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Pakistan's anti-polio drive suffers a blow after a northern enclave reports first case in 7 years

Pakistan's anti-polio drive suffers a blow after a northern enclave reports first case in 7 years

PESHAWAR, Pakistan (AP) — Pakistan efforts to eliminate polio suffered another blow on Monday after a northern enclave reported its first case in seven years. Overall, it was the country's 11th case since January, despite the launch of several immunization drives.
The virus was detected in a child from the district of Diamer in the Gilgit-Baltistan region, according to the country's polio eradication program.
Pakistan and neighboring Afghanistan remain the only two countries where the spread of the wild polio virus has not been stopped, according to the World Health Organization. There are ongoing outbreaks of polio linked to the oral vaccine in 10 other countries, mostly in Africa.
The new case was reported after Pakistan on Sunday wrapped up its third nationwide polio vaccination drive of the year, aiming to immunize 45 million children.
Mohammad Iqbal, a director at the polio program in the northwest, said local health officials were still trying to determine how the poliovirus that was found in the southern port city of Karachi had infected the child in Diamer.
During the summer season, thousands of tourists from Karachi and elsewhere visit tourist resorts in Gilgit-Baltistan.
Pakistan's polio eradication program has been running anti-polio campaigns for years, though health workers and the police assigned to protect them are often targeted by militants who falsely claim the vaccination campaigns are a Western conspiracy to sterilize children.
Since the 1990s, attacks on polio vaccination teams have killed more than 200 workers and security personnel.

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Bill Gates' trip to Singapore falsely linked to 'vaccine mandate' claims
Bill Gates' trip to Singapore falsely linked to 'vaccine mandate' claims

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Bill Gates' trip to Singapore falsely linked to 'vaccine mandate' claims

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Does Osteoporosis Affect Your Teeth?
Does Osteoporosis Affect Your Teeth?

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Does Osteoporosis Affect Your Teeth?

