
People are now supporting their parents, as well as their children
People in the UK are increasingly propping up multiple generations of their families, placing significant pressure on their own financial wellbeing, according to the latest Saltus Wealth Index Report. Saltus surveyed people with assets of £250,000 or more, and found a growing number are providing both downward and upward financial support, often at the expense of their own financial goals.
Almost three quarters of High Net Worth (HNW) parents are providing financial support to adult children, two thirds are supporting their own ageing parents or grandparents and as many as one in eight are doing both.
The findings mark the emergence of what Saltus is calling the 'bank of son and daughter' (BOSAD), where grown-up children are now supporting elderly parents, reversing the traditional flow of intergenerational support. This new trend comes on top of the well-documented 'bank of mum and dad' (BOMAD).
The Report shows that while 42% of HNWIs are managing to fund the support through excess income, a third have had to sell or use investments and 18% have cut back on lifestyle spending. One in eight say they are sacrificing their pensions by either dipping into their pots or reducing their contributions.
The top reasons for supporting adult children include house deposits (23%), car purchases (19%) and day-to-day bills (15%), while shopping (45%), utility bills (43%) and rent or mortgage payments (26%) are the most common ways HNWIs are helping their own parents. Medical expenses are also common.
Almost one in five of those supporting family have gifted more than £10,000 in the past year (more than half of those, and 7% overall, have given more than £15,000) while the average sum gifted is £7,500.
Mike Stimpson, Partner at wealth management firm Saltus, said: 'The data reveal a remarkable insight into how wealth is flowing through families. The traditional 'bank of mum and dad' model is now matched by a rising trend of adult children stepping in to support their parents as the 'bank of son and daughter'.
'This growing financial squeeze is changing priorities and prompting many to make personal sacrifices. The government is asking a lot of people who have worked hard to establish themselves. They are often key to funding business growth, providing seed capital and creating jobs - if they are forced to choose between supporting their families and investing in the future, there could be implications for the wider economy through reduced investment, pension saving and wider spending.'

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Telegraph
3 days ago
- Telegraph
How Italy is luring Britain's fed-up millionaires
Italy is experiencing a profound brain drain of its educated young people. Fabio Panetta, the governor of the Bank of Italy, warned last week that it risks impacting the country's economic growth. Yet at the same time, it is attracting disenchanted multi-millionaires from overseas to embrace la dolce vita, thanks to its flat tax regime. By paying a lump sum of €200,000 (£168,000) annually on their foreign-sourced income, they could in theory save hundreds of thousands – even millions – in tax. For example, someone earning £600,000 in the UK would pay £270,000 in income tax and National Insurance; in Italy their flat-tax bill would be £168,000, and they can avoid Italian tax on overseas earnings. Family members can also be added to an individual scheme at a flat tax of £21,000, and you are also exempt from any wealth and inheritance taxes. Once you are in the scheme, you keep paying the tax at that rate or you must leave it. Even though this flat rate has doubled since the scheme began in 2017, it has become more popular than ever, according to agents and advisers. 'High net worth individuals are worried that Italy could either increase the annual amount or that they might cancel the scheme,' says Danilo Orlando of Savills. In London, the abolition of the non-dom regime and changes to inheritance tax breaks on assets held in overseas trusts have sent ultra-wealthy people fleeing. Italians describe their flat tax scheme as 'svuota Londra' or 'empty London' – such is the allure of its tax breaks. 'It is tailor-made for somebody like me' The attack on non-doms is not just persuading disillusioned Britons to depart the capital, but is also dissuading other nationalities from arriving. Jack* and his family had planned to move to London when they fell out of love with life in Australia during the pandemic. Instead, they swapped Melbourne for Florence. 'I don't think we would have moved to Italy if the flat tax regime wasn't available,' he says. 'The [regular] income tax levels and less generous capital gains concessions in Italy (on worldwide income and assets) are about 30pc to 50pc higher than in Australia, while in the UK they were roughly the same,' says Jack, 45, who runs a private management consulting business. Even though his wife is Italian, they hadn't considered moving there before. 'The flat tax regime cut my tax bill by 60pc and is tailor-made for somebody like me – a self-employed professional with all business activities and assets in foreign jurisdictions.' He says the cost of living in Florence is 35pc to 40pc cheaper than Melbourne. 'Florence worked best for logistics and education,' says Jack, whose children are 12, 14 and 18. 