Can consensus still save ASEAN?
Azry Almi Kaloko is Head of Strategic Policy and Research at the ASEAN-UK Business Forum and contributes regularly to public discourse through The Jakarta Post and other regional publications.
ASEAN has long been viewed as Southeast Asia's stabilizing factor, promoting harmony in politically diverse and previously tense surroundings. Its "ASEAN Way" of nonconfrontation and consensus is used to hold postcolonial countries together and prevent conflict. But today, this approach has become a barrier to quick and collective action in response to urgent challenges.
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Japan Times
3 days ago
- Japan Times
Trump vs. a united ASEAN
U.S. President Donald Trump's tariffs — especially the ultrahigh 'reciprocal tariffs' that he says will be reintroduced on July 8 for any country that has not struck a trade deal with his administration — have sent countries around the world scrambling to respond, adapt and limit the fallout. ASEAN's 10 members — Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam — have been among the most proactive. Their leaders quickly recognized that, after decades of spectacular gross domestic product growth, ASEAN is an economic force that the Trump administration would have to reckon with in a serious way. In 2000, Japan was the world's second-largest economy, some eight times larger than ASEAN; today, it is only 1.1 times larger, and by 2030, ASEAN's economy will overtake it. In 2010-20, ASEAN contributed more to global economic growth than the European Union did. ASEAN owes much of this progress to open trade. Between 2003 and 2023, its trade with the rest of the world exploded, from $618 billion to $2.8 trillion. But the real secret to ASEAN's success is strong and competent leadership, exemplified, in the grouping's early years, by Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew, a Cambridge-educated lawyer, and Indonesian President Suharto, a Javanese military leader and mystic. It was their unlikely partnership that kept ASEAN together. Today, such leadership is exemplified by another group of seeming political opposites: Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto, Vietnamese General Secretary To Lam and Singaporean Prime Minister Lawrence Wong. Anwar and Prabowo both experienced prolonged periods in the political wilderness and became friends during this time. ASEAN's leaders have upheld relative peace and stability in their countries, while cultivating a culture of consultation and consensus (musyawarah and mufakat in Indonesian) in guiding regional relations. This stands in stark contrast to the experiences of many other developing countries and regions. Just a few weeks ago, neighboring India and Pakistan narrowly avoided full-scale war. The Middle East remains gripped by instability and violence, with Israel winning wars and losing the peace. The leaders of Latin America's two largest economies, Brazil and Argentina, are barely on speaking terms. After 48 years of regular ASEAN meetings — with over 1,000 ministerial and lower-level meetings taking place annually — constructive engagement is a deeply engrained habit in the region. To be sure, ASEAN is often accused of lowest-common-denominator cooperation. But without such a measured approach, one guided by pragmatism, consensus-building and compromise, ASEAN's member countries would not have managed to remain united through multiple shocks, including the Asian financial crisis of 1997-98 and the global financial crisis a decade later. ASEAN is now bringing these strengths to bear in its response to Trump's tariffs. To be sure, the individualized nature of the tariffs — which vary widely within ASEAN, from 49% on Cambodia to 10% on Singapore — limits countries' prospects for true collective bargaining. But ASEAN's member states are well aware that they are stronger together. That is why, at the just-concluded ASEAN summit in Kuala Lumpur, hosted by Anwar Ibrahim, the group proposed a summit attended by Trump and ASEAN's 10 national leaders. This builds on ASEAN's April declaration that it would develop 'an enhanced, robust and forward-looking ASEAN-U.S. economic cooperation framework,' which strengthens 'constructive engagement' and drives 'innovative initiatives' to deliver a 'mutually beneficial economic relationship,' with 'particular focus on high-value sectors.' The statement reflects ASEAN's awareness of its value to the U.S., which runs a significant trade surplus in services with the region. It is no coincidence that the U.S. invests heavily there — nearly $500 million in 2023. ASEAN's value is set only to grow, owing not least to its efforts to deepen its ties with other regional organizations and economic powers. Its just-concluded summit with China and the Gulf Cooperation Council — the first of its kind — sent a clear message: ASEAN is not pinning its future on its relationship with the U.S., but it is not turning its back on open trade. This aligns with the global mood: while Trump continues to brandish tariffs as a weapon against America's trade partners, other countries have refrained from raising tariffs unilaterally. ASEAN is also seeking to boost internal resilience by strengthening trade among its member countries. While intra-ASEAN trade has been declining as a share of total trade, from 25% in 2003 to 21.5% in 2023, this is only because trade with the rest of the world grew so rapidly. In any case, the group is now seeking to dismantle nontariff barriers — more than 99% of goods already flow through ASEAN tariff-free — and exploring other measures to boost trade within the bloc. The U.S. economy is formidable and Trump's tariffs may well undermine ASEAN's growth in the short term. But, by spurring the ASEAN countries to deepen cooperation with one another and with others, U.S. tariffs could bring about an even more prosperous — and, crucially, resilient — grouping. This is especially likely if ASEAN makes the most of existing arrangements — for example, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, which could seek to negotiate a new partnership with the EU. Fortunately, ASEAN has the kinds of leaders who can spearhead such an effort, beginning with the bloc's current leader, Anwar Ibrahim. Kishore Mahbubani, a distinguished fellow at the Asia Research Institute of the National University of Singapore, is the author of many books, including "The ASEAN Miracle: A Catalyst for Peace" (NUS Press, 2017). © Project Syndicate, 2025
Nikkei Asia
6 days ago
- Nikkei Asia
ASEAN can capitalize on Trump's tariff tantrum, says business lobby head
TOKYO -- Southeast Asian countries can capitalize on the rollout of tariffs and other U.S. policies by revisiting neglected relationships with other trade partners, as well as open doors to foreign students, the head of ASEAN's business lobby told Nikkei Asia. "I think there is a lot of upside and we need to work together," Nazir Razak, chairman of the ASEAN Business Advisory Council (ASEAN-BAC), said in an interview on Thursday. "The rules-based open trading system is no longer liked by the majority of the U.S. population ... We have to accept that and do something about it."
NHK
01-06-2025
- NHK
Myanmar's military extends ceasefire until June 30
Myanmar's ruling military has extended a ceasefire with pro-democracy forces until June 30. The extension was announced on Saturday. The military and pro-democracy forces separately declared a temporary ceasefire after a major earthquake struck central Myanmar in March. The aim was to prioritize relief efforts. Fighting has continued since the military coup in 2021. The military says March's quake has left more than 3,700 people dead and over 5,000 injured. It also says it decided on the latest extension to speed up the reconstruction and rehabilitation of affected areas. But a source from the pro-democracy camp told NHK that the military's ceasefire declaration is false and unacceptable, as the military is attacking schools, hospitals and other places where people gather. In May, the leaders of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations issued a statement calling for the extension and expansion of the ceasefire in Myanmar. But it remains uncertain whether the ceasefire will hold, as fighting appears to be ongoing. Local media reported last month that a military airstrike on a school in the northwestern region of Sagaing killed more than 20 children.
