India's first manned deep ocean mission at 6,000 m depth to be launched by 2026 end: NIOT
Samudrayaan
' into a 6,000-metre depth using the manned submersible vehicle 'Matsya' is expected to be launched by the end of 2026,
National Institute of Ocean Technology
(NIOT) Director Balaji Ramakrishnan said on Tuesday. He was speaking after inaugurating a five-day national training programme on the 'role of fisheries in the
blue economy
' at the ICAR-Central
Marine Fisheries Research
Institute (CMFRI) here.
"The mission will enable
deep-sea exploration
down to 6000 metres, carrying three scientists on board 'Matsya.' The NIOT, under the Ministry of Earth Sciences, is the implementing nodal agency of the deep ocean mission," he said.
Developed with India's indigenous technology, this advanced 25-tonne 4th generation vehicle is specifically engineered to withstand extreme pressure and temperature in the deeper ocean, with a hull made of titanium.
Continue to video
5
5
Next
Stay
Playback speed
1x Normal
Back
0.25x
0.5x
1x Normal
1.5x
2x
5
5
/
Skip
Ads by
by Taboola
by Taboola
Sponsored Links
Sponsored Links
Promoted Links
Promoted Links
You May Like
Victoria Principal Is Almost 75, See Her Now
Reportingly
Undo
"This mission is expected to be a game-changer for India's deep-sea research, opening avenues for the assessment of both living and non-living resources in the deep ocean, comprehensive ocean observation, and the potential for
deep-sea tourism
," Ramakrishnan said.
The launch is planned as a step-by-step process, and a crucial phase of the 500 m depth trial is anticipated by the end of this year," he said, adding the journey to dive deep will take four hours, and the same time is expected to come out.
Live Events
The mission will be instrumental in collecting critical samples from the deeper oceanic zone, offering opportunities for scientists to understand the unique characteristics of the organism and the water in the region, the NIOT director said.
Citing another breakthrough in the sector, he said an innovative technology named 'Samudrajivah' has been developed to focus on improved large-scale open sea age farming.
"The technology is currently in the demonstration phase," he said, pointing out that these electronically monitored submerged fish cages are designed for offshore regions, capitalising on the nutritionally rich deep-sea environment to optimise the fish growth.
Having different sensors, Samudrajivah is capable of remote monitoring of individual fish biomass, growth and movement and water quality parameters, he added.
"The technology is expected to be one of the major developments in India's food security," he said.
These emerging technologies would be crucial for sustainable development in the marine fisheries sector and will significantly support the country's blue economy initiatives, Dr Ramakrishnan said.
The training programme on fisheries is being jointly organised by the CMFRI and Vijnana Bharati (VIBHA).
In his presidential address, CMFRI director Dr Grinson George said integrating NIOT's technology with CMFRI's marine research achievements would be instrumental in the advancement of a healthy blue economy in India.
"Technological enhancement is an urgent need to fully exploit the potential of mariculture activity in India, especially seaweed cultivation", he said and stressed the need for advisories or early warning systems for jellyfish blooms and harmful algal blooms to support fishermen and fish farmers.
Former director of Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services Satheesh Shenoi, VIBHA secretary general Vivekananda Pai, and former director of National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) Dr S Prasanna Kumar also spoke on the occasion, a release from the CMFRI here said.
Try Our AI Features
Explore what Daily8 AI can do for you:
Comments
No comments yet...
Related Articles
Time of India
25 minutes ago
- Time of India
No more holding the breath: THIS is the method that can actually REVEAL one's respiratory health
The Body Oxygen Level Test (BOLT) represents a short scientific assessment, which measures your breathing efficiency together with carbon dioxide (CO₂) tolerance. The test delivers basic but useful information, regarding your breathing status, oxygen utilisation and your capacity to handle carbon dioxide accumulation, which determines your energy levels and stress resilience and focus. What is the Body Oxygen Level Test (BOLT) The BOLT test measures how long you can safely maintain breath after exhaling, before feeling compelled to breathe. The standardised test offers an authentic assessment of your breathing efficiency, and CO₂ tolerance beyond random breath-holding attempts. The test requires no specific location, since you can perform it anywhere, and takes approximately a few minutes to complete. The following steps outline the BOLT test procedure: Choose a peaceful location, then sit up straight with proper posture. Normal breathing should occur through your nose while maintaining relaxed breathing patterns. After exhaling normally, you should pinch your nose to stop breathing. Start counting from when you start keeping your breath inside your body. Maintain your breath until the first breathing signal appears which includes throat tickle sensations, chest tightening, or diaphragmatic contractions. by Taboola by Taboola Sponsored Links Sponsored Links Promoted Links Promoted Links You May Like Your Finger Shape Says a Lot About Your Personality, Read Now Tips and Tricks Undo Stop the timer immediately upon noticing the urge, and then return to regular breathing patterns. Take note of the total seconds you managed to hold your breath, before starting to breathe normally. Repeat the test two more times, then calculate the average of the three readings to determine your BOLT score. Why does the BOLT score matter The process of holding one's breath following exhalation, causes lung oxygen