jacket, thrifted jeans, and Thom Browne loafers. In person, she's warm, thoughtful, and down-to-earth, almost preternaturally composed for a 22-year-old who has struggled with anxiety, to the point that she once chewed through her Invisalign from grinding her teeth at night. Between her freckles and self-possession, her tiny stature and intelligent eyes, she looks simultaneously very young and wise beyond her years. She radiates the quiet confidence of someone who's no longer asking permission to be herself.
'I was always very existential as a kid,' says Ortega. 'The world was always ending. I was worrying about things way earlier than I needed to.' Disappearing into characters offered an escape from the pressure she put on herself. 'My work felt like the safe place. When I wasn't on set, I had a really, really hard time.' She remembers her teen years being 'full of tension and fear.' She was terrified of messing up. When she sees old videos of the happy, bubbly kid she was on TV, 'I can see clearly that something is wrong, because she doesn't want to say or do the wrong thing.'
For a moment, after Wednesday blew up, a familiar narrative seemed to coalesce around Ortega—the kind reserved for young women who stick up for themselves and don't calibrate their words for public consumption. She felt 'incredibly misunderstood.' She gets that the internet rewards controversy, but she tries not to pay attention. 'I feel like being a bully is very popular right now,' she says. 'Having been on the wrong side of the rumor mill was incredibly eye-opening.'
It's easy to hide on social media, which makes it even easier to say hurtful things. 'We're incredibly desensitized and disconnected from real interaction,' Ortega says. 'I mean, God, if you could speak to everybody like Wednesday—just say what you truly mean—it would be amazing!' In real life, most people try not to upset other people. Nobody wants to let anyone down. But Wednesday isn't burdened by any of that. 'She doesn't care,' Ortega says. 'It's pretty funny, when you think about it. She's an outsider, but now she's on these mugs, cereal boxes, and T-shirts. You're just thinking, Oh, man, she would hate this!'
Ortega—who grew up in the Coachella Valley, the fourth of six siblings—booked her first acting job when she was nine. But it wasn't until recently that she started to feel a sense of control over her life and career. From the beginning, she chafed at being told what she could and couldn't do. She always knew that films were what she wanted, but because she was doing well in commercials and TV, she felt pressured to 'stay in that lane.'
One of the pitfalls of being a child star, especially one shaped by the Disney Channel machine—at 13, Ortega was cast as Harley Diaz, the middle child in Stuck in the Middle—is that professionalism is often mistaken for maturity. Looking back, she can see how much she didn't understand, but thought she did, because of how she was treated. 'There are certain things that you're only going to learn from experience,' she says. 'It's hard for me to accept that people didn't respect that more.'
In recent years, Ortega has befriended other actresses who survived the treacherous transition from child star to A-list actress—people like Natalie Portman, Winona Ryder, and Natasha Lyonne. 'It's been so beneficial and so cozy,' she says. 'They've seen it all, and, honestly, during a much darker time in Hollywood. We've all got this jaded way about us that I don't think we'd have if we hadn't started so young and had so many brutal realizations and experiences.' She pauses, then deadpans, 'But they turned out all right.'
On the phone a few days later, Portman tells me that she and Ortega discovered on the set that they both like to crouch in between scenes. 'We don't sit in a chair; we just kind of squat in the corner,' she tells me. 'Catherine Zeta-Jones, who was also a child actress, said she did it too—that it's a way of grounding yourself. There'd be all these chairs, but we'd just squat and look at each other and be like, 'Wow, this is weird.' '
Portman agrees that child actors are often treated like tiny adults. But with her and Ortega, there is also the matter of their size. 'We're both physically tiny, so people will often treat you like a child forever,' she says. 'I'm 43 now, and people kind of pat me on the head. I don't look like a child, but I often feel like I'm treated like a kid. Child actors often cultivate a serious persona because otherwise they'll get treated like kids forever. When you start working as a kid, you kind of always feel like a kid in the workplace. Having some of that seriousness helps remind people, 'I'm a grown-up.' '
Ortega believes wisdom isn't something that is automatically conferred with age. 'It really irks me when people say, 'Oh, you don't understand. You're so young.' Because if you're not open to the experiences that you're having and you're not willing to learn from your mistakes or reflect on your decisions, you're not going to grow at all. You're choosing to be a bystander.'
