
New Airbus satellite launched for climate and weather analysis
The satellites work in pairs, with one providing atmospheric sounding and imaging data, and the other offering microwave imaging and radar observations.The satellites included a propulsion system which allowed them to begin a descent into the sea after their mission was complete, reducing space debris.Martin Gittins, head of propulsion programme at Airbus Stevenage, said more than 100 engineers have worked on the project in the Hertfordshire town alone.He has worked on this project with his team since 2016.He said: "You can't get much more exciting than seeing a rocket launch and your payload being delivered safely into space."Yes, it's a long programme, but you have to balance that with the excitement of the launch."
Simonetta Cheli, ESA's director of earth observation programmes, said the satellites will help predictions despite "increasingly erratic weather patterns".He explained: "Timely and precise forecasting has never been more crucial, and the MetOp-SG mission is now set to play a critical role in improving weather forecasts and climate monitoring."Alain Fauré, head of space systems at Airbus, added: "The successful launch of MetOp-SG A1 is a landmark moment for Europe and for global weather forecasting."Having designed and built the first generation of MetOp satellites, we now see the first of this powerful new series in orbit. "These satellites will be the sentinels of our planet, helping to deliver more accurate weather predictions that benefit citizens across the globe."
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The Independent
an hour ago
- The Independent
Subjects, schools and gender – what the latest A-level data shows
Business studies and physics are booming, while entries for French and German have sunk to a record low, this year's A-level results show. There is also evidence that the gap in performance between private and state schools is narrowing, but there remains a sharp gender imbalance among key subjects. Here the PA news agency takes a look at some of the long-term trends in the latest exam data. – Most popular subjects: What's up and what's down? While there was no change this year in the top choices for A-levels, with maths, psychology, biology and chemistry once again occupying the first four spots, there were big changes further down the chart. Business studies appears in the top five for the first time, up from sixth place in 2024. The subject has gained steadily in popularity in recent years, rising from 13th in the rankings in 2015 to 10th in 2020, eighth in 2022, then climbing one place in each successive year. Last year's fifth most popular subject, history, has dropped to seventh place, while physics has leaped from ninth to sixth. It is the first time since at least 2000 – the earliest available archive data – that no arts or humanities subjects have appeared in the top five. As in previous years, the top subject choices vary by gender. For boys, the most popular A-levels this year were maths, physics, economics, chemistry and business studies; for girls, it was psychology, biology, maths, chemistry and sociology. – French resumes its decline The number of French A-level entries has resumed its long-term decline, more than reversing last year's unexpected rise and suggesting the long-term future of the subject is grim. There were 6,858 entries in 2025, down from 7,544 in 2024 and the lowest figure since current data began. Entries have fallen 34% in the past 10 years and 53% in the last two decades. German has also resumed its descent after a small increase in 2024, with just 2,224 entries this year, down year on year from 2,431 and another new low. Entries for German have dropped 45% in the past decade and 62% since 2005. The one piece of positive news for the 'big three' foreign languages is a slight rise in entries for Spanish, with 8,325 in 2025, up from 8,238 in 2024, though below the recent peak of 9,139 in 2021. Among the smaller modern languages, the most popular were Chinese (1,624 entries, down from 1,643 in 2024) and Russian (1,118, up from 1,044). – State v private gap narrows The gap between the proportion of A-level entries at private schools receiving top grades and those at state schools has narrowed slightly. Some 48.5% of entries at independent schools – including city training colleges – were awarded A or A* this year, compared with 25.4% of entries at state-funded schools – a gap of 23.1 percentage points. This is down from 23.9 points last year, when the figures were 48.6% for independent schools and 24.7% for state schools. But it is larger than in the pre-pandemic year of 2019, when the gap stood at 21.3 points (43.9% for independent schools, 22.6% for state schools). During the pandemic the gap widened considerably, peaking at 30.0 points in 2021. – Gender imbalance persists Computing recorded the biggest gender imbalance towards males for the sixth year in a row, with boys making up 81% of entries and girls 19% – a slight narrowing on last year, when the figures were 83% and 17%. Physics (76% boys, 24% girls), accounting (73% and 27%) and further maths (also 73% and 27%) were the other subjects skewed most heavily towards males. The biggest imbalance towards females was in the subject of health and social care, as has been the case each year since 2021. In the double award for this subject, girls made up 96% of entries and boys just 4%, while in the single award the figures were 89% and 11%. Performing/expressive arts (92% girls, 8% boys) and English literature (80% girls, 20% boys) were other subjects with predominantly female entries.


