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A volcano in Russia's Far East erupts for the first time in centuries

A volcano in Russia's Far East erupts for the first time in centuries

CTV News03-08-2025
This photo taken from video by Artem Sheldr shows an aerial view of the eruption of the Krasheninnikov volcano of the Eastern volcanic belt, about 200 km (125 miles) northeast of the regional center of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia far east, Sunday, Aug. 3, 2025. (Artem Sheldr via AP)
A volcano on Russia's far eastern Kamchatka Peninsula erupted overnight into Sunday for what scientists said is the first time in hundreds of years, days after a massive 8.8-magnitude earthquake.
The Krasheninnikov volcano sent ash 6 kilometers (3.7 miles) into the sky, according to staff at the Kronotsky Reserve, where the volcano is located. Images released by state media showed dense clouds of ash rising above the volcano.
'The plume is spreading eastward from the volcano toward the Pacific Ocean. There are no populated areas along its path, and no ashfall has been recorded in inhabited localities,' Kamchatka's emergencies ministry wrote on Telegram during the eruption.
The eruption was accompanied by a 7.0-magnitude earthquake and prompted a tsunami warning for three areas of Kamchatka. The tsunami warning was later lifted by Russia's Ministry for Emergency Services.
'This is the first historically confirmed eruption of the Krasheninnikov volcano in 600 years,' Olga Girina, head of the Kamchatka Volcanic Eruption Response Team, told Russian state news agency RIA Novosti.
The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, based in the U.S., however, lists Krasheninnikov's last eruption as occurring 475 years ago in 1550.
The reason for the discrepancy was not clear.
The Kamchatka Volcanic Eruption Response Team said late Sunday that the volcano's activity was decreasing but that 'moderate explosive activity' could continue.
The eruption occurred after a huge earthquake struck Russia's Far East early Wednesday, an 8.8-magnitude temblor that caused small tsunami waves in Japan and Alaska and prompted warnings for Hawaii, North and Central America and Pacific islands south toward New Zealand.
The Associated Press
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Scientists say they cruised the ocean in a deep-sea submersible and came across an undiscovered ecosystem
Scientists say they cruised the ocean in a deep-sea submersible and came across an undiscovered ecosystem

CTV News

timea day ago

  • CTV News

Scientists say they cruised the ocean in a deep-sea submersible and came across an undiscovered ecosystem