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A key theory for the link is that as osteoporosis progresses, your jawbone also weakens and loses some of its density. When the jawbone weakens, teeth begin to lose some of their stability. These jawbone changes may affect tooth alignment, damaging their roots and causing oral health complications. Osteoporosis medications and teeth If you take medication for osteoporosis, be sure to talk with your doctor about its possible effects on your teeth. Be aware that medications that strengthen bones can sometimes cause damage to your jawbone. The treatment most commonly prescribed for people with osteoporosis is bisphosphonate therapy. Bisphosphonates, which can be administered orally (by mouth) or intravenously (through a vein), can help strengthen your bones and ward off future fractures. Many people also take calcium or vitamin D with bisphosphonates, according to the American College of Rheumatology. But there's a risk to your jaw and teeth when you take bisphosphonates. 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However, there are several osteoporosis management and treatment options, according to 2018 research. Certain drugs for osteoporosis aim to prevent bone loss (antiresorptive medications), while others seek to regrow bone (anabolic medications). Both classes of drugs aim to increase bone density and lower your chance of fractures. Depending on your specific needs and health, your doctor might advise taking the following: Bisphosphonate medications. These are usually the first medications prescribed for postmenopausal women, and they work by slowing the breakdown of bone. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), also known as estrogen agonists, are a class of medications that also treat osteoporosis in women and other conditions like breast cancer. Most commonly, SERMS, raloxifene, is used to treat these conditions. Hormone replacement therapy. These drugs are synthetic versions of our naturally occurring hormones. Since loss of estrogen due to menopause can contribute to osteoporosis, estrogen therapy can help, although it's often not the first-line treatment. Testosterone therapy is sometimes used similarly for osteoporosis in men. Calcitonin. This is a synthetic version of a hormone your thyroid gland produces that regulates calcium. It comes in a nasal spray and is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating osteoporosis in certain postmenopausal women. Antibody medications. Also called biologics, these can slow the breakdown of bone and encourage new bone formation. The two available drugs are denosumab and romosozumab, both administered through injections. Parathyroid hormone therapies. Parathyroid hormones (PTHs) increase bone density and strength, helping prevent fractures. The PTH injectable medications teriparatide and abaloparatide are both FDA-approved to treat osteoporosis. Calcium and vitamin D supplements. 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Does Medicare Cover BCG Treatment for Bladder Cancer?
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BCG is an immunotherapy treatment. Medicare may cover BCG when medically necessary to treat certain types of bladder cancer or after a transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the standard immunotherapy drug for bladder cancer. Immunotherapy uses your own immune system to attack cancer cells. With BCG, the doctor inserts a catheter into your bladder to deposit a drug made from a weakened strain of Mycobacterium bovis, a vaccine for tuberculosis. Original Medicare (parts A and B) covers approved treatments and services for bladder cancer that your healthcare team deems medically necessary, which can include BCG. Read on to learn about when Medicare might cover BCG, your eligibility for coverage, and your anticipated costs. Are you eligible for BCG treatment for bladder cancer with Medicare? Doctors tend to recommend BCG treatment for carcinoma in situ and non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, which includes noninvasive (stage 0) and minimally invasive (stage 1) bladder cancers. They also typically would suggest it after you've received a procedure known as transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) to reduce your chance of the cancer returning. Generally, Original Medicare should approve BCG if you need it under these circumstances. Part A will cover it while you're hospitalized, whereas Part B will cover it if you get the treatment as an outpatient. If you're enrolled in Medicare Advantage (Part C), you should receive the same coverage. Is Anktiva covered by Medicare? The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the drug Anktiva for use alongside BCG treatment. Like BCG, Anktiva is administered into the bladder. Medicare Part A and B may cover Anktiva if medically necessary, with covered BCG treatment. Note that Parts A and B should cover the drug itself and not just the catheter administration procedure. This is because you cannot administer the medication to yourself, in which case it would fall under the coverage of Medicare Part D. That said, currently there is a shortage of the BCG drug. For this reason, according to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), Medicare may approve your treatment at a dose less than the usual dose of 81 milligrams (mg) or 1 vial per session. How much does BCG treatment for bladder cancer cost? A 2021 study analyzed the administration of BCG therapy within the Veterans Affairs Health System between 2000 and 2015. After one year, the median cost was around $29,459, increasing to $55,267 by two years, and reaching $117,361 at five years. That said, your share of this cost after your Medicare coverage kicks in depends on the part of Medicare responsible for your coverage. Under Part B, after you've met the 2025 deductible of $257, Part B will pay for 80% of any covered treatment or service. You also have to pay a monthly premium, which starts at $185, depending on your income. Under Part A, in most cases, you don't have a premium, though you must meet a $1,676 deductible. Once you do, Part A will cover your treatment fully for the first 60 days of hospitalization. After that, you begin to incur a daily cost that increases over time until you become responsible for the full, remaining cost. If you're covered by Part C, your plan is managed by a private insurer, which means your premium, deductible, and coinsurance depend on your plan. According to the Centers for Medicaid & Medicare (CMS), the average monthly premium for Part C plans is around $17.00 in 2025. In addition, to remain enrolled in a Part C plan, you still have to pay the Part B premium. That said, some Part C may cover your Part B premium. Where can you get help with the cost of BCG treatment for bladder cancer? Several factors affect the cost of treating bladder cancer, including: how aggressive the cancer is the stage at which it was diagnosed the treatment prescribed by your doctor Managing your medical expenses starts with ensuring that your doctor accepts your Original Medicare or Part C plan. If you're enrolled in Original Medicare, you can also consider enrolling in a Medicare supplement plan (Medigap) to help with out-of-pocket costs, such as copayments and deductibles. You can choose from 10 different plans, depending on factors like your location and coverage needs. However, you cannot use Medigap with Medicare Advantage (Part C) plans. You may also wish to check if you qualify for a Medicare Savings Program (MSP) and Extra Help, and if you might dually qualify for Medicare and Medicaid. Outside of Medicare, you may wish to check non-profit financial assistance programs. What other treatments does Medicare cover for bladder cancer? Medicare Part A covers inpatient hospital stays, including cancer treatments and diagnostics you receive as an inpatient. Part A also offers: some coverage for care at home, such as skilled nursing and physical therapy limited coverage for care in a skilled nursing facility after 3 days in the hospital care in a hospice In the case of medically necessary outpatient treatments and services to treat bladder cancer, Medicare Part B covers: visits with your doctor (including oncologists and other specialists) diagnostic testing (lab tests, ultrasound, etc.) many chemotherapy drugs administered through an IV at your doctor's office or a clinic some chemotherapy drugs administered orally outpatient clinic radiation treatments durable medical equipment, such as feeder pumps and wheelchairs Any treatment drugs you can take yourself would fall under Part D coverage. That said, Medicare may not cover every medication. Always confirm coverage and expected costs before receiving treatment. If Medicare doesn't cover the treatment you need, discuss payment plans or other options with your doctor. Takeaway Medicare covers treatment and services for bladder cancer; however, you may still have significant out-of-pocket costs depending on factors like recommended treatment or the stage of your cancer. You can work with your doctor to develop a treatment plan that maximizes your Medicare coverage. If you have additional coverage, such as a Medicare Part D (prescription drug) plan or a Medigap (Medicare supplement) plan, many of your out-of-pocket costs will be covered.

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