When Wednesday first came along, Ortega hesitated. She'd spent five seasons as young Jane on the CW's Jane the Virgin and three on Disney's Stuck in the Middle. Eager for a change, she lobbied for a role in the second season of Netflix's psychological thriller You—and got it. In 2022, Ortega starred as Tara Carpenter in Scream, the first in a string of horror films—Studio 666, X, and American Carnage—that showcased her dry, acerbic exterior over her vulnerable core and earned her a solid reputation as her generation's scream queen.
'I was getting to this point in my career where I was doing movies and getting in the rooms,' she says. She knew that starring in a show would prevent her from taking on more films. 'So I kept telling everyone no. I almost didn't want to hear what Tim [Burton] had to say, and really like it, and feel like I needed to do it—which is kind of what happened.'
Ortega was in New Zealand shooting X when she met with Burton over Zoom. She was wearing a prosthetic—her character's head had just been blown off—but Burton didn't even acknowledge it. One of the scenes she did for him involved catching Thing spying on her and threatening to lock him in a drawer forever. She'd been up for 24 hours and was supposed to go to sleep, but instead she went into her bathroom and filmed a second take. 'I didn't want Tim to have that be his last impression of me,' she says. 'The next day, I was killing time in my hotel room and I found myself thinking about her—like, maybe she moves like this. And then I realized, Oh, man, I think I'm stuck, because I really love this girl.'
Burton would go on to direct half of the first season and half of the second of Wednesday.'When I read this thing, I went, like, Oh my God, this is written for a 16-year-old girl, but I can relate. People have said I act like that sometimes,' Burton tells me over the phone from London. 'But it all hinged upon finding somebody to play Wednesday. It had to be somebody who just had it in her soul, and when we saw Jenna, there was just no question.'
Ortega was 18 when production began on the first season of Wednesday. She was on her own in a foreign country (the first season taped in Romania), feeling lost and confused. 'In TV, everything moves fast. They're writing scripts, and you're shooting episodes; everything's mixed around. It's very easy to feel like a puppet. You just feel very vulnerable,' she says. 'I've been a series regular for multiple shows. I know what it's like to feel in the dark as an actor.' At times, she's felt like she couldn't speak up if she was uncomfortable: 'I didn't really have a place.'
Burton, however, welcomed her input. 'She's playing the character, and I always felt her instincts were right,' he tells me. He went on to cast Ortega as Astrid Deetz, Lydia's (Ryder) teenage daughter in Beetlejuice Beetlejuice.'When I first met Winona, I had such a strong feeling about her,' he says. 'I had a similar reaction when I first met Jenna. They both have an internal strength that you can't put into words.'
Ortega wasn't in a great place after the first season of Wednesday. 'To be quite frank, after the show and trying to figure everything out, I was an unhappy person,' she admits. 'After the pressure, the attention—as somebody who's quite introverted, that was so intense and so scary.'
But things are different now. She's a producer on the show, which felt like a natural progression. 'I sit in on meetings and listen and learn,' she says. 'I'm still finding my footing in that area.' She also tries to make sure other young cast members feel heard. 'Season 2 is bigger, bolder, gorier, and a bit darker,' she says. 'It's sillier in the best way possible.' The show's move from Bucharest to Dublin may have influenced the shift as well, at least for her. 'Dublin was incredible,' she says. 'I loved everything about that experience, the cast, the crew. It was so sweet and so awesome. That island is so beautiful.'
On days when they weren't filming, Ortega explored Ireland with her hair and makeup artist, Nirvana, and her assistant, Lizzie. 'On weekends, we'd go down to Kerry and Cork and Donegal and swim in thunderstorms,' she says. Normally, when traveling for work, she would find her café and her bookshop and that was that. But her friends pushed her to get out more. 'I spent a lot of time laying in fields, going on hikes with my dog. I was raising chinchillas, and I'd read books with my chinchillas in my lap. Maybe I'd go to a karaoke bar one night or host a dinner at my place—things like that. I tried to make it feel as family-like as possible.'
There are ways in which Wednesday has felt like a double-edged sword for Ortega. The role rubbed off on her in good ways. 'I definitely feel like I have a bit more Gothic taste than I did when I was a teenager,' she says. 'I've always been into dark things or been fascinated by them, but I was a Disney kid, and the whole thing is being bubbly and kind and overly sweet.' She plays the cello now—as well as the synth. She knows how to fence. But if Wednesday helped change people's perception, Ortega once again finds herself in a tricky spot in her career: 'I'm doing a show I'm going to be doing for years where I play a schoolgirl,' she says. 'But I'm also a young woman.'
