Full order of service for Pope Francis's funeral
More than 200,000 people are expected to attend Saturday's ceremony in St Peter's Square, including some 130 delegations.
The service usually lasts about two-and-a-half hours and is mostly conducted in Latin.
It is being led by the dean of the College of Cardinals, Cardinal Giovanni Battista Re, who will begin with a procession led by a priest carrying a cross, followed by the coffin and ordained clergy.
Francis will then be buried in Rome's Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore - or Saint Mary Major - rather than at St Peter's Basilica in the Vatican, like almost all his predecessors.
Order of service
Entrance antiphon
The ceremony will begin with the entrance antiphon - one or more psalm verses or sentences from Holy Scripture which are typically sung or spoken.
Eternal rest grant unto him, O Lord, and let perpetual light shine upon him.
Praise is due to you in Sion, O God.
To you we pay our vows in Jerusalem.
You who hear our prayer. To you all flesh will come.
Our evil deeds are too heavy for us, but only you can pardon our transgressions.
Blessed the one whom you choose and call to dwell in your courts.
We are filled with the good things of your house, of your holy temple.
In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.
Peace be with you.
And with your spirit.
The Penitential Act
This follows the welcome and is a way for the faithful to confess their sinfulness.
Brethren, let us acknowledge our sins, and so prepare ourselves to celebrate the sacred mysteries.
I confess to almighty God and to you, my brothers and sisters, that I have greatly sinned, in my thoughts and in my words, in what I have done and in what I have failed to do, through my fault, through my fault, through my most greivous fault; therefore I ask blessed Mary ever-virgin, all the angels and saints, and you, my brothers and sisters, to pray for me to the Lord our God.
May almighty God have mercy on us, forgive us our sins, and bring us to everlasting life.
Collect - opening prayer
Let us pray.
O God, immortal shepherd of souls, look on your people's prayers and grant that our servant Pope Francis, who presided over your Church in charity, may, with the flock entrusted to his care, receive from your mercy the reward of a faithful steward.
Through our Lord Jesus Christ, your Son, who lives and reigns with you in the unity of the Holy Spirit, God, for ever and ever.
1:19
The Liturgy of the Word
First reading - from the Acts of the Apostles
He is the one appointed by God to be judge of the living and the dead.
In those days: Peter opened his mouth and said:
'Truly I understand that God shows no partiality, but in every nation anyone who fears him and does what is right is acceptable to him.
As for the word that he sent to Israel, preaching good news of peace through Jesus Christ - he is Lord of all - you yourselves know what happened throughout all Judea, beginning from Galilee after the baptism that John proclaimed: how God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power.
He went about doing good and healing all those who were oppressed by the devil, for God was with him.
And we are witnesses of all that he did both in the country of the Jews and in Jerusalem.
They put him to death by hanging him on a tree, but God raised him on the third day and caused him to appear, not to all the people but to us who had been chosen by God as witnesses, who ate and drank with him after he rose from the dead.
And he commanded us to preach to the people and to testify that he is the one appointed by God to be judge of the living and the dead.
To him all the prophets bear witness that everyone who believes in him receives forgiveness of sins through his name.'
The word of the lord.
Thanks be to God.
The Lord is my shepherd; there is nothing I shall want.
Fresh and green are the pastures where he gives me repose.
Near restful waters he leads me; he revives my soul.
He guides me along the right path, for the sake of his name.
Though I should walk in the valley of the shadow of death, no evil would I fear, for you are with me.
Your crook and your staff will give me comfort.
You have prepared a table before me in the sight of my foes.
My head you have anointed with oil; my cup is overflowing.
Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life.
In the Lord's own house shall I dwell for length of days unending.
1:52
Second Reading - from the Letter of Saint Paul to the Philippians
He will transform our lowly body to be like his glorious body.
Brothers and sisters, our citizenship is in heaven, and from it we await for, the Lord Jesus Christ, who will transform our lowly body to be like his glorious body, by the power that enables him even to subject all things to himself.
