Israel-Iran conflict in 'decisive phase' after US strikes, say experts
The Israel-Iran conflict has entered a "decisive phase" after the US bombed three major Iranian nuclear sites Sunday morning, feel strategic affairs experts with some of them arguing it was Washington's "responsibility" to not get involved in the military standoff.
The US attacked Iranian nuclear sites at Fordow,
Natanz
and Esfahan, bringing itself into the Israel-Iran conflict. Later, US President Donald Trump said the Iranian nuclear sites were "totally obliterated".
Former diplomat and author Rajiv Dogra criticised the US move and said only time will tell whether there has been a "radiation leak or if that has been contained in one way or the other" after the strikes.
by Taboola
by Taboola
Sponsored Links
Sponsored Links
Promoted Links
Promoted Links
You May Like
Cardiologist Reveals: The Simple Morning Habit for a Flatter Belly After 50!
Lulutox
Undo
Some experts underlined the old civilisational ties between India and
Iran
to say the bilateral relations will "suffer in the process" as the Iran-Israel confrontation has intensified with the US involvement.
They warned that if Tehran chooses to close the Strait of Hormuz -- the critical oil corridor connecting the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Sea -- in retaliation to the US strikes, the global economy as well as the Indian economy would be severely impacted.
Live Events
"Iran naturally will look at all options that are available to it. Closing the Strait of Hormuz or attacking shipping going through it are the options that seem it (Iran) might exercise," Dogra conjectured.
If it does that, naturally all countries getting oil from the Gulf nations through the strait would get affected, in terms of supplies and eventually soaring oil prices, he said.
"So, it will be naturally hurtful for the world economy and the Indian economy. Besides our industries, even the common people who depend on petrol for vehicles will get affected," the former diplomat told PTI.
He said the US has simply played the role of a "spoiler".
"Even if there was a chance for things to deescalate, the US strikes have made sure that things would not deescalate quickly. As almost a sole superpower still, it was its responsibility that it should not have got into the act," he said.
Dogra said the US could have played the role of "stabiliser" in a situation which is already quite serious. Immediate resolution of this conflict doesn't seem likely now, he argued.
The former diplomat said that once the nuclear facilities of a country are damaged in attack, then "all bets are off".
"Because there are international regulations which forbid escalation to the extent that nuclear site is attacked. Radiation leaks can affect many many people and many many generations. Not just in the country where it is attacked but also in nearby nations."
Another former diplomat and strategic expert Dilip
Sinha
said, "The war has now entered a decisive phase."
"Israel had already gained air superiority over Iran. Now America is getting involved and it is causing such a heavy devastation to the nuclear installations of Iran," he added.
Iran's capacity to retaliate is "considerably reduced" now, Sinha said. He also echoed Dogra's views on the possibility of closure of the Strait of Hormuz and its ramifications, economic and otherwise, for India and other countries importing oil from the Gulf region.
He argued that if the critical corridor is closed, not just the supply will be impacted but oil prices will also go up.
Israel launched a military action under
Operation Rising Lion
against Iran on June 13, targeting nuclear facilities. Iran has since then responded by firing missiles at Israel.
"There is a fear of regional conflagration. But I don't see that happening because not too many countries have come out in support of Israel yet," he added.
Sinha also conjectured that it is possible for Iran to block the narrow Strait of Hormuz after the US strikes. If that happens, "India will be affected, and overall the price of oil will go up", he said.
The conflict certainly presents a challenge to India which has had closer relations with Iran, the former diplomat said, adding that India wants to have good relations with Iran, for historical, civilisational and geostrategic reasons as well.
Amid fears of radiation leak, the
International Atomic Energy Agency
(IAEA) posted on X on Sunday, "Following attacks on three nuclear sites in Iran - including Fordow - the
IAEA
can confirm that no increase in off-site radiation levels has been reported as of this time. IAEA will provide further assessments on the situation in Iran as more information becomes available."