When I check in with Ortega a week later over Zoom, I relay Portman's sympathetic frustrations over being a child star who grew into a not-so-tall adult star. 'I relate to that so immensely, and it's always been really annoying, because you just don't feel like you're being taken seriously,' she says. 'You know, it's like how you're dressed in the schoolgirl costume. … There's just something about it that's very patronizing. Also, when you're short, people are already physically looking down on you.'
Boys get away with more. 'But girls,' she says, 'if they don't stay as this perfect image of how they were first introduced to you, then it's 'Ah, something's wrong. She's changed. She sold her soul.' But you're watching these women at the most pivotal times in their lives; they're experimenting because that's what you do.'
Sometimes that's about throwing yourself into a new role and giving yourself another chance to stretch and subvert expectations. For Ortega, that comes with another chance to dive into research and watch movies, which is one of her favorite things to do. (While preparing for her role as a robot in Waititi's adaptation of Klara and the Sun, Ortega studied Buster Keaton's films. 'If I'm only paying attention to what's coming out now, then everyone's getting their inspiration from the same place,' she says.) Sometimes that's about escaping—to a farm in Iceland (one day) or an animal sanctuary in Ireland. Sometimes, it's just about caring for something else. Which brings us back to the chinchillas. Because, what?
When I ask Ortega about them, she launches into a story. 'I'd always wanted to pet a cow,' she says. Her eyes are wide and animated, and she seems in high spirits. She tells me how Nirvana and Lizzie surprised her with a visit to an animal sanctuary. 'I got to spend the day with cows, and I was thrilled,' she says. Then Eddie, the guy in charge of the sanctuary, introduced her to a family of neglected chinchillas in need of care. 'They had these bald patches,' she says. 'They were clearly struggling—just going through a really rough time. Eddie asked us if we wanted to hold them, and that's a very dangerous position to put a young woman in, because you give her a small furry animal, she will take it home with her.'
Ortega returned to the sanctuary the next day to pick up the family of chinchillas: a mother and two sons. 'Like, baby baby. Sons that were smaller than my palm,' she says. 'And I watched them grow into men.' The mother's name was Alma, 'a traditional, beautiful name from The Phantom Thread. There was a brother, Domhnall—which, you know, Irish name, had to do it, I was in Ireland. And the youngest one, kind of the favorite among castmates, was Basil. He was named after Basil Gogos, who was Tim Burton's favorite illustrator as a kid.' (Gogos was famed for his renderings of horror-movie characters for Famous Monsters of Filmland magazine.)
'It was so exciting,' she says of caring for them. 'Their hair grew back. They took dust baths. I gave them a little swing.' They returned to the sanctuary when filming was over, but she did come home with a dog. 'She was the runt of her litter and had something weird going on with her eye. Apparently she was sick all the time. I was like, 'Don't worry, guys, I will take care of this dog.' No one asked, but she automatically became our mascot. I guess I just really like nursing things.'
It's easy to forget, especially when a character becomes a cultural touchstone so quickly, like Wednesday did, that Ortega is a 22-year-old trying to figure out who she wants to be in the world (and not, you know, Wednesday Addams). 'What's so strange about a character like Wednesday is that Wednesday is an outcast and an outsider—but she's also a pop-culture icon,' says Ortega. 'So, in a strange way, I feel like I've become a pop actor—if that makes sense. And that's something I never saw for myself.'
Taking on so many other films in a row allowed Ortega to 'feel like an actor again.' When she's not working, which these days is rare, Ortega is trying on different hats, different modes of creative expression ('I just tried painting a couple days ago; that was exciting and really scary'), and new ways of coping with the stress and anxiety of all of it. 'I've gotten into Transcendental Meditation, which is usually how I like to start my morning,' she says. 'I think I maybe handle my stress better, or I'm really indecisive, so maybe I'm just putting less pressure on those things.'
'I'm very grateful for my audience, ' Ortega says. 'And I want to be able to give back to them. But I also want to do things that are creatively fulfilling to me. So it's finding that balance of doing movies that they might be interested in and then doing movies that I'm interested in.' Right now, she's looking forward to roles that are 'older and bolder and different,' she says. 'And then I want to be able to line up all of my girls and see something different in all of them.'
Hair: Ward; makeup: Dick Page; manicure: Yoko Sakakura for OPI; production: One Thirty-Eight Productions; set design: BG Porter
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Functional Lab Tests Are Everywhere. But How Many Biomarkers Do You Really Need Tested To Be Healthy?
Functional Lab Tests Are Everywhere. But How Many Biomarkers Do You Really Need Tested To Be Healthy?