Therefore, my brothers and sisters, whom I love and long for, my joy and crown, stand firm thus in the Lord, my beloved.
The word of the Lord.
Thanks be to God.
Acclamation before the Gospel
This is the will of my Father, says the Lord, everyone who believes in the Son should have eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day.
Gospel
The Lord be with you.
And with your spirit.
A reading from the holy Gospel according to John.
Glory to you, O Lord.
When Jesus had revealed himself to his disciples and they had finished breakfast, Jesus said to Simon Peter: 'Simon, son of John, do you love me more than these?'
He said to him: 'Yes, Lord; you know that I love you.' He said to him, 'Feed my lambs.'
He said to him a second time: 'Simon son of John, do you love me?' He said to him, 'Yes, Lord; you know that I love you'.
He said to him: 'Tend my sheep.'
He said to him the third time: 'Simon, son of John, do you love me?' Peter was grieved because he said to him the third time, 'Do you love me?' and he said to him: 'Lord, you know everything; you know that I love you.'
Jesus said to him: 'Feed my sheep. Truly, truly, I say to you, when you were young, you used to dress yourself and walk wherever you wanted but when you are old, you will stretch out your hands, and another will dress you and carry you where you do not want to go (this he said to show by what kind of death he was to glorify God).'
And after saying this he said to him: 'Follow me.'
The Gospel of the Lord.
Praise to you, Lord Jesus Christ.
Homily
Universal Prayer or Prayer of the Faithful
Brothers and sisters, let us pray to God our Father, who today brings us together to commemorate the Paschal Mystery of his only-begotten Son as we celebrate the funeral of the pastor of the universal Church.
May he welcome him into his peace and bestow every blessing upon the Church and the whole world.
Let us pray to the Lord.
Lord, hear our prayer.
For the late Pope Francis, that the chief shepherd, who eternally lives to intercede for us, may welcome him into his kingdom of light and peace.
Let us pray to the Lord.
Lord, hear our prayer.
For the holy Church of God, that in fidelity to her mandate, she may be, in Christ, a leaven of renewal in our human family.
Let us pray to the Lord.
Lord, hear our prayer.
For the souls of the deceased Roman pontiffs and of all those who in the Church proclaimed the Gospel and exercised the priestly ministry, that they may come to share in the heavenly liturgy.
Let us pray to the Lord.
Lord, hear our prayer.
For all the faithful departed, that they may be granted entrance into the kingdom of heaven.
Let us pray to the Lord.
Lord, hear our prayer.
For us gathered here, that having celebrated the sacred mysteries, we may one day be called by Christ to enter his glorious kingdom.
Let us pray to the Lord.
Lord, hear our prayer.
God, our salvation, hear us as we make our prayer in union with the Blessed Virgin Mary and all the Saints: welcome into the assembly of your elect the soul of your servant and our Pope Francis, who put his trust in the prayer of the Church.
Through Christ our Lord.
0:52
The Liturgy of the Eucharist
Offertory Chant
The offertory chant accompanies the procession that brings the bread and wine to the altar.
Give light to my eyes lest I fall asleep in death; lest my enemy say, 'I have prevailed over him'.
Pray, brethren, that my sacrifice and yours may be acceptable to God, the almighty Father.
May the Lord accept the sacrifice at your hands for the praise and glory of his name, for our good and the good of all his holy Church.
Prayer over the offerings
Look with favour, we pray, O Lord, on the peaceful offering of your people, with which we confidently commit to your mercy the soul of your servant Pope Francis, and grant, we pray, that, having been, in the midst of the human family, an instrument of your charity and peace, he may merit to delight in the same, for ever with all your Saints.
Through Christ our Lord.
Eucharistic Prayer III
Preface
The hope of resurrection in Christ
The Lord be with you.
And with your spirit.
Lift up your hearts.
We lift them up to the Lord.
Let us give thanks to the Lord our God.
It is truly right and just, our duty and our salvation, always and everywhere to give you thanks, Lord, holy Father, almighty and eternal God, through Christ our lord.
