‘Eel lanes' being created in South Downs rivers to assist 4,000-mile migration
It includes the installation of 'fish passes' being created around man-made structures in the rivers which act as a narrow lane of water to provide eels with a route around artificial barriers such as dams and weirs.
European eels push themselves upstream to make a home in rivers, including the Rother, pictured, and Ems (Jeff Travis/Western Sussex Rivers Trust/PA)
And eel brushes – strips of bristles – are also being added at new water control structures in RSPB Pulborough Brooks and Pagham Harbour to help eels manoeuvre upstream.
A spokesman for the national park said: 'The migration of these eels is quite extraordinary as they undergo several metamorphoses during their lives.
'Spawning in the Sargasso Sea, off the coast of Bermuda, the eel eggs hatch into wriggling pea-sized larvae that have the appearance of a see-through leaf.
'Over the next couple of years, these opaque creatures drift along with the Gulf Stream, their bodies elongating as they enter the next life stage as a 'glass eel'.
'Upon reaching the English coastline, they use the force of the tides – and their new-found body shape at around 8cm in length – to push themselves upstream to make a home in rivers, including the Rother and Ems.
'Once in rivers, they go through more life cycles, growing up to one metre in length and living for up to 20 years, gorging on fish, molluscs and crustaceans.
'The end of their lives sees a fantastic finale. Entering the 'silver eel' stage, their pectoral fins widen, muscle mass increases, their digestive tracts shut down and their eyes grow up to 10 times their original size, all to help see them through one final swim.
Once in rivers, European eels live for up to 20 years (Chris Wallis/Western Sussex Rivers Trust/PA)
'Fighting their way back against strong currents, silver eels head 4,000 miles back across the Atlantic to the Sargasso Sea to spawn.'
Aimee Felus, chief executive of the Western Sussex Rivers Trust, said: 'The health of our rivers here in the South East is crucial to the quality of our coastal waters, and vital to the health of the many creatures who call these fresh and salt waters home.
'Through our River Guardian monitoring project we are pushing for higher water quality improvements, quicker identification of pollution incidents and raising awareness of how all communities can get involved to help protect their local rivers.
'By removing man-made structures which limit how easily fish species, including the extraordinary eel, can move around, we are helping improve migration routes and their ability to reach better feeding spots.
'With pollution, sewage and drought all playing a part in the diminishing water quality of our rivers and streams, it's more important than ever that we work together to help protect and enhance these precious habitats for wildlife and humans alike.'
Jan Knowlson, biodiversity officer for the South Downs National Park, said: 'The eels we have in the national park are truly remarkable and their incredible migration underlines the important connection between our rivers and seas.
'There's a continuum and all these watercourses are joined up. So healthier rivers ultimately mean healthier seas and vice versa.
'Here at the South Downs National Park, we have eight large river systems, dozens of chalk streams and a sizeable coastline and know that having well-managed, cleaner waterways are absolutely paramount to nature bouncing back across this vast region.'
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SERVES 2-4 650g boneless, skinless chicken thighs, cut into bite-sized pieces olive oil flatbreads, to serve For the marinade 1 large onion, halved and thinly sliced into half-moons 3 garlic cloves, minced 2 good pinches of saffron threads, ground to a powder using a pestle and mortar, then steeped in 2-3 tbsp boiling water 1 tbsp dried wild oregano 2 tsp ground turmeric 1 heaped tsp pul biber (Turkish chilli flakes) 1 tbsp caster sugar finely grated zest and juice of 2 unwaxed limes 150g thick Greek yogurt sea salt flakes and freshly ground black pepper 1 For the marinade, put the onion and garlic in a mixing bowl, season very generously with salt and pepper and stir. Add the remaining marinade ingredients and mix well. Add the chicken pieces and a generous drizzle of olive oil then mix well again. Cover the bowl with clingfilm and leave the chicken to marinate in the refrigerator for at least 60 minutes, or overnight if you have time. 2 When the dish is ready to cook, preheat your oven to its highest setting. Line a baking tray with baking paper and place the chicken on it. (If you have metal or wooden skewers you can thread the chicken pieces onto them and place them on the lined tray.) Drizzle the chicken with a little olive oil, then cook for 18-20 minutes until nicely browned and cooked through. Serve with the flatbreads. CARROT CHIPS WITH ZA'ATAR YOGURT I love veggie chips – and carrot chips are among my favourite kind. This is a dish in itself, and the flavour combination makes it so incredibly moreish. Quite frankly, I could easily eat the lot in no time at all, so how many servings the recipe makes depends on how hungry you are in the moment. The yogurt also works well with shop-bought vegetable crisps, raw carrot sticks and other crudités. 1kg carrots, peeled olive oil, for drizzling sea salt flakes and freshly ground black pepper For the za'atar yogurt 250g thick Greek yogurt 1 heaped tbsp za'atar, plus extra to serve finely grated zest of 1 and juice of ½ an unwaxed lemon 1 tsp garlic granules 1 Preheat the oven to 180C/160C fan/gas 4. Line your largest baking tray with baking paper. 2 To prepare the carrots, trim the root end of each with a diagonal cut, then use a Y-shaped peeler to shave each carrot into long slices, or use a sharp knife to thinly slice them as best you can. Place the slices on a clean tea towel and dry off as much of the moisture as possible. 