Japan needs to take the quantum-technology leap
With a massive potential market, and expectations for commercialization within five years, global competition is intensifying. Quantum advancements, from computing and communications to object-detecting sensors, carry immense potential to transform both commercial industries and national defense.
So what is quantum technology? All matter, including the human body, is composed of atoms, which themselves are made up of quantum particles. These particles exhibit both wave and particle properties and behave according to the unique laws of physics that govern the quantum realm at the nanoscale, where one nanometer equals one-millionth of a millimeter. At this scale, quantum technology leverages quantum mechanics to dramatically enhance computing, sensing and communications. Quantum computers can solve complex problems and perform optimizations that are extremely difficult for classical computers. Their potential applications span cryptography, materials science and logistics.
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Japan Times
19 hours ago
- Japan Times
SoftBank shares surge on AI hope and sign of Stargate progress
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Japan Times
a day ago
- Japan Times
Trump opens door to sales of version of Nvidia's next-gen AI chips in China
U.S. President Donald Trump on Monday suggested he might allow Nvidia to sell a scaled-down version of its next-generation advanced graphics processing unit chip in China, despite deep-seated fears in Washington that Beijing could harness U.S. artificial intelligence capabilities to supercharge its military. The move could open the door to China securing more advanced computing power from the U.S. even as the two countries battled for technology supremacy, critics said. "Jensen (Huang, Nvidia CEO) also has the new chip, the Blackwell. A somewhat enhanced-in-a-negative-way Blackwell. In other words, take 30% to 50% off of it," Trump told reporters in an apparent reference to slashing the chip's computing power. "I think he's coming to see me again about that, but that will be an unenhanced version of the big one," he added. Earlier, the Trump administration confirmed an unprecedented deal with Nvidia and AMD to give the U.S. government 15% of revenue from sales of some advanced chips in China. The move sent shivers across Washington, where China hawks of both parties have long sought to keep Beijing generations behind U.S. AI technology. "Even with scaled-down versions of flagship Nvidia (chips), China could spend and buy enough of them to build world-leading, frontier-scale AI supercomputers," said Saif Khan, a former director of technology and national security at the White House National Security Council under former President Joe Biden, who heavily restricted U.S. AI chip exports abroad. "This could directly lead to China leapfrogging America in AI capabilities.' It was reported in May that Nvidia was preparing a new chip for China that was a variant of its most recent state-of-the-art AI Blackwell chips at a significantly lower cost. Nvidia has not disclosed the existence of the chip, or its capabilities compared with its U.S. offerings. But the flagship U.S. version of the Blackwell chip, which Nvidia unveiled in March, is up to 30 times faster than its predecessor. Trump on Monday defended the agreement calling for Nvidia and AMD to give the U.S. government 15% of revenue from their China sales, after his administration green-lighted exports to China of less advanced AI chips known as the H20 last month. The Trump administration halted sales of Nvidia's H20 chips to China in April, but the company said last month it had won clearance to resume shipments and hoped to start deliveries soon. "The H20 is obsolete," Trump said on Monday, arguing China already had it. "So I said, 'Listen, I want 20% if I'm going to approve this for you, for the country.'" The deal is extremely rare for the United States and marks Trump's latest intervention in corporate decision-making, after pressuring executives to invest in American manufacturing and demanding the resignation of Intel's new CEO, Lip-Bu Tan, over his ties to Chinese companies. The U.S. Commerce Department has started issuing licenses for the sale of H20 chips to China, a U.S. official said on Friday. Washington does not feel the sale of H20 and equivalent chips compromises national security, a second U.S. official said on Sunday. The second official did not know when or how the agreement with the chip companies would be implemented but said the administration would be in compliance with the law. When asked if Nvidia had agreed to pay 15% of revenue to the U.S., a company spokesperson said, "We follow rules the U.S. government sets for our participation in worldwide markets." "While we haven't shipped H20 to China for months, we hope export control rules will let America compete in China and worldwide," the spokesperson added. A spokesperson for AMD said the U.S. approved its applications to export some AI processors to China, but did not directly address the revenue-sharing agreement and said the company's business adheres to all U.S. export controls. China's foreign ministry said the country has repeatedly stated its position on U.S. chip exports. The ministry has previously accused Washington of using technology and trade measures to "maliciously contain and suppress China."