Lt Gen Kanwaljeet Singh Dhillon (retd) in an interaction with PTI
Videos
in
Mohali
said the attack on the three sites has been done with "specialised weapons that can hit deep within the ground to destroy nuclear facilities".
Asked how long the two sides can sustain the conflict, he said if they fire missiles at each other and fight a conventional war, they can sustain longer.
"But with the advent of precision weapons, Israel can hit inside a building. Attrition on Iran's side is higher than on the Israeli side and their military capabilities have been degraded," the retired army officer said.
On the possibility of the Strait of Hormuz being blocked, he claimed that if it continues for a few days, it would "not have an immediate impact on the demand-supply chain" but would affect the stock markets.
Experts also referred to a meeting of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) underway in Turkiye, in the backdrop of the conflict.
"Islamic countries are a house divided," Dogra argued.
Asked if New Delhi can play some role in contributing to de-escalation in the region, he said, "India is friendly both with Israel and Iran, and its voice counts. It can definitely play a role in cooling down the tension and not let the crisis escalate further."
Israel on June 13 targeted Iran's nuclear and missile production and storage facilities to get rid of both. It has for years been calling Iran's nuclear programme an existential threat and has vowed to foil its nuclear ambition at any cost.
Iran has maintained that its nuclear programme is for peaceful purposes.
Hashtags
Try Our AI Features
Explore what Daily8 AI can do for you:
Comments
No comments yet...
Related Articles
Indian Express
22 minutes ago
- Indian Express
With its strikes against Iran, US may be wading into a conflict it cannot manage
In what may prove to be a defining moment for Donald Trump's presidency, in the early hours of June 22, the US directly entered the Israel-Iran war. In a swift operation, US planes targeted three nuclear sites in Iran and retreated. The American media reported that US B-2 Spirit stealth bombers dropped 30,000-pound, GPS-guided, bunker buster bombs — GBU-57 Massive Ordnance Penetrator (MOP) — on the underground site at Fordow, while the other two sites at Natanz and Isfahan were targeted by Tomahawk missiles. Breaking the news on Truth Social, Trump ended his post with 'Now is the time for peace.' The assertion seems to flow from his oft-repeated doctrine of 'Peace through strength'. However, the history of US wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, based on the same doctrine, certainly brought no peace to either of these nations or to the US. The bloodshed continued for years and extremist groups like al Qaeda and Daesh/Islamic State emerged from these wars to haunt the world. Could the US get bogged down with yet another war? What would it mean for Trump? Trump has often stated that his objective is to ensure that Iran does not have nuclear weapons. However, over the past few weeks, Trump clearly listed two goals and one aspiration. The first goal was that Iran should negotiate a deal for a peaceful nuclear programme and totally give up enrichment capability, and the second goal was that Iran should surrender in the war with Israel. His aspiration was to see a regime change in Iran; he had even threatened possible action in this regard in the future. Has the targeting of three nuclear sites brought Trump closer to achieving his goals and aspirations? Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian has emphasised that Iran will not bring its nuclear programme to 'zero'. A couple of hours after the US airstrikes, Iran restarted air attacks on targets in Tel Aviv and Haifa in Israel. Iranian officials have claimed that Fordow had been 'completely emptied and evacuated' a long time ago and that it did not suffer 'irreversible' damage. It is not hard to imagine Iran taking precautions by taking a cue from the US airstrikes on Houthi targets earlier. Western media reports had indicated that since late-March, the US had deployed six B-2 Spirit stealth bombers at the base in Diego Garcia in the Indian Ocean. These bombers were reportedly used to drop a GBU-57 MOP on underground Houthi targets in Yemen, while the US was engaged in warding off attacks on US vessels in the Red Sea. Initially developed for 'psychological' effect, the 'MOP' was perhaps used to achieve a deal with the Houthis — which happened in May — with both sides pledging not to attack each other. It would be hard to ascertain whether uranium-enriching centrifuges and the stock of enriched uranium remain intact, without having international inspections or invading Iran. Moreover, Russia has clearly warned against the targeting of the Russian-built Bushehr nuclear power plant in Iran. Apart from the presence of hundreds of Russians building more nuclear facilities at the site, Russia had warned that an attack on the plant would have