levels to decrease, while carbon dioxide concentrations increase. Your brain receives the primary signal to initiate breathing, through the buildup of carbon dioxide. The duration of your comfortable breath-holding period, reveals your ventilatory response and CO₂ tolerance. Short breath-holding durations indicate your body reacts strongly to CO₂, which leads to faster breathing with potentially shallow breaths. This condition often connects to stress situations and anxiety together, with dysfunctional breathing patterns. A longer breath-hold time, indicates your body demonstrates high CO₂ tolerance through efficient and well-regulated breathing, which optimises cell oxygen delivery, and promotes overall relaxation. What does your BOLT score mean BOLT scores under 10 seconds show poor CO₂ tolerance along with inadequate breathing efficiency. This can point to stress and anxiety, that can improve through breathwork techniques. The score range from 10 to 20 seconds indicates average respiratory function, together with moderate breath control. However, your breathing control needs development, because stress situations can lead to irregular breathing patterns. The score range between 20 to 40 seconds indicates both effective breathing efficiency, and strong CO₂ tolerance. Your body uses this breathing pattern to maintain stable energy levels while boosting endurance. A breath-holding capacity exceeding 40 seconds, demonstrates top-tier respiratory control together with nervous system optimisation. People who achieve this score, demonstrate superior resilience and maximum performance potential. What advantages does a higher BOLT score provide to users A higher BOLT score indicates improved breathing efficiency, which enables your body to use oxygen more efficiently while tolerating higher CO₂ concentrations. This can lead to: Enhanced energy levels Better stress resilience and calmer nervous system function Improved focus and mental clarity Greater physical endurance and stamina More restful sleep and reduced fatigue The practice of specific breathing exercises that generate a gentle "air hunger" sensation, followed by controlled breath-hold increases BOLT scores during several months of practice. Regular breathing practice breaks the pattern of excessive breathing (excessive breathing beyond physical requirements) which affects stressed or anxious individuals. Sources How to do a BOLT Score Test and what it means, How to Measure Your BOLT Score, Oxygen Advantage Improve Your BOLT Score for Optimal Health, The Breath Coach
Time of India
2 hours ago
- Time of India
Horizontal vs vertical lines: A simple student guide with easy diagrams and examples
Whether you are sketching graphs in mathematics, understanding directions in geography, or reading blueprints in design class, horizontal and vertical lines are concepts you cannot avoid. They form the foundation of spatial understanding, helping students interpret diagrams, solve geometry problems, and even navigate everyday visual information. Yet, many learners still mix up which is which, especially when under exam pressure. This guide breaks down the basics of horizontal and vertical lines with clear examples, practical applications, and simple diagrams so that remembering the difference becomes second nature. The basics: Horizontal vs vertical A horizontal line runs from left to right, parallel to the horizon. If you look out at the sea or a flat football field, the line your eyes trace is horizontal. A vertical line runs from top to bottom, perpendicular to the horizon. Think of tall buildings, flagpoles, or the margins on your notebook page, they follow the vertical direction. Quick visual memory trick: Horizontal = think of lying down. Vertical = think of standing up. Horizontal and vertical lines in coordinate geometry In coordinate geometry, you meet horizontal and vertical lines in a slightly more mathematical way. by Taboola by Taboola Sponsored Links Sponsored Links Promoted Links Promoted Links You May Like Jump in With Both Feet at Siemens Energy Siemens Energy Read More Undo Horizontal lines have the same y -coordinate for every point on the line. This means there is no change in the vertical position as you move along the line. Equation form: y = k (where k is a constant). Example: y = 5 represents a horizontal line passing through every point where the y-value is 5. Vertical lines have the same x -coordinate for every point. This means there is no change in the horizontal position as you move along the line. Equation form: x = k (where k is a constant). Example: x = -3 represents a vertical line passing through every point where the x-value is -3. Slope: The deciding factor Slope (or gradient) is one of the easiest ways to tell the two apart in mathematics. Horizontal lines have a slope of 0 because there is no rise, only run. Vertical lines have an undefined slope because you cannot divide by zero (there is no run, only rise). If you are preparing for competitive exams like JEE Main or SAT in 2025, this is not just trivia, it is a quick way to spot the type of line in a graph-based question. Where you see them in real life You might think lines are a purely theoretical concept until you start noticing them everywhere: Horizontal lines: Lanes on a racing track, stripes on a national flag, or the top edge of your laptop screen. Vertical lines: Elevator shafts, lamp posts, or even the edges of a whiteboard. In design software like Canva or Photoshop, horizontal and vertical alignments are used constantly to arrange text and images neatly. In architecture and engineering drawings, both line types are crucial for ensuring accurate measurements and visual balance. How to draw them accurately In mathematics class, precision matters. A slightly tilted line may cost you marks in a construction-based question. Here is how to make sure yours are accurate: For horizontal lines: Use the top or bottom edge of your notebook page as a reference. On graph paper, follow the grid lines for perfect alignment. For vertical lines: Use the side margin of your notebook as a reference. On graph paper, align with the vertical grid lines. In 2025, students using digital tools can also plot horizontal and vertical lines by entering the equation directly, a foolproof way to avoid slants. Memory aids and quick checks Sometimes in a rush, it is easy to confuse the two. Here are quick reminders: 'Horizon' and 'Horizontal' both start with H — and both are flat. 