'But also the property prices are insanely reasonable vis-a-vis Melbourne and Sydney…and the food is crazy good.' The enviable lifestyle of Italy has long been a massive pull for second home buyers, but the flat tax is behind the shift to relocation, says Orlando. North Americans lead the way – mostly in tech, finance or crypto – followed by British people. 'Italy's low inheritance tax is another factor – it's among the lowest in Europe,' he adds. Inheritance tax is only 4pc for a spouse and children – and 8pc for unrelated beneficiaries – way below the UK's 40pc. From 2027, pensions will be subject to inheritance tax in the UK. 'Milan is becoming a mini London' Flat tax movers are a small cohort – according to the Ministry of Finance, there were around 4,000 between 2017 and 2023, plus an estimated 1,000 since then. The scheme is only open to those who have not been tax residents in Italy for at least nine of the previous 10 years. Their impact is being felt in property markets and wealthy enclaves. 'A discreet yet powerful movement is reshaping the demographic of northern Italy, particularly in Milan and around Lake Como,' says Sara Zanotta, founder of Lakeside Real Estate in Como. 'Many movers are bringing their families, staff and entire lifestyles with them.' Milan is the obvious choice as Italy's financial centre, although not always the final stop. Since 2015, when it hosted the Milan Expo, it has evolved into a global city, offering good schools and the Alps and lakes within easy reach. To cater for these new arrivals, new private members clubs have opened up, such as The Wilde by Gary Landesberg, who previously owned Mayfair's the Arts Club, as well as a Soho House and Casa Cipriani. Michelin stars are multiplying and so are pupils at the British School of Milan, which is expanding. 'Milan is becoming a mini London,' says Roberto Magaglio, of Engel & Volkers. 'Since the abolition of the [UK] non-dom regime, billionaires are asking their private office, 'Where do we go?'. Milan is now full of French and English-speaking people. 'Rental rates are high [for Italy], but way lower than London. The most luxurious apartments might rent for €10,000 a month.' In prime central London, they cost that per week. Magaglio adds that while this is a 'very small market' of these ultra-high earners, there is still a shortage of turnkey trophy apartments to suit this new type of renter. Many want to live in the fashionable and bohemian Brera district, yet small apartments in the former blue-collar area are challenging to renovate. They don't come with large balconies or gardens – 'you don't even see a tree', says Magaglio. Those from the UK and France often bring large families, Magaglio adds – lower Italian inheritance tax is also a huge attraction for the French. 'Return of the brains' To arrest their brain drain, the Italian government offers the 'Rientro dei Cervelli', literally the 'return of the brains' scheme, a 60pc tax exemption on income for five years for highly skilled workers and expats moving back to Italy. It was recently made less generous, and is also open to foreign nationals, including British people. As a result, there are more highly skilled returning expats buying homes, which is helping to fuel demand for Milan's most expensive properties. In the year to December last year, the average price per square metre increased by 7pc to €18,500, according to Knight Frank. By contrast, the equivalent in central London fell by 5.6pc. In Milan, the flat-taxpayers always rent first, say agents, and some choose to rent in modern skyscrapers such as the Bosco Verticale or those in CityLife. With luxury blocks thin on the ground, developers are looking to profit from this new demand. A 220 square metre flat in a new block with vast terraces and amenities in the fashionable district of Tortona will cost from €4m to €5m, according to Savills. Those seeking more green space or a smaller city are looking to nearby areas with good international schools, says Diletta Giorgolo, of Sotheby's International Realty, who deals with around 20 flat tax buyers per month. 'Monza and Varese are popular – or the lakes, with €5m-€10m being spent on a home. French and South American flat tax buyers is a new trend.' The Italian lakes and specifically Lake Como, is the second-favourite choice for flat-taxpayers. A recent example was a British family from London, with the father working for one of the five biggest US tech companies, and a daughter at the International School of Como, which is expanding to cater for rising demand, according to Sara Zanotta. Its senior school fees start from £16,278 per year. 'We are seeing many flat tax buyers from the UK and US,' adds Giorgolo. 'They buy, not rent, spending €3.5m to €5m on a nicely renovated villa. These properties often sell before they go on sale – we have a waiting list. There is also growing interest from investment funds.' 'The bureaucracy is real' The flat tax regime does not exempt owners from Italian property taxes or income tax on rental income from an Italian property – or the complexities of local bureaucracy. Zanotta says the British family she worked with had a 'nightmare' getting their investor visa. Anyone on the flat tax regime who is not a European citizen needs a visa. They usually go for the investor visa (Italy's version of the golden visa) which requires investing either €250,000 in a start-up, or €500,000 in a company, a €1m philanthropic donation or €2m on government bonds. Because investing €500,000 in a company involves less risk than the start-up, it is usually favoured by clients, Daniel Shillito, of D&G Property Advice, who helps flat tax applicants choose where to live in Italy. He worked with a former London non-dom moving to Rome, where there are more super-prime homes than in Milan. 