consequences comparable to the Chernobyl accident in the former USSR in 1986. The Chernobyl accident led to prolonged release into the atmosphere of large quantities of radioactive substances, including gases, aerosols and finely fragmented nuclear fuel particles. Due to specific conditions such as graphite fires and winds, radioactivity had spread across the northern hemisphere, mainly Europe, and was also recorded in the US, Canada and Japan. The targeting of nuclear sites which are not nuclear power plants, with the objective of destroying centrifuges used for uranium enrichment, remains a dangerous proposition too. These nuclear sites may also be storage sites for radioactive material, including Spent Fuel or High Level Waste (HLW), or even a research reactor. It is a great relief to the global community that the head of the Iranian National Centre for Nuclear Safety System has confirmed that no radioactive contamination or nuclear radiation was detected outside the targeted sites. By mid-morning, the IAEA too informed that no increase in 'off-site radiation levels' had been reported. The Saudi Nuclear and Radiological Regulatory Commission independently confirmed the same for all Gulf Cooperation Council States. The Kuwaiti National Guard too stated that the radiation levels in the air and water remained stable across the country. The fallout of targeting nuclear sites is and will remain the key concern for regional and global nations, a fact the US cannot ignore. By naming his successors, the supreme leader of Iran has ensured that the regime remains intact in any eventuality. The US attacks on nuclear sites in a country that takes pride in its scientific prowess are likely to solidify public support for the supreme leader as a rallying point. In the Israel-Iran war, sabotage, miscalculations or accidents could still draw US troops into the theatre. It might be recalled that about 125,000 US and British troops had invaded Iraq in March 2003 to oust Saddam Hussein, trapping the US in a bloody war which, over eight years, killed 4,400 of its soldiers and injured several thousands. The US withdrew fully by December 2011, but the destabilisation of the region saw the emergence of Daesh in Iraq around 2012 and the rise of a Caliphate. The US-led coalition was forced to return to the theatre in 2014. The rest is history. As more questions will be asked about the remaining capability of Iran, will the US continue to indulge in adventurism that could result in nuclear catastrophe for the region and beyond? Trump's economic plans would come to a standstill if he needs to manage the physical, political and legal fallout of such actions. With the airstrikes, the US has lost the power to bring Iran to the negotiating table on its own. It would need help from Russia and Europe, and maybe also China, to pursue nuclear talks with Iran. The world is in a dangerous phase. The writer is a security analyst and former director general of police
Time of India
26 minutes ago
- Time of India
Par panel to discuss judges' code of conduct
A Parliamentary panel is set to discuss the code of conduct for judges in the higher judiciary , even as the government is poised to move an impeachment motion against former Delhi High Court judge Justice Yashwant Varma . The judge is under scrutiny over the recovery of unaccounted for cash from his national capital residence. The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Personnel, Public Grievances, Law and Justice, in a meeting on Tuesday, will discuss the issue and will also deliberate on the post-retirement assignments of judges. by Taboola by Taboola Sponsored Links Sponsored Links Promoted Links Promoted Links You May Like 5 Books Warren Buffett Wants You to Read In 2025 Blinkist: Warren Buffett's Reading List Undo "The Committee will hear the Secretary, Department of Justice on the subject 'Judicial processes and their reform' concerning issues of Code of Conduct for the judges of higher judiciary and taking up post-retirement assignments by judges," a notice sent by the committee secretariat informed members of the panel. The Committee of the Rajya Sabha is headed by BJP MP Brij Lal and has former Chief Justice of India Ranjan Gogoi, who is a nominated MP, former minister of state for law P P Chaudhary, TMC MPs Sukhendu Sekhar Ray and Kalyan Banerjee, Congress's Vivek Tankha, and DMK's P Wilson and A Raja as its key members. Live Events While Justice Varma is likely to be impeached, the Opposition has already given a notice for the same action against Allahabad High Court judge Justice Shekhar Yadav. After the cash recovery, Justice Varma was repatriated to his parent court, the Allahabad High Court. He has denied the charges against him. The Rajya Sabha Secretariat is also verifying the signatures of the MPs who signed the impeachment notice against Justice Yadav for an alleged hate speech he gave. The secretariat has already written to the MPs to confirm their signatures.