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Functional Lab Tests Are Everywhere. But How Many Biomarkers Do You Really Need Tested To Be Healthy?

"Hearst Magazines and Yahoo may earn commission or revenue on some items through these links." It may feel nearly impossible to scroll through social media these days without seeing ads for trendy, pricey functional medicine subscription services and at-home tests that promise to unlock key health insights—all from your bloodwork. These tests claim to decode your biomarkers, which are essentially data points that hint at what's going on in your body. Ordering one of these functional bloodwork panels might sound tempting if you want quick answers for hard-to-solve health problems—but not everyone needs them. If you have a primary care provider (PCP) you're probably getting an annual standard or 'traditional' label panel at your physical that's often covered by insurance. This typically includes complete blood count (CBC), comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP), and a basic cholesterol panel, says Allie Buttarazzi, MD, an internal and lifestyle medicine physician at Maine Street Medical. 'These tests are widely used in conventional medicine and include about 30 markers in total—for example, glucose, sodium, and potassium in a CMP, or hemoglobin and white blood cells in a CBC,' she says. Meet the experts: Allie Buttarazzi, MD, is an internal and lifestyle medicine physician at Maine Street Medical. Pooja Gidwani, MD, is a board-certified physician in internal and obesity medicine and concierge doctor focused on hormones, longevity, and weight optimization. Eleanor Yusupov, DO, is an assistant professor at New York Institute of Technology's medical school in Old Westbury, New York. Functional lab tests, on the other hand, can include up to hundreds of biomarkers, and usually aren't covered by insurance, making them pretty pricey. 'These tests might look at hormone metabolites, nutrient levels, inflammation markers, gut microbiome diversity, or advanced cardiometabolic risk factors,' Dr. Buttarazzi says. They also include biomarkers that aren't yet supported by strong clinical evidence, so 'some results may fall into a gray zone—not necessarily harmful, but not proven helpful, either,' she adds. Still, many people are turning to companies like Function Health and InsideTracker to optimize their health and uncover the root of their symptoms 'after traditional panels have left them feeling dismissed, confused, or without real solutions,' says Pooja Gidwani, MD, a board-certified physician in internal and obesity medicine and concierge doctor. But do you actually need to invest in an extensive lab test on your own, or does your normal PCP's bloodwork suffice? Ahead, doctors break down which biomarkers you actually need to have tested and what to consider before paying for an expensive lab service. Do I actually need to get a comprehensive biomarker panel done? 'It's important to perform comprehensive lab tests periodically (at least once a year) for most adults, and testing done by primary care doctors is usually sufficient for most people,' says Eleanor Yusupov, DO, an assistant professor at New York Institute of Technology's medical school in Old Westbury, New York. The purpose of a traditional lab is just different from a functional one. 'Basic lab panels are often enough when we're screening for common, silent risk factors—like high cholesterol or early signs of metabolic disease,' Dr. Buttarazzi says. 'These standard tests are designed to catch problems that don't usually show symptoms until they're more advanced, which makes them useful for general screening.' However, exploring other biomarkers in-depth can provide additional insight that typical tests might miss. 'Traditional panels are a great starting point, but they're often focused on detecting or preventing disease, not assertively optimizing health,' or diving further into how your biomarkers might impact your energy, cognition, sleep, and stress, Dr. Gidwani says. Traditional labs may also not be sufficient for people with specific health conditions, like heart disease, anemia, or diabetes, Dr. Yusupov adds. In these cases, you'll probably need to have your doc order more tests specific to your condition. If you have persistent, unexplained symptoms, a unique diet or medical history, or you're simply getting older, comprehensive testing might help fill in the gaps, Dr. Buttarazzi says. 'For example, I routinely check vitamin B12, vitamin D, and iron in my patients who eat a predominantly plant-based diet. These nutrients are either less available in plant-based forms or are harder to absorb,' Dr. Buttarazzi says. She also keeps an eye on these markers in older adults since nutrient absorption naturally declines with age. 'I see comprehensive testing as a way to personalize care—not to replace evidence-based screening, but to go deeper when needed,' she says. But if you feel fine, your annual check-up bloodwork panel will likely suffice, and there's no need to go for a more comprehensive one, especially because many of the tests offered by companies like Function Health—for example, glucose levels, calcium, kidney, liver and thyroid function tests, HIV, testing for sexually transmitted infections—are routinely recommended by primary care physicians and gynecologists anyway, says Dr. Yusupov. (However, your doctor may not automatically order those specific labs, so you have to request them—and in many cases, the patient needs to have a specific health concern for which a certain test is necessary.) If you want extensive labs done, the key is to clarify your intention and the goal behind them—and make sure you're evaluating everything in context with a trusted provider. 'I don't recommend using programs that run hundreds of tests without understanding your history, symptoms, or goals, and especially those that don't even include a consultation,' says Dr. Gidwani. 'Without proper guidance, you end up with information overload, anxiety, and no clear next steps.' Overall, the goal should be tailoring your labs to your body, conditions, concerns, and what insights you're hoping to gain. Who's a good candidate for additional biomarker testing? If you've already done traditional panels and you're still confused, frustrated, or don't have solutions for a specific health issue, you may be a good candidate for additional labs, Dr. Gidwani says. You can also benefit if you simply want to learn about your health. 