3 Spread the carrot slices out on the lined tray, drizzle with some olive oil (but not too much) and bake for 25-30 minutes until crispy – check after 22 minutes to ensure they are not burning, as every oven varies. Remove from the oven, season generously with salt and leave to cool. 4 Mix all the yogurt ingredients together in a bowl and season generously with salt and pepper. Spread onto a platter or plate, finish with a drizzle of olive oil and a little za'atar, then top with the carrot chips and serve. PINEAPPLE, SPICED CARAMEL & THYME TARTE TATIN Tarte tatin has to be one of my favourite desserts of all time. Apples aren't the only fruit that deliver great results – pineapple is also fantastic and marries well with my love of spice. This is delicious served warm with whipped cream, custard or ice cream. SERVES 6 plain flour, for dusting 500g block of puff pastry 150g caster sugar ½ tsp ground cinnamon ½ tsp freshly ground black pepper leaves from 4 sprigs of thyme 500g fresh pineapple (avoid canned), thinly sliced 25g unsalted butter, cut into small pieces 1 Preheat the oven to 200C/ 180C fan/gas mark 6. 2 Select a large ovenproof frying pan for your tarte tatin. Dust a clean work surface with a little flour and roll the puff pastry out into a circle slightly larger than your pan. 3 Put the pan over a medium heat, scatter the sugar evenly over the base and sprinkle the cinnamon, pepper and thyme leaves evenly over the top. Once the pan heats up, swirl the sugar around in the pan (don't stir) until it has dissolved and turns a deep caramel colour. Arrange the pineapple slices nicely in the pan (this will be the top of your tart), then add the butter around the pineapple, turn the heat up a little and cook for a few minutes until the pineapple starts to caramelise on all sides, shaking the pan occasionally to prevent the pineapple from sticking. 4 Remove the pan from the heat and place your pastry circle on top, tucking the edges carefully all round the inside of the pan, being careful not to burn your fingers on the hot caramel. 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SERVES 6 1 large aubergine, quartered lengthways and cut into chunks 1cm thick 1 large or 2 small courgettes, quartered lengthways and cut into chunks 1cm thick 1 red pepper, cored, deseeded and cut into strips 1cm wide, then diced 1 yellow pepper, cored, deseeded and diced into 1cm cubes 1 tbsp dried wild oregano olive oil 1 large onion, finely chopped 6 fat garlic cloves, finely chopped 2 tsp cumin seeds 2 tsp ground turmeric 4 tbsp tomato purée 300g basmati rice 50g butter, cut into small cubes 450ml cold water Maldon sea salt flakes and freshly ground black pepper 1 Preheat the oven to 200C/180C fan/gas 6. Line a large baking tray with baking paper. 2 Place the aubergine, courgette and peppers on the lined tray. Add the oregano and a generous amount of salt and pepper and drizzle very generously with olive oil, then using your hands, mix to coat evenly. Spread the vegetables out on the tray and roast for 30 minutes, then remove from the oven and set aside. 3 Place a large saucepan over a medium-high heat (medium if using a gas hob) and drizzle in enough olive oil to coat the base of the pan. Add the onion and garlic and cook until translucent. Add the cumin seeds, turmeric and tomato purée and cook, stirring, for a couple of minutes. If the ingredients start to stick, add a little water. Next, add the rice, butter and a very generous amount of salt and pepper, then stir until the butter melts and coats the rice. Pour in the cold water and stir well, then cover the pan with a lid and cook over a gentle heat (low if using a gas hob) without stirring for 30 minutes. 4 Fluff the rice with a fork, carefully fold in the roasted vegetables and warm them through for a couple of minutes, then serve. PRAWNS WITH COCONUT TURMERIC SAUCE Prawns and seafood in general would be part of my dream feast. Nothing makes me happier than chargrilled seafood with lots of different sauces, from sweet to spicy. I've spent a lot of time in Thailand and Southeast Asia and always feel so inspired when I return home, and this is one of those recipes that I've been making for a few years now as a result. SERVES 3-4 50g desiccated coconut olive oil 3 garlic cloves, very finely chopped 1 tbsp ginger purée 3 fingers of fresh turmeric, scrubbed and finely grated 1 tbsp caster sugar squeeze of lime juice, plus lime wedges to serve 250ml coconut cream 8-12 raw king prawns, about 80g each, peeled with tails left on handful of fresh coriander, roughly chopped Maldon sea salt flakes and freshly ground black pepper 1 Preheat the oven to 220°C, 200°C fan, gas mark 7. Line a baking tray with baking paper. 2 Spread the coconut out on the lined tray and toast in the oven for 7-8 minutes until golden. Remove from the oven and set aside. 3 Place a saucepan over a medium heat, drizzle in some olive oil and fry the garlic, ginger and turmeric together for a few minutes until the garlic begins to colour around the edges. Add the sugar, lime juice, coconut cream and a good amount of salt and pepper and mix well. Simmer gently for 8 minutes, then remove from the heat. 4 Heat a griddle pan or frying pan over a high heat. Rub the prawns all over with olive oil and season with a little salt and pepper, then add to the hot pan and cook for a couple of minutes on each side until firm, fully opaque and cooked through. 5 Quickly reheat the sauce and stir in half the toasted coconut. 6 Place the prawns on a serving plate, drizzle with the sauce and sprinkle with the rest of the toasted coconut, then finish with the chopped coriander and serve with lime wedges. NOW BUY THE BOOK Our recipes are taken from Persiana Easy by Sabrina Ghayour, with photographs by Kris Kirkham (Mitchell Beazley, £28, published on 14 August). To pre-order a copy for £23.80, go to or call 020 3176 2937. Free UK delivery on orders over £25.
