Breastfeeding And Immunity: How Breast Milk Protects Newborns From Infections

News18

08-08-2025

Last Updated:
Breast milk performs a central function in the development and support of a newborn's immune system. It is loaded with antibodies, white blood cells, and essential nutrients.
When it comes to protecting a newborn, nature has its own superpower – breast milk. Far more than just nutrition, it's a living, dynamic fluid that shapes a baby's immune system from the very first feed.
'Breast milk works as a first vaccine for babies at their most vulnerable time and provides protection against infection for a lifetime," says Dr. Kavitha Kovi, Head of Department – Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Aster Women & Children Hospital, Bengaluru.
The earliest form of breast milk, colostrum, is often called liquid gold – and for good reason. Produced in the first two to three days after birth, this nutrient-rich, yellowish milk is packed with antibodies, white blood cells, and growth factors.
'Colostrum is one of the most powerful immune agents in breast milk," Dr. Kovi explains. 'It forms a blockade in the gut of the baby so harmful bacteria and viruses cannot cross over into the bloodstream."
This initial dose doesn't just feed the baby – it fortifies them against infections at a time when they're most vulnerable.
Antibodies Tailor-Made for the Baby's World
One of breast milk's star defenders is secretory Immunoglobulin A (IgA), an antibody that coats the baby's respiratory and intestinal tracts.
'IgA antibodies are specific to the germs a mother encounters," Dr. Kovi notes. 'The first thing that happens when a mother is sick or exposed to illness is the production of IgA antibodies, and these are passed on to the baby through breast milk."
This means the baby's immune protection is continually updated to match the environment they share with their mother.
Breast milk is also rich in enzymes, beneficial bacteria, anti-inflammatory compounds, and hormones that nurture the infant's gut microbiome.
'A healthy gut is central to strong immunity," Dr. Kovi says. 'Infants breastfed up to one year are less susceptible to diarrhea, respiratory infections, and ear infections compared to formula-fed children."
Long-Term Protection Against Chronic Illness
The benefits of breastfeeding extend well beyond infancy. Studies have shown that breastfed children have a lower risk of developing asthma, allergies, type 1 diabetes, and other autoimmune conditions later in life.
'Autoimmune diseases take a back seat in children who were breastfed – and they respond amazingly well to vaccines," Dr. Kovi points out.
Nature's Custom-Made Immunity Booster
In essence, breast milk is a bespoke, immunity-boosting formula that no lab can replicate. 'Supporting and promoting breastfeeding, particularly in the first few months, is one of the most effective ways to give a child the best start in life," says Dr. Kovi.
It's a gift from mother to child – a shield of antibodies, nutrients, and love.
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