In him the hope of blessed resurrection has dawned, that those saddened by the certainty of dying might be consoled by the promise of immortality to come.
Indeed for your faithful, Lord, life is changed not ended, and, when this earthly dwelling turns to dust, an eternal dwelling is made ready for them in heaven.
And so, with angels and archangels, with thrones and dominions, and with all the hosts and powers of heaven, we sing the hymn of your glory, as without end we acclaim:
You are indeed holy, O Lord, and all you have created rightly gives you praise, for through your Son our Lord Jesus Christ, by the power and working of the Holy Spirit, you give life to all things and make them holy, and you never cease to gather a people to yourself, so that from the rising of the sun to its setting a pure sacrifice may be offered to your name.
Therefore, O Lord, we humbly implore you: by the same Spirit graciously make holy these gifts we have brought to you for consecration, that they may become the body and blood of your Son our Lord Jesus Christ, at whose command we celebrate these mysteries.
For on the night he was betrayed he himself took bread, and giving you thanks, he said the blessing, broke the bread and gave it to his disciples, saying:
'Take this, all of you, and eat of it, for this is my body, which will be given up for you.'
In a similar way, when supper was ended, he took the chalice, and giving you thanks, he said the blessing, and gave the chalice to his disciples, saying:
'Take this, all of you, and drink from it, for this is the chalice of my blood, the blood of the new and eternal covenant, which will be poured out for you and for many for the forgiveness of sins.
'Do this in memory of me.'
The mystery of faith.
We proclaim your death, O Lord, and profess your resurrection until you come again.
Therefore, O Lord, as we celebrate the memorial of the saving passion of your Son, his wondrous resurrection and ascension into heaven, and as we look forward to his second coming, we offer you in thanksgiving this holy and living sacrifice.
Look, we pray, upon the oblation of your Church and, recognising the sacrificial victim by whose death you willed to reconcile us to yourself, grant that we, who are nourished by the body and blood of your Son and filled with his Holy Spirit, may become on body, one spirit in Christ.
May he make of us an eternal offering to you, so that we may obtain an inheritance with your elect, especially with the most Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, with blessed Joseph, her spouse, with your blessed apostles and glorious martyrs, and with all the saints, on whose constant intercession in your presence we rely for unfailing help.
May this Sacrifice of our reconciliation, we pray, O Lord, advance the peace and salvation of all the world.
Be pleased to confirm in faith and charity your pilgrim Church on Earth, with the order of bishops, all the clergy, and the entire people you have gained for your own.
Listen graciously to the prayers of this family, whom you have summoned before you: in your compassion, O merciful Father, gather to yourself all your children scattered throughout the world.
Remember your servant Pope Francis whom you have called from this world to yourself.
Grant that he who was united with your Son in a death like his, may also be one with him in his resurrection, when from the Earth he will raise up in the flesh those who have died, and transform our lowly body after the pattern of his own glorious body.
To our departed brothers and sisters, too, and to all who were pleasing to you at their passing from this life, give kind admittance to your kingdom.
There we hope to enjoy for ever the fullness of your glory, when you will wipe away every tear from our eyes.
For seeing you, our God, as you are we shall be like you for all the ages and praise you without end, through Christ our Lord, through whom you bestow on the world all that is good.
Through him, and with him, and in him, O God, almighty Father, in the unity of the Holy Spirit, all glory and honor is yours, for ever and ever.
The Communion Rite
At the Saviour's command and formed by divine teaching, we dare to say:
Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed by thy name; thy kingdom come, thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven.
Give us this day our daily bread, and forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us; and lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil.
Deliver us, Lord, we pray, from every evil, graciously grant our peace in our days, that, by the help of your mercy, we may be always free from sin and safe from all distress, as we await the blessed hope and the coming of our Saviour, Jesus Christ.
For the kingdom, the power and the glory are yours now and for ever.