'I use these panels most often for people who want to be proactive (not just reactive or preventive), those who are looking beyond symptom relief, and people aiming for prevention, performance, and longevity,' she adds. Anyone in their 30s through 60s who wants to boost longevity Professionals, parents, or people under chronic stress People recovering from chronic illness or long COVID Women in perimenopause feeling dismissed by the traditional system People with strong family history of heart disease, diabetes, dementia, and/or autoimmune disease Anyone dealing with vague, but persistent symptoms like fatigue, brain fog, or unexplained weight gain despite 'normal' traditional labs People who want to protect their energy, focus, and resilience as they age "The common thread is that these panels give us visibility into early dysfunction, help personalize interventions, and allow us to act before problems become diagnoses,' Dr. Gidwani says. Which biomarkers are worth testing? Again, sticking to a traditional panel at your PCP is usually fine. But if you do opt for extra labs, here are a few biomarker categories that may deliver some clinical insight: Metabolic Health Fasting insulin and glucose: For these, you can look at Homeostasis Model Assessment-estimated Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), Dr. Gidwani says. This can help detect early insulin resistance, which is one of the most important markers of aging and metabolic health. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): This represents your average blood sugar over the last 90 days, which can be used to diagnose diabetes. FYI, you can have a normal HbA1c and normal glucose, but also testing for insulin can provide more context and show if you're insulin resistant, Dr. Buttarazzi says. Triglycerides and HDL ratio: High triglycerides can indicate insulin resistance, and your total cholesterol to HDL ratio captures cholesterol, which is another indicator of metabolic health and cardiovascular risk, Dr. Gidwani says. Uric acid: Created when your body breaks down chemicals in food and drinks, most uric acid dissolves, passes through your kidneys, and leaves your body as urine. Too much uric acid can be related to kidney conditions and gout, per Dr. Gidwani. Cardiovascular Risk and Lipid Particle Analysis Apolipoprotein B: Reflects the total number of atherogenic particles, which can promote the development of plaque that blocks your arteries, per Cleveland Clinic. It's partially impacted by genetics, but it's also highly responsive to diet, exercise, and medications like statins and other meds that help lower LDL cholesterol, Dr. Gidwani says. Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1): ApoA1 is the main protein carried in HDL cholesterol (the 'good' one), and measuring it can help your doctor detect your risk for heart disease. You might need this test if you know you're at risk for heart disease, or if you've already had heart problems, like a heart attack, per the University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC). Like ApoB, your ApoA1 can be influenced by genetics, exercise, and nutrition, Dr. Gidwani says. Lipoprotein(a) or Lp(a): Lp(a) is a genetically-inherited LDL-like particle that is strongly associated with cardiovascular risk, Dr. Gidwani says. Elevated levels of Lp(a) can indicate increased risk of heart disease, but you can have high Lp(a) even if you have a healthy lifestyle, and many people don't have symptoms, per the American Heart Association (AHA). Although Lp(a) doesn't change over your lifetime and only needs to be checked once, it provides more information than a traditional lipid panel, so it's still important for people at high risk of cardiovascular disease, Dr. Yusupov says. If you have a personal family history of heart disease or known family history of high Lp(a), it may be a good idea to speak with a healthcare professional and get it checked out since it factors into your overall risk, per the AHA. These biomarkers are also important for women who are moving from perimenopause to menopause, says Dr. Buttarazzi. 'Just that drop in estrogen is going to cause some markers to go up for the very first time.' Estrogen acts as a 'traffic controller' for helping your liver clear out 'bad' cholesterol, she says, and estrogen can also help keep Lp(a) in check—so when estrogen drops, Lp(a) levels can rise. Inflammation and Aging Markers High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP, or hs-CRP): CRP rises when there's inflammation in the body. Glycoprotein acetylation (GlycA): Elevated GlycA can indicate systemic inflammation. Interleukin-6 (IL-6): This biomarker may be associated with frailty and aging, including sarcopenia (muscle loss), impaired immune function, reduced resilience to stressors like illness or surgery, and increased risk of chronic disease, Dr. Gidwani says. 'When we see persistently elevated IL-6, it may suggest that the body is in a chronic inflammatory state that contributes to vulnerability, fatigue, reduced physical capacity, and slower recovery, which are all hallmarks of frailty,' she explains. Hormonal and Adrenal Health Estradiol (E2), progesterone, and testosterone (free and total): These markers can offer valuable insights about hormonal health, especially during perimenopause when hormone levels are changing, says Dr. Gidwani. Estradiol (E2) gives the clearest picture of a woman's active estrogen levels, especially during their reproductive years and throughout perimenopause, Dr. Gidwani adds. Looking at testosterone and progesterone can also help explain a wide range of symptoms, from mood shifts and sleep disturbances to irregular cycles, she says. What about fertility? The above biomarkers may offer valuable insight into fertility, but their usefulness depends heavily on timing and context, Dr. Gidwani says. For example, estradiol is typically measured early in your cycle to assess ovarian function, while progesterone is measured after ovulation. Testosterone doesn't directly determine fertility, but it may influence libido, energy, and ovulatory health, especially if you have PCOS where elevated testosterone can interfere with your cycle, she explains. That said, in perimenopausal women, estradiol and progesterone become less reliable as fertility markers, and a single lab test may not reflect true ovulatory function or ovarian reserve, Dr. Gidwani says. 'In these cases, more comprehensive testing is often needed, including anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and ultrasound-based antral follicle count,' she says. In particular, AMH reflects the number of remaining eggs and is one of the most consistent markers of ovarian reserve across the cycle, she says.'When interpreted together, these labs can help provide a fuller picture of reproductive health, though no single test can determine fertility on its own,' Dr. Gidwani says. Dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S): This hormone, produced by the adrenal glands, is helpful for assessing adrenal health and stress resilience, says Dr. Gidwani. Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG): SHBG can influence hormone availability, Dr. Gidwani says. 'If SHBG is too high (even if your total hormone levels look normal), you may still experience symptoms of deficiency like fatigue, low libido, mood changes, or weight gain, because not enough of those hormones are free and active,' she says. Conversely, low SHBG can be associated with insulin resistance or androgen excess. 'SHBG provides essential context that allows us to interpret hormone levels accurately and tailor treatment more precisely during perimenopause or other hormone shifts,' Dr. Gidwani says. Cortisol: This biomarker can be useful for diagnosing conditions like Cushing's syndrome (when your body has too much cortisol) and Addison's disease (not enough cortisol), per Dr. Buttarazzi. But because cortisol levels change throughout the day and several factors can influence it—like stress, physical activity, medications, and sleep—having an abnormal cortisol result doesn't necessarily mean you have a medical condition, per Cleveland Clinic. Make sure to opt for timed cortisol testing, which evaluates your cortisol rhythm throughout the day to give you a sense of the patterns that affect your energy, sleep, and recovery, Dr. Gidwani says. Thyroid Function Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH): TSH is produced by your pituitary gland, and it's a standard screening marker that can give you a better sense of your thyroid health, says Dr. Gidwani. High TSH can indicate hypothyroidism and low TSH can indicate hyperthyroidism, per Cleveland Clinic. Free T3 and Free T4: TSH alone doesn't always give you the full picture of how well your thyroid is functioning, Dr. Gidwani says—so you should also test Free T3 and Free T4 (which indicate your active thyroid hormones) to get a fuller, more detailed picture. 'Free T3 and Free T4 are the active forms of thyroid hormone that directly affect your metabolism, energy levels, mood, and cognitive function,' Dr. Gidwani says. Your 'TSH could be normal while Free T3 is low, which might explain fatigue, brain fog, or weight changes,' she says. Reverse T3: Testing this marker can help identify hypothyroidism or stress-related suppression, Dr. Gidwani says. TPO and TG antibodies: These are early markers of autoimmune thyroid disease, per Dr. Gidwani. Micronutrient and Cellular Health Vitamin D: Optimal vitamin D levels support immune function, hormonal health, bone strength, insulin sensitivity, and even mood regulation, Dr. Gidwani says—and chronically low levels have been linked to higher risk of cardiovascular disease, autoimmune conditions, metabolic syndrome, and depression. It may even help reduce risk of dementia. Checking vitamin D levels is also recommended for people with low bone mass (osteopenia or osteoporosis) and kidney disease, says Dr. Yusupov. : This one's essential for red blood cell production and neurological health. 'Deficiency can cause fatigue, cognitive changes, and nerve symptoms like numbness, tingling, burning sensations, or even electric shock-like feelings,' says Dr. Gidwani. Checking your B12 is important for memory, energy, and it can be especially helpful for vegans (since B12 is not naturally found in plants) and people who have had weight loss surgery (who may be more susceptible to deficiency), she says. Folate: Also known as vitamin B9, folate works with vitamin B12 and is another marker that plays a role in reducing cardiovascular risk. Methylmalonic acid (MMA): Even if your vitamin B12 levels are normal, it doesn't always reflect whether your cells are able to use it. A methylmalonic acid (MMA) test, which indirectly measures how well vitamin B12 is working in the body, can help catch deficiency early. 'That's why MMA is especially helpful when symptoms are present but standard B12 levels look fine,' Dr. Gidwani says. Magnesium: It supports enzymes involved in metabolism, blood sugar regulation, muscle function, and sleep, Dr. Gidwani says. More daily magnesium has also been linked to lower dementia risk. 'Deficiency can contribute to fatigue, insulin resistance, headaches, and anxiety, yet it's often missed in routine bloodwork,' she adds. index: This biomarker is 'strongly predictive of cardiovascular and cognitive health,' says Dr. Gidwani. Low levels are associated with chronic inflammation, depression, and neurodegenerative risk, but it's easy to improve with targeted nutrition, she adds. Iron: This essential mineral is key for the production of red blood cells. Low iron stores can affect your energy, thyroid function, and exercise capacity, Dr. Gidwani says. Ferritin: High ferritin can reflect inflammation or hemochromatosis (known as iron overload), which can cause serious damage to your heart, liver, pancreas, and even your joints, per Cleveland Clinic. Total iron binding capacity (TIBC): TIBC can also help diagnose iron overload and iron-deficiency anemia, per Cleveland Clinic. So what about my biological age score? Functional labs can sometimes calculate your biological age, which supposedly tells you how 'old' you are based on your bloodwork or a saliva test. Technically, biological age results are determined by looking at telomere length (DNA at the end of a chromosome) and by examining your 'epigenetic clock'—an analysis of your DNA patterns to help you see if you're truly aging slower or faster than your chronological age suggests, Dr. Gidwani says. But many companies estimate biological age by a combination of biomarkers like blood pressure, blood sugar, cholesterol levels, heart rate, height, and weight, per Cleveland it sounds fun to find your biological age, the metrics are questionable since every company likely uses a different method to land on a number, per Dr. Buttarazzi. So, if this marker is included on one of your extensive lab tests, you should probably take your results with a grain of salt. What do biomarkers really say about our health? Biomarkers are just one piece of the puzzle, and they shouldn't be seen as the end-all, be-all for your health. Biomarkers can tell you a lot, especially when it comes to identifying dysfunction and getting personalized guidance for healthspan and longevity, Dr. Gidwani says. But doctors say it's also important to back up and look at the big picture of what might be making you feel off—like lack of sleep or other lifestyle habits that could be hindering your health. And even the best data has its limits. Sometimes, biomarkers give us too much information that isn't relevant or that causes unnecessary worry, Dr. Gidwani says. Review results with a physician who can give you a full, holistic picture of your health—and ensure that you're on a path to long-term well-being. You Might Also Like Jennifer Garner Swears By This Retinol Eye Cream These New Kicks Will Help You Smash Your Cross-Training Goals

