Ottawa's plan for climate change adaptation is falling short, report says
OTTAWA — Ottawa's efforts to prepare the country for the impacts of climate change have stumbled out of the gate, Canada's environment commissioner said Tuesday.
In a new report, Jerry DeMarco concluded the National Adaptation Strategy was not effectively designed, did not prioritize Canada's climate change risks and only established one of three components since its release in 2023.
Canada has committed $1.6 billion so far to implement the strategy, which is meant as a road map for adaptation measures for climate impacts. Environment and Climate Change Canada has estimated that every dollar spent on proactive adaptation measures can save taxpayers between $13 and $15 in the long term.
Canada was relatively late to the game when it released its strategy in 2023. Japan, France and the United Kingdom were already on the third updates of their plans at that point; Germany had updated its plan four times.
'We first recommended the development of a strategy to adapt to Canada's changing climate nearly 20 years ago,' DeMarco said in a news release.
'Although the release of the National Adaptation Strategy in 2023 was an important first step, urgent attention is still needed to achieve impactful action. The sooner that Canada acts, the more sustainable the outcomes for people's health, safety and livelihoods.'
DeMarco said the strategy failed to prioritize Canada's climate change risks when establishing objectives and targets. He said government departments relied instead on existing priorities and consultations.
'We also found that although some climate change risks were identified during the consultation process for the strategy, they were not addressed in the final targets,' the report said.
DeMarco cited the short-term health impacts of wildfire smoke, estimated to cost between $410 million and $1.8 billion annually between 2013 and 2018. He also remarked on the prevalence of Lyme disease cases, rising from 144 in 2009 to 2,525 in 2022 -- an increase of more than 1,500 per cent.
'Environment and Climate Change Canada told us that it will not add any new targets until 2030. Without any dedicated targets to address these risks within the National Adaptation Strategy, the federal government had failed to highlight the need for immediate wholeΓÇæofΓÇæsociety action to address them,' the report said.
Environment and Climate Change Canada also didn't develop 'a process to keep climate change risks up to date and integrate them into future updates of the strategy,' the report said.
DeMarco said federal programs meant to advance implementation of the National Adaptation Strategy contributed little.
Ottawa must report annually on 17 programs that are key to advancing the strategy's implementation. DeMarco examined seven of them that account for $1.1 billion of the money earmarked for the strategy.
But while some of the programs had goals and targets, there was no way to know whether they were actually helping to implement the National Adaptation Strategy, DeMarco said.
DeMarco also found the government has not yet finalized two of the three key pillars in the strategy.
He pointed out that an Indigenous climate leadership agenda still hasn't been established -- it was supposed to be done by the end of 2024 -- and the completion of federal, provincial and territorial bilateral action plans has been pushed to 2026. Only the federal government's adaptation action plan has been finalized.
'Additionally, although First Nations, Inuit, and Metis organizations had each released national climate strategies, we found that Environment and Climate Change Canada had not formally assessed the coherence between federal programming and Indigenous-led strategies,' the report said.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published June 10, 2025.
Nick Murray, The Canadian Press
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