Lord Jesus Christ, who said to your Apostles: Peace I leave you, my peace I give you, look not on our sins, but on the faith of your Church, and graciously grant her peace and unity in accordance with your will.
Who live and reign for ever and ever.
The peace of the Lord be with you always.
And with your spirit.
Let us offer each other the sign of peace.
Behold the Lamb of God, behold him who takes away the sins of the world.
Blessed are those called to the supper of the Lamb.
Lord, I am not worthy that you should enter under my roof, but only say the word and my soul shall be healed.
Communion Antiphon
Let perpetual light shine upon him, with your Saints for ever, foy you are merciful.
Out of the depths I cry to you, O LORD;
LORD, hear my voice!
O let your ears be attentive to the sound of my pleadings.
If you O LORD, should mark iniquities, LORD, who could stand?
But with you is found forgiveness, that you may be revered.
I long for you, O LORD, my soul longs for his word.
My soul awaits the LORD more than watchmen for daybreak.
More than watchmen for daybreak, let Israel hope for the LORD.
For with the LORD there is mercy, in him is plentiful redemption
It is he who will redeem Israel from all its iniquities.
Like the deer that yearns for running streams, so my soul is yearning for you, my God.
My soul is thirsting for God, the living God; when can I enter and appear before the face of God?
My tears have become my bread, by night, by day, as I hear it said all the day long: 'Where is your God?'
Prayer after Communion
Let us pray.
As we come to the table of your eternal banquet, we humbly beg your mercy, Lord, for the soul of your departed servant Pope Francis, that he may rejoice at last in possession of the truth in which he faithfully confirmed your people.
Through Christ our Lord.
Final commendation and farewell
Introduction
Dear brothers and sisters, let us commend to God's tender mercy the soul of Pope Francis, bishop of the Catholic
Church, who confirmed his brothers and sisters in the faith of the resurrection.
Let us pray to God our Father through Jesus Christ and in the Holy Spirit; may he deliver him from death, welcome him to eternal peace and raise up him on the last day.
Through the intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary, queen of apostles and protectress of the Roman people, may God reveal to our Pope the face of his beloved Son and console the Church with the light of the resurrection.
Prayer of the Church in Rome
Holy Mary,
Pray for him.
Holy Mother of God...
Mother of the Church...
Protectress of the Roman people...
The cardinal will then list all holy angels, patriarchs and prophets, apostles and evangelists, disciples, pontiffs and holy men and women, which he asks the congregation to pray for.
O God, faithful rewarder of souls, grant that your departed servant and our bishop, Pope Francis, whom you made successor of Peter and shepherd of your Church, may happily enjoy for ever in your presence in heaven the mysteries of your grace and compassion, which he faithfully ministered on Earth.
Through Christ our Lord.
Prayer of the Eastern Churches
God of our salvation, grant rest to the soul of your servant.
Lover of mankind, lead him, with the souls of the just, to the blessings of eternal life in your presence.
Guide the soul of your servant to the place of your rest, Lord, where your Saints repose, you who alone are immortal.
Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit.
You are our Saviour, our God, who descended into hell and freed those imprisoned there from its pains; now grant repose to the soul of your servant.
As it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be.
Amen.
May the Blessed Virgin Mary, most pure and immaculate, who without loss to her virginity became the Mother of God, pray for the salvation of the soul of your servant.
Have mercy on us, O God, in your great kindness; we beseech you, hear us and be merciful.
Lord, have mercy.
Again, let us pray for the repose of the soul of this departed servant of God, Francis, bishop, that he may be forgiven his every sin and failing.
Lord, have mercy.
May the Lord God lead his soul to the resting place of the righteous.
Let us ask Christ, our immortal king and God, to bestow on him the divine mercy, the kingdom of heaven, and the forgiveness of his sins.
Hear us, Lord.
Let us pray to the Lord.
Lord, have mercy.
God of souls and of all flesh, who trampled death underfoot, vanquished the devil and gave life to the world, grant repose to the soul of your departed servant Francis, bishop, in a place of light and joy, a verdant place, a place of blessedness, where suffering, pain and sorrow are no more.
