A Word, Please: 5 language resolutions for the new year
Even if you know a lot about grammar, there's always more to learn. And what better time than the start of a new year? Here are some language resolutions to consider for 2025.
1. Challenge a long-standing language belief by checking a dictionary.
Unless you have a Ph.D. in linguistics, chances are you've fallen victim to some misperceptions. Think 'since' can't mean 'because'? Think 'between' is never for groups of three or more? Think a university can't 'graduate' a student? A quick check of a dictionary will dispel all these beliefs.
2. Learn one new grammar term.
Up your grammar game with a bit of advanced jargon. I suggest 'modal auxiliary verb.' You use them every day, anyway, so why not? The most common modal auxiliary verbs are 'must,' 'can,' 'should,' 'would,' 'may' and 'might.' They're similar to the two regular auxiliary verbs — 'be' and 'have' — in that they team up with other verbs (think: 'I have walked' and 'I am walking'). But modal auxiliaries express possibility (may, might), necessity (must), permission (may), ability (can), etc. Congratulations. You just learned a new grammar term. Did you already know about modals? Try looking up predicate nominatives, copular verbs or subordinating conjunctions.
3. Learn to conjugate one verb in a new language.
I've talked to a lot of people over the years who've tried and failed to pick up a foreign language. When I ask how they studied, the answer is often some app or language software marketed to adults with the promise of 'easy, practical' learning. That is, handy phrases that go in one ear and out the other. In my humble opinion, there's a better way: grammar. At least in the Latin-based languages I've studied, if you can't say 'I am,' 'you are,' 'he/she/it is,' 'we are' and 'they are,' you don't have a foundation to build on. Start with just one verb and you'll be well on your way to forming your first sentences.
4. Learn an irregular past form.
Not sure if it's right to say, 'I have swam' or 'I have swum'? Do 'drank' and 'drunk' or 'hanged' and 'hung' or 'woke,' 'awoke' and 'awakened' trip you up? Resolve to learn just one. Check the main form of the word — 'swim,' 'drink,' 'hang,' 'wake' — in a dictionary, then look at the bolded forms that immediately follow. Under 'drink,' for example, you'll see 'drank,' which you know is the simple past tense because those are always listed first, after which you'll see the past participles indicated with 'drunk or drank,' meaning both are acceptable with the auxiliary 'have': I have drank and I have drunk. If that's not advanced enough for you, memorize the past forms of both 'lie' and 'lay.' For the most proper use of 'lie,' the simple past is 'lay' (yesterday I lay), and the past participle is 'lain' (in the past I have lain). For 'lay,' both past forms are the same (yesterday I laid, in the past I have laid).
5. Use 'me' in a compound object.
You'd never say, 'Thanks for visiting I' or 'Send the memo to I,' so why do you say, 'Thanks for visiting Beth and I' and 'Send the memo to Tom and I'? Somewhere along the line, too many of us got it into our heads that 'me' is wrong anytime another person is involved. But that's not true. The object of a verb (like 'visit') or a preposition (like 'to') doesn't change form just because it's more than one person: Try dropping the other person from your sentence to see whether 'I' or 'me' works alone. Then add the other person back in. Between you and me (not I), it's not exactly wrong to use 'I' in an object position. But it's a shame if you do so because you were trying (and failing) to use proper English.
June Casagrande is the author of 'The Joy of Syntax: A Simple Guide to All the Grammar You Know You Should Know.' She can be reached at JuneTCN@aol.com.
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