Japan Times
2 days ago
- Japan Times
Silicon Valley is in its ‘hard tech' era
In a scene in HBO's "Silicon Valley' in 2014, a character who had just sold his idea to a fictional tech company that was a thinly veiled analogue to Google encountered some of his new colleagues day drinking on the roof in folding lawn chairs. They were, they said tipsily, essentially being paid to do nothing while earning out — or "vesting' — their stock grants. "Rest and vest,' the techies said, in between sips of beer. The tongue-in-cheek send-up wasn't far from Silicon Valley's reality. At the time, young engineers at Facebook, Apple, Netflix and Google made the most of what was known as the "Web 2.0' era. Much of their work was building the consumer internet — things like streaming music services and photo-sharing sites. It was a time of mobile apps and Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook's founder, wanting to give everyone a Facebook email address. It was also the antithesis of corporate America's stuffy culture. Engineers held morning meetings sitting in rainbow-colored beanbags, took lunch gratis at the corporate sushi bar and unwound in the afternoon with craft brews from the office keg (nitrogen chilled, natch). And if they got sweaty after a heated office table-tennis tournament, no matter — dry cleaning service was free. That Silicon Valley is now mostly ancient history. Today, the tech has become harder, the perks are fewer and the mood has turned more serious. The nation's tech capital has shifted into its artificial intelligence age — some call it the "hard tech' era — and the signs are everywhere. A web browser on a smartphone displays ChatGPT in Brooklyn on Dec. 7, 2022. Artificial intelligence has ushered in an era of what insiders in the nation's innovation capital call 'hard tech.' | Jackie Molloy / The New York Times In office conference rooms, hacker houses, third-wave coffee houses or over Zoom meetings, knowledge of terms like neural network, large language model and graphical processing unit has become mandatory. Stacked up against ChatGPT's ability to instantly transform any image into a Studio Ghibli cartoon, Instagram's photo filters are practically Paleolithic. And the chatter is about not how you built your app with the HTML5 coding language, but how many H100 graphics cards — the highly coveted hardware for running AI programs — you can get your hands on. The tech epicenter has moved from the traditional cradle of Silicon Valley — the towns of San Jose, Mountain View, Menlo Park and Palo Alto — 40 miles north to San Francisco, the home of the AI startups OpenAI and Anthropic. Tech giants like Google are no longer hiring in droves as they once did. And those with jobs at those behemoths are met by the watchful eyes of managers looking to cut dead weight rather than coddle employees. The region, long known for its capital-L Liberal politics, is no longer a political monoculture. A contingent of venture capitalists and entrepreneurs has spurred a rightward shift, leading to the rise of the "Liberaltarian' — a term coined by two Stanford political economists to describe the tech industry's proclivity toward trumpeting liberalism in some social issues but maintaining anti-government posturing in regulating businesses. Alongside that change, industries that were once politically incorrect among techies — like defense and weapons development — have become a chic category for investment. A training exercise in Blackstone, Virginia, using a 2020 prototype of augmented reality headgear for soldiers on Oct. 27, 2020. Meta recently said it is making virtual reality glasses with Anduril, a defense tech start-up, to train soldiers for battle. | U.S. Army / via The New York Times If Silicon Valley's Web 2.0 era was defined by founders playing God on their computers by creating social networks and other services, the new era is about founders angling to create "superintelligent' computers that may one day surpass humans and become a kind of "God' in the machine. "The low-hanging-fruit era of tech, where earlier consumer-facing software businesses were easier to build and printing money, it just feels over,' said Sheel Mohnot, a general partner at the venture capital firm Better Tomorrow Ventures in San Francisco. Silicon Valley has long provided a peek into the possible future, and the region's changes over the past 15 years give a glimpse into the technologies and corporate cultures that may spread across industries and, eventually, across the rest of the world. After some years of dizzying highs (Twitch! Waymos! Crypto!) and very low lows (Metaverse! Clubhouse! Crypto!), we would do well to stop and see how the nation's tech capital has altered. We might learn something about how we will soon live. I've seen these changes firsthand, having lived in the San Francisco Bay Area for 20 years and worked as a tech journalist since 2010. I began chronicling Silicon Valley in its Web 2.0 heyday, when Facebook and Google — still in their adolescence — were replacing older companies like Sun Microsystems as the cool places to work. In some cases, quite literally. Facebook bought Sun Microsystems' corporate campus in Menlo Park in 2011, making it the headquarters of a social networking empire that absorbed Instagram and WhatsApp. Facebook, later renamed Meta, also commissioned Frank Gehry to design a new postmodern office complex next door. Down the road, the Googleplex in Mountain View was sucking up talent and growing like a weed. Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Google's founders, codified the now famous "20% time' perk, allowing employees to work on whatever they wanted one day a week. "Google kicked off the lunches and the nap pods and all that stuff, and everyone else just had to compete,' Mohnot said. People work at a space called Shack15 inside the Ferry Building in San Francisco on May 8. | Loren Elliott / The New York Times With interest rates for borrowing cash at rock bottom in the late 2010s and early this decade, Web 2.0 startups raised money easily. One company, Zume, raised nearly $500 million to revolutionize automated pizza making. Then came the pandemic. Some techies who worked in Silicon Valley but lived in San Francisco were fed up with what they saw as the city government's getting too "woke.' Others saw an opportunity to work remotely. Many decamped to Miami, Austin or Jackson Hole. Downtown San Francisco hollowed out. Facebook, Google and others hired aggressively in 2020 and 2021, as people were trapped indoors and their internet use soared. But after lockdowns lifted, the companies found they had recruited too many people. In 2022, Zuckerberg slashed roughly a third of Meta's workforce. Elon Musk, who bought Twitter, now known as X, shed three-quarters of its employees. Other companies followed, eliminating moderators, marketers, media handlers and all things associated with diversity and inclusion. Heaven help those with a humanities degree. That same year, OpenAI — a relatively obscure AI lab in San Francisco — unveiled ChatGPT, which exploded in popularity. Suddenly, AI was the hottest thing. Meta, Google and others joined the AI rush, shedding "softer' skilled employees for "harder' ones. Digital prophets, whose jobs amounted to being full-time TED Talk deliverers, were out. Deep learning and neural network specialists were in. Venture capitalists, undaunted by failed investments in crypto and metaverse startups, threw their money at any entrepreneur with "AI' or "machine learning' in the pitch deck. As OpenAI, Anthropic and other AI startups gained prominence in San Francisco, entrepreneurs abandoned building a "Silicon Beach' in Miami or a "Silicon Hills' in Austin. They returned to the Bay Area. "For something so up in the cloud, AI is a very in-person industry,' said Jasmine Sun, a former employee at Substack who is a culture writer in San Francisco covering tech and AI trends. "People are going to parties, hacker houses, happy hours. It's where they all mingle and exchange information.' The AI influx has remade parts of San Francisco. The space between the city's Mission District and Potrero Hill neighborhood is now called "The Arena' after startups like Notion and Chroma moved in along with OpenAI. Like Russell Crowe in "Gladiator,' founders in "The Arena' are fighting one another for AI supremacy, though on the battlefield of free-market capitalism and not in the Colosseum. Palmer Luckey, the founder of Anduril, which designs artificial intelligence-backed weapons, in San Clemente, California, in 2021. The company is working with Meta and other tech giants. | Philip Cheung / The New York Times Hayes Valley — an edgy neighborhood that has gentrified — is called "Cerebral Valley,' a hot spot for AI engineers to meet over warm lamb and harissa salads at Souvla. Nearer the water, the Ferry Building on the Embarcadero is home to Shack15, a private coworking space filled with startup workers eager to network in between vibe-coding sessions. As a more right-leaning crowd of tech elite and terminally online Gen-Z founders emerged, they turned against politics in the workplace and globalism. Sharing technology globally had put Silicon Valley's tech leadership at risk of being overtaken by China, some said. New startups reflected the evolution. Instead of tap-to-pay apps of a decade ago like Clinkle and Bump, young companies making unmanned aerial drones stocked with AI-guided Barracuda cruise missiles appeared. Think of the change as less HBO's "Silicon Valley' and more HBO's "Mountainhead.' Still, an appetite for exuberance remains. Roon, a computer scientist and well-known member of the tech commentariat on X who is known by his handle, recalled a party around the time of ChatGPT's 2022 release as a watershed AI moment for San Francisco. Stability AI, a startup that makes image-generation software, rented the city's Exploratorium science museum — founded by Robert Oppenheimer's younger brother, Frank — to celebrate $101 million in funding. "It was fun, it was real, the tech was real,' said Roon, who declined to be named because he works for a prominent tech company but does not represent it. There is a sense of cautious optimism — even renewal. Uber subleased 500,000 square feet of office space to OpenAI in 2023, as the company expanded. Scale AI, which Meta recently invested $14.3 billion in, took over a building in San Francisco's Design District that had been occupied by Zynga, the gaming company. Even the once sleepy Financial District is bustling again. "We are so back,' Roon said. This article originally appeared in The New York Times © 2025 The New York Times Company