Forgive every sin he committed in thought, word or deed, for you are a gracious God and a friend to mankind.
No one who lives is without sin; you alone are sinless, your righteousness is eternal and your word is truth.
For you, O Christ our God, are the resurrection, the life and the repose of your servant Francis, bishop, who has fallen asleep.
We give you glory, with your eternal Father and your Holy Spirit, who is gracious and the giver of life, now and forever.
Amen.
Amen.
Responsory
A responsory is an anthem said or sung by a choir.
I know that my redeemer lives: on the last day I shall rise again.
And in my flesh I shall see God my saviour.
I shall see him myself, face to face and my own eyes shall behold him.
And in my flesh I shall see God my saviour.
Within my heart this hope I cherish:
That in my flesh I shall see God my saviour.
Gracious Father, we commend to your mercy our Pope Francis whom you made successor of Peter and shepherd of the Church, a fearless preacher of your word and a faithful minister of the divine mysteries.
Welcome him, we pray, into your heavenly dwelling place, to enjoy eternal glory with all your chosen ones.
We give you thanks, Lord, for all the blessings that in your goodness you bestowed upon him for the good of your people.
Grant us the comfort of faith and the strength of hope.
To you Father, source of life, through Christ, the conqueror of death, in the life-giving Spirit, be all honour and glory for ever and ever.
Antiphons
May the angels lead you into paradise; may the martyrs come and welcome you and take you to the holy city, the new and eternal Jerusalem.
May choirs of angels welcome you and with Lazarus, who is poor no longer, may you have eternal rest.
Canticle of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Luke 1:46-55
My soul magnifies the Lord, and my spirit rejoices in God my Saviour, for he has looked on the humble estate of his servant.
For behold, from now on all generations will call me blessed; for he who is mighty has done great things for me, and holy is his name.
And his mercy is for those who fear him from generation to generation.
He has shown strength with his arm; he has scattered the proud in the thoughts of their hearts; he has brought down the mighty from their thrones and exalted those of humble estate; he has filled the hungry with good things, and the rich he has sent away empty.
He has helped his servant Israel, in remembrance of his mercy, as he spoke to our fathers, to Abraham and to his offspring for ever.
Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit, as it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world without end.
Amen.
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He sighs: 'Looking back, it's all a lot of nonsense.' Rather than seeking dogmatic certainty, Holloway believes we should ask ourselves: 'Why are we here? Where did it all come from? What can I do while I'm here?' Conflict INSTEAD, religions turn people against each other. 'Look at the Middle East. Much of what's happening is due to rival religions knocking hell out of each other. I'm grateful for much of what religion has brought us – art and music – but it brought lethal competitiveness into human existence and I mourn that in my old age. I've had enough of the conflict and the beating up. 'I just wish we could say to one another 'this is how I see it? How do you see it? Oh, that's interesting, well let's be kind to each other while we're here'. It should be as simple as that. You're not here forever. While you are, love your neighbour as yourself. What else do you need?' Holloway deploys the Latin phrase 'odium theologicum' – 'theological hatred' – to explain what he thinks ails religion. 'Religions which at heart express compassion, all end up hating each other as they think they're right. If we loved our neighbour, that would be enough – wouldn't it?' He insists that he didn't reject religion. 'It left me.' Why? 'Because humans are questioning creatures. If you ask where the universe came from, and the answer is 'God created it', then the next question must be 'where did God come from?'. 'In theology, they say 'God just is that which is'. But to that I still have to ask the question, 'if God is the uncreated, infallible, omnipotent one, then why did he come up with such a shitty universe? Why did it make such a messy job of the universe?' After all these years, Holloway is now what he calls 'a compassionate agnostic'. Just to add to the complexity of the man, though, he still sometimes attends church as he enjoys the sense of community. 