Doctors' Number-1 Tip to Prevent This Serious Kind of Infection
Doctors' Number-1 Tip to Prevent This Serious Kind of Infection

Yahoo

time4 hours ago

  • Yahoo

Doctors' Number-1 Tip to Prevent This Serious Kind of Infection

"Hearst Magazines and Yahoo may earn commission or revenue on some items through these links." The Staphylococcus bacteria that cause staph infections are with you always, minding their own business as they live on your skin and in your nose, per the Cleveland Clinic. But if they get inside your body, via a cut, skin infection, or contaminated food, for example, they can cause problems like blisters and sores, digestive woes, and potentially more serious ailments like toxic shock syndrome and sepsis. Fortunately, experts say it's easy to prevent a staph infection—and the keys are personal hygiene practices that you're likely already doing to keep yourself healthy and avoid viruses and infections in your daily life. Meet the experts: Paul Fey, Ph.D., the associate director of the Center for Staphylococcal Research at the University of Nebraska Medical Center; David Cennimo, M.D., assistant professor of medicine-pediatrics infectious disease at Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Joshua Zeichner, M.D, director of cosmetic and clinical research in dermatology at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City; Richard Watkins, M.D., infectious diseases physician and a professor of internal medicine at Northeast Ohio Medical University; Gary Goldenberg, M.D., assistant clinical professor of dermatology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital. Here, doctors share the simple strategies that will keep the Staphylococcus bacteria from making you sick—plus when it might be worthwhile to give your provider a call if you suspect you have contracted a staph infection. 3 ways to prevent a staph infection Wash your hands. Washing your hands thoroughly and often—especially when you'll be handling food or touching a wound or broken skin—is the best way to prevent a staph infection, said Paul Fey, Ph.D., the associate director of the Center for Staphylococcal Research at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. If you need to go to the doctor's office or to a hospital, for any reason, make sure that everybody that is seeing you is washing their hands too, said David Cennimo, M.D., assistant professor of medicine-pediatrics infectious disease at Rutgers New Jersey Medical School. According to the Swedish Institute College of Health Sciences, the risk of a more serious staph infection is higher in healthcare facilities than out in public, thanks to the array of bacteria present and the number of open wounds and invasive procedures taking place. 'It's ok to ask 'did you wash your hands?'," Dr. Cennimo said, adding that alcohol hand sanitizers can do just as well. Keep cuts clean. Cuts and open wounds provide a doorway through which staph bacteria can get into your body, so you want to keep them as clean as possible. 'Make sure you tend to any open skin by cleaning the area, applying over-the-counter antibiotic ointment and then covering with a bandage to protect the area,' said Joshua Zeichner, M.D, director of cosmetic and clinical research in dermatology at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. You should also try to keep broken skin (such as itchy rashes, cuts, and sores) away from gym equipment and other surfaces that may be harboring bacteria. 'Do not share personal care products like razors, as they can spread bacteria, and avoid direct contact of the skin with someone who has crusts, scabs, or signs of an active infection themselves,' Dr. Zeichner added. Go gentle in the shower. While you may be tempted to give yourself an intense scrubbing in the shower to optimize your hygiene, especially if you have a cut or a sore that you're trying to keep from getting infected, it's not recommended. 'Don't dry out your skin or scrub too hard in the shower because if you have dry cracked skin, bacteria can hide in those cracks,' said Dr. Cennimo. Not only can they hide, but they can use cracks as an entry point into your body the same way they can use cuts and other wounds. So after your shower or following any kind of exfoliation, be sure to moisturize! When to see a doctor if you're worried about a staph infection. Early signs of a staph infection, according to NYU Langone Health, typically include skin redness, warmth, swelling, tenderness, and blisters. If you notice any of these, especially accompanied by a high fever or signs of systemic infection (fever, chills, change in activity level) you should seek urgent medical care, said Dr. Cennimo. 'Things that look like a skin infection that are lasting more than a day that are expanding rapidly, that are making you have a fever, that are particularly painful, you really need to be evaluated.' Also, if someone you have had contact with has a staph infection and you have new symptoms on your skin, seeing a doctor would be a good idea, added Richard Watkins, M.D., infectious diseases physician and a professor of internal medicine at Northeast Ohio Medical University. Staph bacteria can be spread from person to person through skin-to-skin contact, according to the Mayo Clinic. It can also live on hand towels and clothes long enough to transfer to the next person to touch them. If you have eczema, make sure it's treated and see a doctor if you have any uncontrolled or infected-looking flare-ups, said Gary Goldenberg, M.D., assistant clinical professor of dermatology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital. Skin damage from a particularly bad eczema flare-up can up your risk of contracting a staph infection, per the Mayo Clinic. Unless you have an angry skin boil or blemish, spotting a staph infection is going to be difficult, since the symptoms can overlap with all sorts of health conditions, Dr. Fey said. When in doubt, see your doctor, who can give you a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. Additional reporting by Korin Miller and Madeleine Haase You Might Also Like Can Apple Cider Vinegar Lead to Weight Loss? Bobbi Brown Shares Her Top Face-Transforming Makeup Tips for Women Over 50