The Print
28 minutes ago
- The Print
B-2 stealth bombers, 6 ‘bunker busters'—how US strikes on Iran unfolded
This article delves into the details of the strike, the targeted sites, the B-2 bomber, the MOP weapon, comparable munitions, and the potential damage inflicted. On 22 June at 0230 hours (2.30 am) local time in Iran, the United States Air Force (USAF) dropped bombs on three key Iranian nuclear facilities: Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan. The operation, described by President Donald Trump as a 'spectacular success', marked the first combat use of the GBU-57 Massive Ordnance Penetrator (MOP) and showcased the unparalleled capabilities of the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber. As President Donald Trump gave Iran a two-week deadline on 19 June, the world expected diplomacy to play out for some more time. A mere two days later, he ordered the United States Air Force to bomb Iran. Attack profile The airstrike was carried out by a formation of B-2 Spirit stealth bombers, departing from Whiteman Air Force Base in Missouri. The bombers flew over 40 hours to Fordow in a round-trip mission. The likely route involved a trans-Pacific flight and was supported by multiple mid-air refuellings by KC-135 Stratotanker aircraft. Surprisingly, the movement of the B-2 bombers and the Stratotankers was being widely reported on X. Despite the obvious loss of surprise, the formation executed the mission without any significant interference from the Iranians. The approach over Iran was made from the Arabian Sea, from vectors where SEAD/DEAD (Suppression/Destruction of Enemy Air Defences) operations had already degraded Iranian air defence significantly. It must be noted that Israel had executed these SEAD missions as part of Operation Rising Lion, launched on 13 June. The attack profile used the B-2's stealth capabilities: the aircraft can fly at approximately 50,000 feet (15,240 metres) and a speed of about 0.95 Mach (1173.06 kilometres per hour) to evade detection. Each B-2 bomber deployed carried two 30,000-pound (13,600 kilograms) GBU-57 MOP bombs. A US official confirmed that GBU-57s were dropped on Fordow and Natanz, six of them at the former site, which is more fortified. These strikes were also reportedly aided by submarine-launched Tomahawk Land Attack Missiles (TLAMs) at Natanz and Isfahan. Since the GBU-57 is essentially a 'gravity' bomb, the attack profile required the B-2s to fly close to the targets, exposing them to potential residual Iranian defences. The launch had to be made from within a precise 'bucket', requiring accurate piloting during the attack run. Also read: Iran's brutal regime is facing a reckoning. Consequences of US attack will go beyond Tehran Nuclear sites targeted 1. Fordow Anticipating an aerial attack from specialist weapons, the Iranians constructed a facility 300 feet (91 metres) beneath a mountain near Qom, called the Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant. It is Iran's most fortified nuclear enrichment facility. Built into a cave complex and reinforced with layers of concrete, it is designed to withstand conventional attacks. Fordow is protected by Russian-supplied air defence systems, though Israeli strikes had significantly degraded those to a level not considered threatening. The facility is critical to Iran's nuclear programme, with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) reporting in May 2025 that Fordow was enriching uranium to 60 per cent purity, taking it closer to the levels required for nuclear weapons. The site's depth and hardening posed a unique challenge. The only weapon that could possibly strike targets that deep was the GBU-57 MOP. Reportedly, the MOP can penetrate up to 200 feet (61 metres) of rock or concrete, requiring multiple hits at the same point to breach 300 feet of rock. 2. Natanz Natanz is Iran's oldest, largest, and most widely known uranium enrichment site. It features both underground as well as above-ground structures. The underground complex is not very deep, likely buried at only 20-30 feet (6-9 metres). While less fortified than Fordow, Natanz's underground centrifuges are critical to Iran's nuclear ambitions. Israeli strikes on 12 June, as part of the opening wave of Operation Rising Lion, damaged surface infrastructure. While the underground structures were targeted, the damage remains unknown. It made operational sense to strike this site again. The US used the GBU–57 and the Tomahawk missiles to ensure comprehensive destruction. 