Scientists exploring the hadal zone between Russia and Alaska say they discovered the deepest known ecosystem, capable of sustaining life without sunlight. (Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering/Chinese Academy of Sciences (IDSSE, CAS) via CNN Newsource) Marine researchers exploring extreme depths say they have discovered an astonishing deep-sea ecosystem of chemosynthetic life that's fueled by gases escaping from fractures in the ocean bed. The expedition revealed methane-producing microbes and marine invertebrates that make their home in unforgiving conditions where the sun's rays don't reach, according to a new study. Geochemist Mengran Du had 30 minutes left in her submersible mission when she decided to explore one last stretch of the trenches that lie between Russia and Alaska, about 5,800 to 9,500 metres (19,000 to 30,000 feet) below the ocean's surface in what's called the hadal zone. She said she began to notice 'amazing creatures,' including various species of clam and tube worm that had never been recorded so deep below the surface. What Du stumbled upon was a roughly 2,500-kilometre (1,550-mile) stretch of what her team says is the deepest known ecosystem of organisms that use the chemical compound methane instead of sunlight to survive. Du is a co-lead author of a study describing the findings that was published July 30 in the journal Nature. The hadal zone is primarily comprised of oceanic trenches and troughs — some of the deepest and least explored environments on Earth. At these depths, 'life needs tricks to survive and thrive there,' explained Du, a professor and researcher at the Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. One of those tricks lies in bacteria that have evolved to live inside the clams and tube worms, according to the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration. The bacteria convert methane and hydrogen sulfide from cold seeps — cracks in the seafloor that leak these compounds as fluids — into energy and food that the host animal can use, allowing organisms to live in zero-sunlight conditions. The discovery suggests that these communities might also exist in other hadal trenches, Du said, opening opportunities for further research into just how deep these animals can survive. Deepest chemosynthetic ecosystems Clusters of tube worms extend red tentacles, with small mollusks (white spots) near the tentacles, at 9,320 metres (30,580 feet). (Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering/Chinese Academy of Sciences (IDSSE, CAS) via CNN Newsource) Deep-sea ecosystem fueled by methane After analyzing sediment samples collected from the expedition, Du and her team said they detected high concentrations of methane. The find was surprising, since deep-sea sediments normally contain very low concentrations of the compound. The scientists hypothesized that microbes living in the ecosystem convert organic matter in the sediments into carbon dioxide, and carbon dioxide into methane — something the researchers didn't know microbes could do. The bacteria living inside clam and tube worm species then use this methane for chemosynthesis to survive, Du said. There was another revelation, too. Scientists previously thought chemosynthetic communities relied on organic matter — such as from dead organisms and drifting particles from living species — that fell from the ocean's surface to the floor. But this discovery, Du said, reveals that these methane-producing microbes are also creating a local source of organic molecules that larger organisms such as clams can use for food and energy. Methane, as a carbon-containing compound, is part of the carbon cycle. So, this discovery also indicates that the hadal trenches play a more important role in that cycle than previously thought, Du explained. Scientists have long understood that methane is stored as compressed fluid deep in the subduction zone, where tectonic plates meet below the ocean floor, which ultimately releases through 'cold seeps' at the bottom of hadal trenches. Now that Du's team has discovered chemosynthesis at such depths, they hypothesize that the hadal trenches act not only as reservoirs, but also as recycling centers for methane. This suggests, Du said, that 'a large amount of the carbon stays in the sediments and (is) recycled by the microorganisms.' Indeed, scientists have recently estimated that hadal zone sediments could sequester as much as 70 times more organic carbon than the surrounding seafloor. These so-called carbon sinks are crucial for our planet given that methane and carbon dioxide are two major greenhouse gases driving global warming in the atmosphere. Deepest chemosynthetic ecosystems Scientists observed previously unknown species, including clams, in the hadal trenches. (Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering/Chinese Academy of Sciences (IDSSE, CAS) via CNN Newsource) Further research into deep-sea ecosystems Chemosynthetic communities themselves are not new to science. Previous research has hinted that it was possible for them to thrive at such great depths, said Johanna Weston, a deep ocean ecologist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute in Massachusetts who was not involved with the new study. She was impressed, however, with the extent of the recent discovery, she told CNN. In an age of widespread biodiversity loss, the finding highlights the importance of new technology that can withstand high pressure in deep-sea environments to document undiscovered organisms, said Weston, who is part of a team actively exploring the deep-sea offshore from Argentina. Even though the hadal trenches are remote, they aren't completely isolated, she added. Weston and her colleagues discovered a newfound species in 2020 in the Mariana Trench named Eurythenes plasticus for the microplastic fibers detected in its gut. And near Puerto Rico, Weston newly identified an isopod that exclusively eats sargassum, a type of abundant seaweed in the Atlantic Ocean that can sink to the ocean floor in just 40 hours. 'The deep ocean is very connected to what's happening on the surface,' she said. Research on deep-sea ecosystems is only a few decades old, and the technology for new discoveries is improving. But Du added that it's important for different countries and scientific disciplines to collaborate on future efforts. The Global Hadal Exploration Program, which is co-led by UNESCO and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, aims to do just that by creating a network of deep-sea scientists from multiple countries. Du hopes she and her team can learn more about hadal trench ecosystems by studying how these species have adapted to such extreme depths. 'Even though we see the hadal trench as a very extreme environment, the most inhospitable environment … (chemosynthetic organisms) can live happily there,' Du said. Marlowe Starling, CNN

Megathrust fault line off Haida Gwaii confirmed through new imaging
Megathrust fault line off Haida Gwaii confirmed through new imaging

CBC

time2 days ago

  • CBC

Megathrust fault line off Haida Gwaii confirmed through new imaging

Social Sharing Scientists have confirmed that a fault line off the west coast of Haida Gwaii is of the megathrust variety, capable of generating large earthquakes and tsunamis. The conclusion was gleaned through hydrostatic imaging and measurements of the Queen Charlotte Fault where the Pacific tectonic plate meets the North American plate. The finding was published in Science Advances. The images show that instead of the plates sliding horizontally against each other, the Pacific plate is also colliding with and diving under the North American plate, in a process known as subduction. The friction created by subduction is what creates megathrust conditions, according to UBC professor and study co-author Michael Bostock. "For most of its length, the Queen Charlotte plate boundary is very much like the San Andreas fault — one plate is sliding by the other. But at the southern end, along the coast of Haida Gwaii and in particular southern Haida Gwaii, there is a component of convergence. So not only are they moving... side by side, but they're compressing each other." Bostock said the magnitude 7.7 Haida Gwaii earthquake of 2012 led scientists to understand there was a significant component of "under thrusting" or subduction along the fault line. The new research has now mapped it out in greater clarity. At approximately 300 kilometres long, the Queen Charlotte subduction zone is shorter than the 1,000-kilometre-long Cascadia subduction zone that runs from northern Vancouver Island to Northern California. The Cascadia subduction zone is where the "Big One" is expected — that being the oft-forecasted megathrust earthquake predicted to register magnitude 9 or higher. Experts believe it's just a matter of time before the Big One hits considering that stress between the subducting Juan de Fuca plate and the North American plate has been building up since its last major earthquake in the year 1700. In contrast, Bostock believes Haida Gwaii is not susceptible to a megathrust quake anytime soon. "In my opinion it's very unlikely we'd have another megathrust earthquake off Haida Gwaii within the next 100 years. We're not building stress up fast enough for us to have another one like we just experienced 12 years ago," he said. The western coast of Haida Gwaii has been the site of four earthquakes of 7.0 magnitude or more in the past century, including the largest in recorded Canadian history in 1949 that registered 8.1, according to Earthquakes Canada. University of Victoria professor and study co-author Kelin Wang said the new research helps understand and plan for a megathrust.

