
Texas Data Centers Use 50 Billion Gallons of Water as State Faces Drought
Newsweek AI is in beta. Translations may contain inaccuracies—please refer to the original content.
Two data centers in San Antonio have used 463 million gallons of water in the past two years.
The Alamo City facilities, owned by Microsoft and the Army Corps, have drained water from the surrounding area despite difficult drought conditions throughout Texas.
Newsweek contacted the San Antonio Water System for more information via email.
Why It Matters
In 2025, data centers across the state are projected to use 49 billion gallons of water, enough to supply millions of households, primarily for cooling massive banks of servers that power generative AI and cloud computing. As Texas attracts tech giants with business-friendly policies and an independent energy grid, water resources have had to keep pace with both population growth and high-technology infrastructure.
The surge in the data centers' water use comes as Texas endures prolonged drought, with about a quarter of the state still experiencing dry conditions despite intermittent heavy rain and flooding.
Stock Image: A Texas resident surveys land and water flow near a flow meter station in Quemado, Texas, on February 22, 2023.
Stock Image: A Texas resident surveys land and water flow near a flow meter station in Quemado, Texas, on February 22, 2023.
Getty Images
What To Know
In San Antonio, data centers operated by Microsoft and the Army Corps consumed 463 million gallons between 2023 and 2024, even as local residents were restricted to watering lawns once per week under Stage 3 drought rules.
The Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC) estimated that Texas data centers would use 49 billion gallons of water in 2025, with consumption projected to soar to 399 billion gallons annually by 2030—representing almost 6.6 percent of the state's total water usage.
While midsize data centers typically use 300,000 gallons daily, comparable to consumption by 1,000 households, large-scale facilities such as those recently built or planned in Texas can consume as much as 4.5 million gallons daily.
Unlike electricity, where Senate Bill 6 granted the Electric Reliability Council of Texas authority to cut power to data centers and other heavy users during emergencies, no analogous state law exists to regulate their water use.
Most data centers rely on evaporative cooling, which consumes large volumes of water and results in significant waste lost to evaporation.
What People Are Saying
Margaret Cook, a water policy analyst at the Houston Advanced Research Center, told Techie + Gamers: "These centers are showing up in places that are very water-stressed. There's no requirement for them to have conversations with communities about how much water they'll use.
"So any of these communities that are allowing data centers in their community are gambling against being able to get new water from future state water plans, from future funding cycles. They're using up the water that was allocated to their population for the future."
What Happens Next
No state legislation limits water usage by Texas data centers, though lawmakers passed new provisions to suspend their power access during grid stress events. The Texas Water Development Board's next State Water Plan is not scheduled for completion until 2027.

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