3. Isfahan The Isfahan nuclear research facility, less hardened than Fordow or Natanz, supports Iran's nuclear fuel cycle and research activities. The facility housed a Uranium Conversion Facility (UCF), which converts uranium ore concentrate (yellowcake) into uranium hexafluoride (UF6), a gaseous form used for enrichment, and uranium oxide (UO2), used in nuclear fuel production. Incidentally, the enriched uranium at this site was kept under IAEA safeguards. It was struck primarily with the Tomahawks, targeting surface infrastructure. While not a primary enrichment site, Isfahan's role in Iran's nuclear programme made it a strategic target in disrupting Tehran's broader capabilities. Also read: Trump's seduction of Asim Munir won't get him cheap labour to uphold American Peace B-2 Spirit stealth bomber The B-2 Spirit, developed by Northrop Grumman, is the USAF's premier stealth bomber, designed to penetrate sophisticated air defences and deliver precision strikes. The first operational aircraft, named 'Spirit of Missouri', was delivered to Whiteman Air Force Base, Missouri, in December 1993. The total programme cost for 21 B-2 bombers was approximately $45 billion. The B-2's flying-wing design, advanced stealth technology, and significantly large bomb bay made it an ideal platform for this high-risk mission. The B-2 has a range of over 6,000 nautical miles without refuelling, which is extendable to global reach with aerial refuelling. Its internal weapons bays, originally designed for 20,000-pound (9,000 kilograms) payloads, were modified to accommodate two 30,000-pound MOPs. The operating costs for B-2 bombers are substantial, estimated at $135,000 per flight hour, with maintenance requiring specialised facilities. The B-2's ability to carry nuclear and conventional munitions, including the B83 nuclear bomb and Joint Direct Attack Munitions (JDAMs), underscores its versatility. Crew preparation The B-2 Spirit is manned by a two-person crew, consisting of a pilot and mission commander. The crew would have meticulously prepared for this 40-hour mission over Iran. Preparing for an operation such as this typically involves extensive briefings on intelligence, flight routes, targets, and contingencies, alongside likely threats. For some complex missions, the crew would fly in a simulator before undertaking the live mission. Crew members make sure they're well-rested before an operation. During the long flight, they manage to rest by alternating naps in a designated area, using noise-cancelling headsets. Cockpit ergonomics and psychological training help mitigate stress. It must be noted that mental robustness is a key crew selection criterion for a B–2 crew member. They must be well-versed in precise navigation, real-time threat monitoring, and weapons deployment. They may also use approved stimulants like modafinil to enhance alertness, under strict medical oversight, ensuring sustained performance throughout the gruelling mission. The crew members probably breathed easy only after they exited Iranian airspace. Also read: Modi's 'no' to Trump isn't about peace or Pakistan. It's narrative warfare GBU-57 Massive Ordnance Penetrator The GBU-57 MOP, developed after the 2003 Iraq War by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), and Boeing, is the USAF's most powerful non-nuclear bomb. Designed to destroy deeply buried and hardened targets, it underwent testing from 2007 to 2011, with improvements in fuzing for controlled explosions in confined spaces. The MOP carries a 5,300-pound (2,404 kilograms) warhead of AFX-757 and PBXN-114 explosives. Encased in a high-performance steel alloy, the bomb can penetrate up to 200 feet before detonation. Soil penetration depends on the speed of impact and the composition of the surface. The 20.5-foot-long (6.2 metres) bomb is guided by GPS and an Inertial Navigation Unit (INU), ensuring precision. Each MOP costs approximately $20 million, reflecting its specialised design. Only the B-2 is certified to carry the MOP; the B-52 was tested but not cleared. The unmanned B-21 Raider is being prepared for future use. Israel lacks both the MOP and a compatible platform for it, necessitating US involvement. Comparable weapons 1. B61-11 Nuclear Bomb The B61-11 is a low-to-intermediate yield nuclear weapon in the US arsenal. It was designed specifically for bunker-busting missions to destroy hardened, deeply buried targets such as command bunkers or underground facilities. However, the use of a nuclear weapon carries significant environmental risks besides severe geopolitical ramifications. 