'Rome is a much more liveable city than Milan and has more schools,' says Shillito. 'Many people enquire about Milan then see the limitations. They realise they cannot transplant their Chelsea town house into Milan.' A villa on the fringes of Florence might be more similar in style, so Bill Thomson, of Knight Frank, sees people pivot to Tuscany. 'The typical flat -tax buyer spends at least €5m. Young guys in tech from California or New York favour the city centre so the limited supply is impacting prices.' New high-end development projects are popping up in Florence too, including one of town houses with gardens near Via Romana from €2.6m. He's selling a three-storey town house in the centre for €15m – the American owners came for the flat tax, but are now leaving town. After five years of ownership, they can be spared the Italian capital gains tax. Families will often live in the hills outside Florence, like Jack, who says the process of moving was 'shockingly easy'. He adds: 'It takes a long time, the bureaucracy is real, but it functions well. You need an accountant, a lawyer and somebody to keep them coordinated. It cost me €40,000 to €50,000 in professional services and government fees, but we did expedite the process.' Does he miss Australia at all? 'I miss family, friends, cricket and Australian rules football. But we have a steady stream of guests to our new home.'


Geeky Gadgets
5 days ago
- Geeky Gadgets
Master Token Management: Save Big While Using Claude Code
Have you ever been surprised by how quickly costs can spiral when working with large language models like Claude Code? While these tools are undeniably powerful for coding, problem-solving, and brainstorming, their utility comes with a hidden challenge: token consumption. Every word, character, or snippet of text processed by the model counts as a token, and these tokens directly influence both performance and pricing. If you've ever wondered why your seemingly simple task suddenly feels expensive—or why the model's responses seem to degrade during long conversations—you're not alone. Managing token usage isn't just a technical skill; it's an essential strategy for anyone looking to make the most of these innovative tools. In this instructional feature, Greg provide more insights into practical strategies for optimizing token usage in Claude Code, helping you strike the perfect balance between cost and performance. You'll uncover why stateless conversations can quickly inflate token counts, how to avoid context limitations, and when to switch between advanced and lighter models for maximum efficiency. Whether you're a developer juggling complex projects or a curious user exploring the model's capabilities, this guide will equip you with actionable insights to streamline your workflow. After all, mastering token management isn't just about saving money—it's about unlocking the full potential of AI without unnecessary trade-offs. Understanding Token Costs TL;DR Key Takeaways : Large language models (LLMs) like Claude Code calculate costs based on token usage, making effective token management crucial for reducing expenses and maintaining performance. Stateless conversations in LLMs require the entire conversation history to be included with each interaction, leading to rapid token accumulation and increased costs. Strategies to optimize token usage include starting new chats for separate tasks, summarizing long conversations, and selecting the appropriate model for specific tasks to balance cost and performance. Extended conversations can degrade model performance as the context limit is approached, resulting in less accurate responses and escalating costs. Practical workflow recommendations include using advanced models for complex tasks, switching to lighter models for simpler tasks, and regularly monitoring and resetting conversations to manage token consumption effectively. LLMs calculate costs based on the number of tokens processed during both input and output. Tokens can represent words, characters, or even parts of words, depending on the model's architecture. The more advanced the model, the higher the cost per token due to its enhanced capabilities for complex reasoning. For example: A simple query might consume only a few dozen tokens. A detailed conversation or code generation task could involve thousands of tokens. As token usage increases, so does the expense. This makes it essential to monitor and manage token consumption, particularly for tasks requiring extensive interactions. By understanding how token costs accumulate, you can make informed decisions to optimize usage and control expenses. Challenges of Token Usage in Stateless Conversations One of the fundamental challenges of working with LLMs is their stateless nature. These models do not retain memory between interactions, meaning the entire conversation history must be included with each new message. While this ensures continuity, it also leads to rapid token accumulation during extended conversations. Key challenges include: Increased Costs: Longer conversations consume more tokens, significantly driving up expenses. Longer conversations consume more tokens, significantly driving up expenses. Context Limitations: Exceeding the model's context limit can degrade performance, resulting in less accurate or relevant responses. Understanding these challenges is the first step toward effective token management. By addressing these issues, you can ensure smoother interactions and better performance from the model. How to Optimize Token Usage in Claude Code Uncover more insights about Claude Code in previous articles we have written. Strategies to Optimize Token Usage To mitigate token-related challenges, you can adopt several strategies to manage usage effectively. These approaches help balance cost and performance while maintaining the quality of outputs. Start New Chats for Separate Tasks: Avoid using the same chat thread for unrelated tasks. Each additional message adds to the token count, even if it's irrelevant to the current topic. Resetting the chat history with commands like /clear can free up context and reduce unnecessary token consumption. Avoid using the same chat thread for unrelated tasks. Each additional message adds to the token count, even if it's irrelevant to the current topic. Resetting the chat history with commands like /clear can free up context and reduce unnecessary token consumption. Summarize Long Conversations: When a conversation approaches 50% of the model's context limit, summarizing the discussion can help maintain focus and efficiency. Commands like /compact allow you to condense the conversation history, retaining only the most relevant information. When a conversation approaches 50% of the model's context limit, summarizing the discussion can help maintain focus and efficiency. Commands like /compact allow you to condense the conversation history, retaining only the most relevant information. Choose the Right Model: Not all tasks require the most advanced and expensive models. For high-level reasoning, a powerful model may be necessary, but simpler tasks can often be handled by lighter, less costly models. Switching between models using commands like /mod can help balance cost and performance. By implementing these strategies, you can significantly reduce token consumption while maintaining the effectiveness of your interactions with Claude Code. Why Long Conversations Can Be Problematic Extended conversations not only increase token usage but also introduce additional risks. As the context limit is approached, the model's ability to generate accurate and relevant responses diminishes. This can lead to several issues: Escalating Costs: Prolonged interactions result in higher token consumption, driving up expenses. Prolonged interactions result in higher token consumption, driving up expenses. Decreased Performance: Exceeding the context limit can cause the model to lose track of important details, reducing the quality of its outputs. While techniques like context caching and token compression can help mitigate these issues, they are not foolproof. Proactively managing conversation length and token usage remains the most effective solution to maintain performance and control costs. Practical Workflow Recommendations To optimize your workflow and minimize token-related expenses, consider adopting the following best practices. These recommendations ensure that you can use the full potential of Claude Code while keeping costs manageable. Start with a Powerful Model: Use an advanced model for tasks requiring complex reasoning, brainstorming, or initial planning. This ensures high-quality outputs for critical stages of your work. Use an advanced model for tasks requiring complex reasoning, brainstorming, or initial planning. This ensures high-quality outputs for critical stages of your work. Switch to a Lighter Model: Transition to a less costly model for execution, refinement, or repetitive tasks. This approach helps save on expenses without sacrificing quality for simpler tasks. Transition to a less costly model for execution, refinement, or repetitive tasks. This approach helps save on expenses without sacrificing quality for simpler tasks. Monitor and Reset Conversations: Regularly track token usage and reset or summarize conversations as needed. This prevents unnecessary accumulation and ensures the model remains efficient and focused. By following these strategies, you can maximize the benefits of LLMs like Claude Code while keeping token consumption under control. Effective token management allows you to harness these advanced tools for coding, problem-solving, and other AI-powered activities without compromising performance or efficiency. Media Credit: Greg Latest Geeky Gadgets Deals Some of our articles include affiliate links. If you buy something through one of these links, Geeky Gadgets may earn an affiliate commission. Learn about our Disclosure Policy

Finextra
22-05-2025
- Finextra
The Unique Needs of Both The Novice & High Net-Worth Investor
Kasey Gaines, Founder, Psalm Capital in his FinextraTV interview at the Communify Fincentric 2025 Experience gave his unique insights on two quite different investor types. Explaining both the heavy-lifting advisory needs of Hight Net-Worth investors and the importance of risk tolerance assessments for the more novice ones, his advice in both situations emphasises the importance of the financial advisor.