BBC News
2 hours ago
- BBC News
Welsh teenager researching medical cannabis to study at Oxford
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The Guardian
2 hours ago
- The Guardian
‘Alarmingly high' levels of forever chemicals found at airports in England, investigation reveals
'Alarmingly high' levels of toxic forever chemicals have been detected at English airports – in some cases thousands of times higher than proposed EU safe levels – with experts raising concerns over the potential impact on drinking water sources. Seventeen airports recorded elevated levels of Pfas in the ground and surface water sample on their sites, according to unpublished Environment Agency documents, obtained exclusively by the Ends Report and the Guardian via an environmental information request. Pfas, short for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are a family of about 10,000 chemicals which persist in the environment and have been linked to a range of serious illnesses. They are used in many consumer products, from frying pans to waterproof coats, but one of their most common uses is in firefighting foams. The largest Pfas total recorded was at London Luton airport, with total Pfas in one groundwater sample, taken at a location described as 'fire training lagoon two', of 36,084 nanograms per litre. There is no regulatory limit for Pfas in ground or surface water in the UK, but in the EU a proposed threshold is being considered of 4.4ng/l. While Luton tested for twice the number of Pfas than that included in the EU threshold, the airport's highest total Pfas level was 8,000 times higher than the draft limit. Among the specific Pfas detected at these 17 airports were PFOS and PFOA – two banned and toxic chemicals which, respectively, are suspected and known carcinogens. One sample taken from 'borehole four' at London Luton contained 2,555ng/l of Pfas, with 24ng/l of PFOS and 39ng/l of PFOA. This total Pfas level is more than 500 times higher than the EU's proposed threshold. A London Luton airport spokesperson said: 'Like many airports and other industries in the UK and around the world, we are investing in and working closely with relevant agencies to assess and monitor Pfas.' They added that the data obtained by this investigation was from preliminary screening and should not be considered statistically representative, as a long-term monitoring programme was still under way. Of the airports sampled, Ends Report's analysis has revealed that four of the 17 are located within protected drinking water safeguard zones. These are designated areas set up around public water supplies where additional pollution control measures are needed. One sample taken at Farnborough airport, Hampshire, located in a drinking water safeguard zone, contained 180ng/l of PFOS. The Drinking Water Inspectorate has set a guideline safe level of 100ng/l for the total levels of 48 named Pfas. If test results in drinking water come close to this threshold, then the inspectorate states that precautions should be taken. The presence of elevated Pfas in the sample does not necessarily mean that drinking water is being contaminated by the airport's Pfas pollution. Experts say that for this to happen, pathways would need to exist to enable Pfas to enter drinking water sources. Dr Patrick Byrne, a reader in hydrology and environmental pollution at Liverpool John Moores University, said: 'The risk, if any, to downstream receptors like drinking water sources and ecosystems is unclear. To understand the risk, we need to establish if there is a transport pathway between the source and the receptor. If there is no transport pathway, there is a very low risk.' However, for Dr Shubhi Sharma, from the charity Chem Trust, the high levels of Pfas detected at airports are 'extremely worrying as some of these Pfas have been established as carcinogenic by the World Health Organization'. Dr Rob Collins, director of policy and science at the Rivers Trust, described the Pfas concentrations at UK airports as 'alarmingly high'. While uncertainty remains over the potential risk these may pose, Pfas contamination of drinking water from airports has previously been confirmed close to home. In Jersey, residents have been recommended bloodletting to reduce high concentrations of Pfas in their blood after private drinking water supplies were polluted by the use of Pfas in firefighting foams at the island's airport. In France, one region had to take whole drinking water supplies out of use due to Pfas contamination from an airport. A spokesperson for the trade association AirportsUK said: 'This year UK airports are spending around £5m in investigating the sources and nature of Pfas issues on their sites – it is this industry work that this data comes from. 'This work is being done with a view to identifying specific source locations so that appropriate actions can be assessed. Airports are working closely with the Environment Agency and local communities to ensure that they do not make their way into watercourses and food chains.' A spokesperson for the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs said: 'We are reshaping the UK Reach [chemicals regulation] work programme to deliver stronger protections and are currently considering the best approach to chemicals regulation in the UK, including the development of a restriction dossier on Pfas in firefighting foams'.