'Wednesday' Season 2 Review — Jenna Ortega Shines In A Series That Is A Grave Delight
'Wednesday' Season 2 Review — Jenna Ortega Shines In A Series That Is A Grave Delight

Geek Vibes Nation

time6 hours ago

  • Geek Vibes Nation

'Wednesday' Season 2 Review — Jenna Ortega Shines In A Series That Is A Grave Delight

The first season of Wednesday embraced what The Addams Family always has: valuing otherness, challenging conformity, and exploring identity in the face of societal expectations. The show gradually shifted focus to center around its magnetic lead, becoming a metaphor for misunderstood teen angst. With a storyline full of thrills, chills, and howls, it delivered addictive and engrossing television. This level of audience anticipation is rare, with fans champing at the bit for a second season and keeping the flames alive for three long years. Now, the series returns with a second season that's back to its eccentric and gothic best. The production value is top-notch, the cast is star-studded, and the deadpan humor perfectly offsets the show's dark, almost ominous tendencies. In short, Wednesday's second season, along with its star Jenna Ortega, is a grave delight. The story follows Wednesday Addams (Ortega), who—according to her mother, Morticia (Chicago's Catherine Zeta-Jones)—has, for the first time, voluntarily returned to the same school. Reflecting on Nevermore Academy, Wednesday deadpans that this time she 'knows where the bodies are buried' (see what I mean about a grave delight?). After saving the school from impending doom, her fellow students now ask for her autograph. Though Wednesday insists it be signed in blood. Their reply? They wouldn't expect anything less. Enid (A Good Girl's Guide to Murder's Emma Myers) returns as Wednesday's 'woofish' best friend, a werewolf who tries so hard to fit in, where Wednesday shows her the gifts of autonomy. The series still focuses on this friendship dynamic. However, the series also begins to look into the nuclear Addams family characters, but more closely. This brings even more eccentric fun. For instance, Fred Armisen, whom I will admit, I can only take in small doses, plays Fester with a surprising amount of humor and heart. And that is where half the fun of Netflix's Wednesday is. I stress half because the streaming giant only provided the first four episodes. The mystery expands far beyond Nevermore's walls and into the secret the Addams family has hidden from Wednesday all these years. Wednesday is from producer Tim Burton and showrunners Alfred Gough and Miles Millar, who also wrote Beetlejuice, Beetlejuice for Burton. Returning to the original intellectual property was a smart move. The superb cast—Catherine Zeta-Jones, Fred Armisen, Isaac Ordonez, and the scene-stealing Luis Guzmán- fully embody the series' themes in a genuinely entertaining way. Here, this group embraces the idea that their utter uniqueness should be celebrated, not feared. Being a Burton production, both elements are put on full display, making the juxtaposition consistently compelling. The writing from Gough and Millar is sincere, if not occasionally over-the-top. This makes nearly every scene feel unpredictable, darkly whimsical, and surprisingly human. The show manages to be frightening and, at the same time, side-splittingly funny. Frankly, the series works on so many levels. It's hard to believe the sophomore effort holds together so well without being pulled too far in any one direction. However, let's make no mistake—the series is carried by Ortega, who continues to thrive in a role that expertly showcases her talents. That includes her sharp comedic timing, where 'deadpan' is more than just a pun. She also brings a charismatic stillness and expressive restraint that's rare for any young actress. Most importantly, it's the emotional nuance beneath the surface that gives the series its unexpected depth. It is Ortega's sardonic and acoustically entertaining turn that saved the first season and delivered an even better second. You can stream Wednesday's second season only on Netflix on August 6th!

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