Imaging reveals 2,000-year-old ice mummy's 'incredibly impressive' tattoos
Imaging reveals 2,000-year-old ice mummy's 'incredibly impressive' tattoos

CBC

time04-08-2025

  • CBC

Imaging reveals 2,000-year-old ice mummy's 'incredibly impressive' tattoos

Social Sharing More than two millennia ago, a woman sat for hours on end in the ancient grasslands of a Siberian mountain range to have her body adorned with elaborate tattoos of creatures both real and mythical. When she died, her body was preserved under the permafrost for thousands of years, but her tattoos faded and became invisible to the naked eye. Now researchers have used high-resolution, near-infrared photography to bring those ancient tattoos back to life and worked with modern tattoo artists to shed light on the tools and techniques that made them possible to begin with. "These tattoos are incredibly impressive," Daniel Riday, a traditional tattoo artist from Les Eyzies, France, who worked on the research, told As It Happen s guest host Rebecca Zandbergen. "This kind of research is almost a direct window into the past ... and it's very humbling to really be so close to the roots of this practice." The findings are published in the journal Antiquity. 'A very technical skill' Tattooing is a long-standing practice in many cultures around the world, with the oldest known tattoos dating back 5,300 years to Ötzi the Iceman, a prehistoric hunter whose tattoo-clad remains were found preserved in glaciers in the Italian Alps in 1991. But it's a difficult field to study because preserved tattoos on human flesh, like Ötzi's, are exceedingly rare. For this study, researchers looked at the remains of a 50-year-old woman from the Pazyryk culture, Iron Age pastoral people who lived in the Altai Mountains of Central and East Asia. She's one of several Pazyryk ice mummies whose remains were found preserved inside the mountain's ice tombs in the 19th century. Scientists have long known that the Pazyryk mummies were tattooed, but it was impossible to study the faded images in real detail. "Prior scholarship focused primarily on the stylistic and symbolic dimensions of these tattoos, with data derived largely from hand-drawn reconstructions," Gino Caspari, an archaeologist at the University of Bern in Switzerland and the study's senior author, said in a press release. But three-dimensional scans of the Pazyryk woman's tattoos have revealed them in stunning detail. On her thumb sits a rooster with swirling tail-feathers. Her left arm bears a mythical griffon attacking a large stag, while an elaborate scene of leopards and tigers hunting two deer with intricate antlers is on her right forearm. The latter, Riday said, is particularly impressive and likely would have taken two sessions of four or five hours each to complete. "It's graphic, it's well placed, it's imaginative. It's really a masterpiece," he said. "We think that the left arm was done by an artist of less skill, or maybe the same artist earlier in their career." The tattoos appear to have been done using a stick-and-poke technique, Riday said, which means someone used ink-dipped needles to create the images one single dot at a time. The researchers suspect that small clusters of either thorns, or iron or bronze needles, dipped in a pigment of soot and animal fat were used. It suggests, he said, the work of a true professional. "It's a very technical skill to create these kinds of tattoos, especially so long ago," Riday said. "The person doing the tattoos would need to know what they're doing and how to do it safely, and be able to create this sensational imagery that we're seeing. It takes time and skill." Anthropologist and archaeologist Andrew Gillreath-Brown, who was not involved with the study, said this use of high-resolution imaging to get a closer look at ancient tattoos is "pretty exciting" and one he hopes will open up new opportunities. Gillreath-Brown, who once identified and researched a 2,000-year-old tattooing needle from the Native American Pueblo peoples, commended the researchers for looking beyond the broader cultural significance of tattoos, as others have, and instead focusing on the artistry and technique behind them. "Being able to move outside of just even the person being tattooed themselves was really quite remarkable and will, I think, take things in a whole new direction," Gillreath-Brown, manager of the Yale Center for Geospatial Solutions in New Haven, Conn., told CBC. Riday, a stick-and-poke artist, himself, said he's currently working to recreate a tattoo needle in the style of the Pazyryk so he can tattoo one of the woman's pieces onto his own body and learn more about the ancient technique. He said it's been amazing to connect with the deep history of his chosen profession. "It's very richly satisfying," he said. "The chance that this individual was preserved through the ages in a burial tomb below the permafrost in Siberia, and scientists were able to find this tattoo and make it known to the world that it exists, it is really just remarkable."

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