
烏克蘭無人機突襲俄機場,這是否成為戰局轉捩點? - TNL The News Lens 關鍵評論網
烏克蘭無人機突襲俄空軍基地,「蛛網行動」重創俄戰略航空力量。烏方公布突襲影像,展現行動細節,並稱摧毀多架轟炸機和預警機。俄方則保持沉默,普京揚言將予以回應。此舉或成戰爭轉捩點,凸顯俄羅斯脆弱性。
文:保羅・亞當斯(Paul Adams),BBC外交事務記者 發自基輔
三天過去,烏克蘭仍在消化「蛛網行動」(Operation Spider's Web)帶來的全部影響——這場發生在1日的大規模突襲,直指俄羅斯的戰略航空力量。
最新消息指,美國總統川普(Donald Trump)在和俄羅斯總統普亭(Vladimir Putin)6月4日通電話後透露,普亭「非常強烈地」表示,將對烏克蘭對俄羅斯空軍基地的大規模無人機襲擊作出回應。
4日,策劃並執行此次襲擊的烏克蘭安全局(SBU)公布了更多生動的襲擊過程畫面,並首次透露這項複雜行動是如何實施的。
1日以來陸續曝光的衛星圖像,顯示奧廖尼亞、伊萬諾沃、佳吉列沃和別拉亞等空軍基地停機坪上被摧毀飛機的殘骸,也講述了這場行動前所未有的成功。
對烏克蘭觀察家而言,這場耗時一年半籌劃的行動,至今仍堪稱奇蹟。
「這可以說是我們歷史上最精彩的軍事行動之一,」烏克蘭軍事分析組織DeepState創始人羅曼・波霍爾雷(Roman Pohorlyi)對我表示。
「我們證明了自己可以強大、可以創新,無論敵人多遠,我們都能將其摧毀。」
值得注意的是,自1日以來,幾乎所有有關此行動的訊息,都是由烏克蘭安全局主動發布的。
伴隨著這場勝利的喜悅,烏方也希望將這次行動塑造成最佳範例。資訊戰的另一面是,克里姆林宮幾乎對此保持沉默。
烏克蘭總統澤倫斯基(Volodymyr Zelensky)4日在為參與此次行動的安全局官員頒發獎章後,接受媒體採訪時,再次宣稱共有41架飛機在行動中被損毀或摧毀。
「其中一半無法修復,」他表示,「部分即便能修,也需要數年時間。」
他補充說,如果此刻已有停火協議在執行,這場「蛛網行動」本來不會發生。
烏克蘭安全局公布最新四分鐘攻擊集錦畫面,透露多項關鍵細節。
畫面中,從117架參與行動的無人機視角,可以看到俄羅斯戰略轟炸機、運輸機和空中預警控制機(AWACS)被逐一鎖定獵殺。
多架被炸飛機陷入熊熊烈火。
畫面中首次出現了部分轟炸機機翼下部,顯示這些飛機已掛載巡弋飛彈——正是俄羅斯先前在空襲烏克蘭中屢次造成嚴重破壞的武器。
許多無人機由遠在烏克蘭境內的遙控飛行員操控,精準鎖定目標薄弱點,包括機翼上的油箱。
多處火球爆炸也表明,油箱當時裝滿燃油,飛機處於隨時起飛狀態。
Photo Credit: Reuters / BBC News 衛星影像顯示,6月4日俄羅斯伊爾庫茨克州別拉亞空軍基地,多架軍機被摧毀。
影片中特別關鍵的一幕,拍攝到無人機接近兩架別里耶夫A-50空中預警機。這種誕生於蘇聯時期的大型預警機,憑藉雷達系統可監測超過600公里(372英里)外的目標和威脅,被認為是這次「蛛網行動」中最重要的打擊目標。
在2022年全面入侵烏克蘭前,俄軍共有約九架A-50。去年至今,已有三架在先前無人機攻擊中被擊落或重創。
最新畫面強烈暗示,兩架停放在莫斯科東北部伊万諾沃・謝韋爾內空軍基地的A-50,其圓形雷達天線罩被無人機命中。
但由於畫面在撞擊瞬間訊號中斷,尚難以完全確認。
衛星影像雖清楚顯示多架轟炸機殘骸,但對A-50受損情況仍無法判定。
據估算,俄羅斯現役A-50數量可能已降至四架左右。
國防分析師謝爾希・庫贊(Serhii Kuzan)對記者表示:「目前要重啟A-50的生產幾乎不可能,受限於進口替代困難和生產設施遭破壞。」
「因此,每損失一架這類飛機,都會為俄羅斯帶來戰略性難題,短期內無力彌補。」
Photo Credit: Getty Images / BBC News 2020年紅場閱兵時,一架別里耶夫A-50飛越莫斯科上空。
4日早些時候,烏克蘭安全局也簡短揭露了「蛛網行動」另一矚目細節:烏方使用特別改裝的貨櫃,將武裝無人機秘密運送至俄境內靠近四座空軍基地的位置。
影片顯示,一輛卡車車廂裡裝載著類似木質移動小屋的裝置,有窗戶和門。
其中一段畫面中,屋頂艙蓋清晰可見。在攻擊開始前不久,這些艙蓋被收起或拆除,數十架無人機便從車廂內起飛。
目前尚不清楚這些影片拍攝於何時何地,但部分畫面中的路邊積雪顯示,可能拍攝於數週或數月前。
另有一段週日發布在俄羅斯Telegram頻道上的影片顯示,一名警察在襲擊後進入一個貨櫃後艙。
數秒後,貨櫃爆炸,疑似布設了陷阱裝置。
Photo Credit: SBU / BBC News 烏克蘭安全局發布圖片,顯示無人機藏於帶有可伸縮屋頂的木製貨櫃內。 這場震撼行動究竟影響幾何?
「從軍事角度講,這確實是戰爭中的轉捩點。」航空專家阿納托利・赫拉普欽斯基(Anatolii Khrapchynskyi)告訴記者。
「我們重創了俄羅斯的形象和作戰能力。」
就在美國總統川普公開斥責烏克蘭總統澤倫斯基「毫無籌碼」三個月後,烏克蘭用行動給出了有力回應。
「烏克蘭向全世界展示,俄羅斯其實非常脆弱,根本無法守住本土。」赫拉普欽斯基說。
不過,這並不意味著俄羅斯會因此改變路線。
川普近日與俄羅斯總統普亭通話後表示,雙方討論了烏克蘭發動的攻擊。
「這是一次很好的談話,」川普在Truth Social平台發文稱,「但這不會帶來立即的和平。」
他還透露:「普亭總統非常強硬地表示,必須對最近空軍基地遭襲予以回應。」
本文經《BBC News 中文》授權轉載,原文發表於此 延伸閱讀
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責任編輯:翁世航
核稿編輯:張博丞

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