何謂Mankeeping？男性廢退社交圈萎縮，女性成情緒勞動垃圾桶 - TNL The News Lens 關鍵評論網
綜合《Forbes》、《衛報》和《The Standard》報導，隨著男性社交網絡逐漸萎縮，越來越多男性無法向朋友傾訴，反而把所有煩惱和情緒轉嫁給生活中的女性，無論是伴侶、同事或友人，無形中加重了女性的情緒勞動負擔。
史單佛大學研究人員將這個現象命名為「Mankeeping」，並指出女性除了傳統的家庭情感維繫（Kinkeeping），還要額外花時間擔任男性的情感支柱、社交協調者，甚至是社交技能的導師。
研究呼籲，若要減輕女性的隱形壓力，必須正視許多男性面臨的「友誼衰退危機」，並創造更多支持男性彼此連結的社交空間。 什麼是「Mankeeping」？
過去30年來，男性的社交網絡顯著縮減，相較之下，女性的社交聯繫則相對穩定。此一趨勢導致許多男性日益依賴女性提供情感支持，進而對女性構成顯著的情感壓力。
史丹佛大學的研究人員將這種現象命名為「mankeeping」，並發表於《男性與男子氣概心理學》（Psychology of Men and Masculinities）期刊中深入探討其影響。研究指出，隨著男性社交圈的萎縮，女性往往承擔起填補其情感缺口的角色，這種隱形的情緒勞動，對女性的時間與精力構成不小的負擔。
該論文的主要作者、史丹佛大學克萊曼性別研究所（Clayman Institute for Gender Research）博士後學者費拉拉（Angelica Ferrara）表示，初步研究顯示，部分女性每周可能投入數小時，管理他們生活中的男性的情感與社交需求。
除了「Mankeeping」，女性還承擔被稱為「Kinkeeping」的家庭勞動。「Kinkeeping」於1985年由社會學家羅森塔爾（Carolyn Rosenthal）定義，涵蓋女性在幕後為維繫家庭團結做的各種工作。這包括管理家庭社交日程、記住生日等重要日期，協調親友往來等。這些常被忽視的隱形工作與「Mankeeping」疊加，進一步加重女性的負擔。
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