'Vertical' sounds like 'vertex', the top point of something — which reminds you it stands tall. Use your arms: Stretch them sideways for horizontal, upwards for vertical. Common mistakes students make From helping students with assignments in tutoring centres to reviewing answer sheets, certain mistakes keep showing up: Drawing a 'horizontal' line that slightly slopes up or down. Mixing up equations like y = 3 (horizontal) and x = 3 (vertical). Forgetting that vertical lines have an undefined slope. Not labelling axes clearly before plotting lines. Avoiding these mistakes can save you from losing easy marks in exams. How it appears in exams In Class 9–12 mathematics, questions on horizontal and vertical lines usually appear in: Coordinate geometry: Plotting and identifying equations. Analytical geometry: Finding slopes and intercepts. Geometry constructions: Drawing perpendicular bisectors or parallel lines. In competitive exams in 2025, horizontal-vertical identification questions might also appear indirectly in data interpretation or logical reasoning sections. Why it is worth mastering You might think horizontal and vertical lines are too basic to deserve much revision time. But they are a foundation for: Understanding parallel and perpendicular lines. Solving distance problems in coordinate geometry. Interpreting graphs in physics and economics. Working with spreadsheets and design layouts in digital tools. Once you truly understand them, you can apply the same logic to slopes, transformations, and even 3D geometry. A final diagram-based summary Horizontal line: Equation: y = k Slope: 0 Appearance: Flat, parallel to horizon Vertical line: Equation: x = k Slope: Undefined Appearance: Standing tall, perpendicular to horizon In short: Horizontal lines lie flat, vertical lines stand tall, and both show up more often than you think, from exam papers to everyday life. The more accurately you can draw, identify, and use them, the more confident you will be in not just geometry, but in any field where structure, alignment, and precision matter. TOI Education is on WhatsApp now. Follow us here. Ready to navigate global policies? Secure your overseas future. Get expert guidance now!
Time of India
2 hours ago
- Time of India
Giant planet found orbiting tiny star ‘should not exist', astronomers say
Source: Astronomers have discovered a giant planet named TOI-6894b orbiting a very small red dwarf star that has only one-fifth the mass of the Sun. Despite the star's small size and low brightness, TOI-6894b is larger than Saturn but has only half its mass. This surprising discovery challenges previous ideas that such tiny star s cannot form or hold large gas planets. According to a study published in Nature Astronomy and reported by large planets may be more common around small stars than scientists once believed, opening new possibilities for understanding how planets form. Huge planet discovered orbiting one of the smallest red dwarf stars: TOI-6894B TOI-6894b was found using data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Its host star, TOI-6894, is a cool red dwarf, much smaller and dimmer than our Sun. Despite this, TOI-6894b has a radius larger than Saturn but with only half its mass. This makes the star the smallest known to have such a large gas giant orbiting it. This discovery challenges the assumption that small stars cannot form or hold giant planets. Challenging planet formation theories: How TOI-6894b formed around a tiny star by Taboola by Taboola Sponsored Links Sponsored Links Promoted Links Promoted Links You May Like Pierce Brosnan's Wife Lost 120 Pounds - This Is Her Now Undo Traditional planet formation theories, such as core accretion, suggest that low-mass stars have thin discs of gas and dust that are not enough to build large planets. Scientists believe TOI-6894b could have formed through a modified core accretion process or through gravitational instability, where parts of the disc collapse quickly under their own gravity. Neither explanation perfectly fits current data, highlighting the need for further research to understand how such a massive planet can form around a tiny star. James Webb Telescope to study TOI-6894b's rare methane and ammonia atmosphere TOI-6894b orbits far enough from its star to have a relatively cool atmosphere, with an estimated temperature of 420 Kelvin (about 147 degrees Celsius). Its atmosphere is expected to be rich in methane, which is rare among exoplanets , and may contain ammonia as well. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will observe this planet soon, providing valuable data to better understand its atmosphere and formation. This could offer important clues about planet formation in environments very different from our own solar system. Implications for astronomy and the Milky Way This discovery has big implications for astronomy. Since most stars in the Milky Way are small red dwarfs, finding a giant planet around one suggests that such planets may be more common than previously thought. The study involved researchers from the University of Warwick, University College London, and the University of Birmingham. TOI-6894b challenges existing models and will help scientists improve their understanding of planet formation and the diversity of planetary systems in our galaxy. Also read | Seven superclouds: Giant gas neighbors of our solar system discovered