'I just don't like over-confident sermons telling me what the universe is up to.' Christianity, he says, 'still holds many lessons for me'. He separates the teachings of Jesus from the 'doctrinal system that it evolved'. He compares religious doctrine to political ideology. Born in 1933 – 'when Hitler became Chancellor' – Holloway lived through the Second World War, and saw what competing ideologies could do. He wants to 'milk what's best' from religion – the love and charity – and leave the extremism behind. 'Religion brought a lot of evil and strife into the world,' he says. Holloway prefers 'living with questions, rather than answers'. Given he clearly lives by the teachings of Jesus, how does he view Christ? As a philosopher rather than supernatural figure? 'As a spiritual artist,' Holloway replies. Jesus was a man with 'imaginative insights into the nature of the universe'. Says Holloway: 'He was a storyteller, he taught in parables, he didn't teach doctrine. His most profound parable was the Good Samaritan.' The story isn't just about helping strangers in need. In Jesus's time, Samaritans weren't popular. So the parable warns against factionalism. It depicts the outsider as kind and decent. Imagine a movie today in which an immigrant who crosses the Channel in a small boat is portrayed as heroic. 'The essence of Jesus's parables is: beware what religion can do to your compassion for fellow humans,' says Holloway. 'It can lead you to persecute them, to believe it gives you the right to kill those who disagree with you.' Heretic WHEN Holloway was a vicar in Oxford, outside his church stood Martyrs' Memorial commemorating the execution of Protestant 'heretics'. 'Imagine the insecure hatred that would lead you to put people on piles of wood and burn them to death. The insecurity which prompts that kind of hatred is what I dislike about religion. It prompts you to hate your neighbour unless they bow to the gods you've invented.' Jesus, however, taught only 'radical compassion'. Christ wanted others to be 'lovers not haters of mankind. That's what Jesus brought into the world. His stories are about the confusion of the human intellect. The resolution always lies in accepting your neighbour even though your neighbour disagrees with you. It's a simple yet radical message. But we're such flawed creatures we find loving simplicity hard to live with'. Atheism, for Holloway, is just another form of ideological control. 'The warning is in the last three letters 'I, S, M'. Isms always seem intrinsically totalitarian. I've explained the universe and that's it, and if you disagree with me then I'll either ex-communicate you, bump you off, or burn you in a fire. 'The more confident your religious position, the more likely it'll give you permission to persecute those who disagree with you. I'd rather have loving puzzlement than absolute belief. Beliefs kill each other.' There is, Holloway says, 'a fundamental insecurity about humans, because in us the universe has started thinking about itself. My wee cat doesn't think about 'catness', but in us something happened: we ask questions about the universe.' He adds: 'Humans are thrown into this universe, unsure where we came from, and we seek explanations, we invent isms. Isms fall out with each other. I've reached the stage where I suspect all isms.' The only 'ism' he'd like to see is 'one that laughs and loves. The things that destroyed humanity in my lifetime were all isms. I'm wary of isms, especially religious isms'. It was hatred of minorities which was the final straw for Holloway when it came to breaking with the church. In 1998, as primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church, he attended what's known as the Lambeth Conference. It sees all Anglican bishops – the Episcopal Church is part of the Anglican Communion – gather every 10 years to debate church matters. The 1998 event, says Holloway, 'ended up a hate-fest against gay people'. That year, bishops voted that 'homosexual practice' was 'incompatible with scripture'. Holloway drove back to Scotland and spent time wandering the Pentland hills in religious turmoil. 'I realised I couldn't cope with this kind of organised religion any more as it was telling me that gay men would burn in hell. Some of the people who taught me most about compassionate Christianity were gay – very often frightened because their religion told them they'd be punished eternally. The uncertainty and danger they lived with made them compassionate.' Roaming the Scottish hills helped him come up with what would be his most famous – or in some eyes notorious – book: Godless Morality, subtitled Keeping Religion Out Of Ethics. 'I argued that if you bring religion into morality it becomes hateful. Religion is a human construct.' Holloway says of those who hate others: 'I will oppose you even unto death.' (Image: Richard at his ordination as Bishop of Edinburgh) Sadness