2. GBU-43/B MOAB The GBU-43/B MOAB (Massive Ordnance Air Blast), nicknamed the 'Mother of All Bombs', is primarily a thermobaric weapon that uses atmospheric oxygen to create a massive blast wave and intense heat. This bomb is released from an MC-130E Combat Talon or a similar cargo aircraft like the C-130, using a drogue parachute to stabilise descent. Unlike the GBU-57 MOP, it is not carried by bombers like the B-2 Spirit. There is only one known use of this bomb. On 13 April 2017, a single GBU 43 was used against an Islamic State: the Khorasan Province (ISIS-K) tunnel complex in Achin District, in Afghanistan. Dropped by an MC-130, it achieved mixed results. The results were not found commensurate with the strategic risk of collateral damage and the high cost of the weapon. 3. FOAB Not to be left behind by the media attention garnered by the 'Mother of All Bombs', Russia tested its own thermobaric weapon, calling it FOAB (Father of All Bombs). Tested in 2007, the Russians claimed four times more destructive power than the MOAB. Its specifications are disputed, and it lacks the MOP's penetration capability, limiting its relevance to hardened targets. 4. Grand Slam The Grand Slam, officially designated as the 'Bomb, Medium Capacity, 22,000 lb', was a massive conventional bomb developed by the British Royal Air Force (RAF) during World War 2. It was one of the largest and most powerful weapons used in the war, designed as an 'earthquake bomb' to destroy heavily fortified or underground targets by creating shockwaves through the ground. It was used to target hardened German infrastructure. Damage assessment President Trump claimed the strikes 'completely and totally obliterated' Iran's nuclear facilities. The facilities at Natanz and Isfahan likely suffered significant damage from the Tomahawks, but credible battle damage assessment (BDA) is pending. Satellite imagery from Maxar depicted 'unusual truck and vehicular activity' at Fordow before the attack, suggesting Iran may have moved critical assets. Appearing on state-run TV, the deputy political director of Iran's state broadcaster, Hassan Abedini, said that the country 'didn't suffer a major blow because the materials had already been taken out'. Intelligence and defence analysts suggest that the strikes set Iran's nuclear programme back by years, but did not eliminate its knowledge base. The fate of approximately 400 kilograms of highly enriched uranium kept at Isfahan is also unknown. The operation's success hinges on whether Fordow's enrichment capabilities were disabled—a question that awaits further intelligence and imagery analysis. Also read: US strikes on Iranian nuclear sites draw Israel's praise, China calls it 'repeat of Iraq mistake' Radiological fallout The IAEA released a statement following the strikes on X. 'Following attacks on three nuclear sites in Iran – including Fordow – the IAEA can confirm that no increase in off-site radiation levels has been reported as of this time. IAEA will provide further assessments on situation in Iran as more information becomes available,' the post read. This statement does not offer any proof of the success or failure of the mission. What it does tell us is that enriched uranium was not directly hit. The airstrikes undertaken by the B-2 bombers on Iran's nuclear sites were a bold demonstration of US military power. The unique capability presented by the MOP takes away the concept of safe sanctuary and hardening of targets. With each B-2 costing over $2 billion, however, one cannot forget that such capabilities come at an immense cost. Group Captain Ajay Ahlawat is a retired IAF fighter pilot. He tweets @Ahlawat2012. Views are personal. (Edited by Prasanna Bachchhav)
