
Drewry WCI inches up, container freight rates jump 59% in 4 weeks
Freight rates from Shanghai to New York rose by 2 per cent to $7,285 per 40ft container over the past week and by 67 per cent since May 15. Meanwhile, spot rates to Los Angeles increased by 1 per cent over the week and by 89 per cent over the past four weeks. Prices on the Transpacific eastbound route changed marginally amid a fresh injection of capacity.
Drewry WCI rose 0.45 per cent to $3,543 per FEU on June 12, marking a 59 per cent increase in four weeks. Transpacific rates surged as US-bound traffic resumed following President Trump's pause on import tariffs. Rates to New York and Los Angeles rose sharply, while those to Europe remained stable. However, Drewry forecasts a rate decline in H2 2025 amid uncertain tariff policies and capacity shifts.
Freight rates from Shanghai to Rotterdam and Genoa remained stable during the past week, at $2,837 and $4,054 per 40ft container, respectively.
The recent sharp, short-term strengthening in the global container shipping supply-demand balance has reversed the declining rate trend that began in January.
However, Drewry's Container Forecaster predicts the supply-demand balance will weaken again in the second half of 2025, likely leading to a decline in spot rates. The volatility and timing of rate changes will depend on the outcome of legal challenges to Trump's tariffs and on capacity adjustments linked to the introduction of US penalties on Chinese ships—both of which remain uncertain.
Fibre2Fashion News Desk (KUL)
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Hans India
12 minutes ago
- Hans India
Trump extends tariff moratorium on China till November as negotiations continue
New York: US President Donald Trump has extended the tariff moratorium for China that was to expire on Tuesday to November 10 as the two countries continue to negotiate. Trump said on Truth Social on Monday, hours before it was to expire, 'I have just signed an Executive Order that will extend the Tariff Suspension on China for another 90 days'. The US will continue to maintain the tariff rate of 30 per cent, and China will keep it at 10 per cent during this period. Earlier, Trump told reporters, 'We've been dealing very nicely with China'. 'The relationship is very good with President Xi (Jinping) and myself', he added. US and Chinese trade officials met in Sweden last month for a third round of direct talks, but didn't hammer out a deal satisfactory for Trump. While the trade war between the two countries was at its height in April, Trump imposed a 145 per cent tariff on China, and Beijing reciprocated with a 125 per cent tariff and a ban on the export of rare earths vital to US manufacturing in several areas. But next month, they agreed to a 90-day truce and reduced their tariffs, while China resumed some rare earth exports. Although Trump has threatened India with a 25 per cent tariff for buying Russian oil, so far, he has not made a similar threat against Beijing. Vice President JD Vance told Fox News that a similar penalty was 'on the table,' but Trump had not made a decision. Trump's deadline for imposing tariffs on all Russian energy buyers if Moscow did not make peace with Ukraine also passed off with no action as he prepared for a summit with Russia's President Vladimir Putin on Friday to discuss a solution to the Ukraine War. Trump has been grappling with how to reduce the goods trade deficit with China, which was $295 billion last year, according to the US Trade Representative. He suggested on Sunday that China increase its purchase of US soybeans fourfold. While China has a grip on the US with its near-monopoly on some rare earths, the US has advanced semiconductors that Beijing craves. Trump, who restricted the selling of advanced chips to China by companies like Nvidia, has offered to let them sell some versions of the semiconductors to Beijing under an unusual arrangement in which they would pay the US government 15 per cent of their profits from the sales.


Indian Express
12 minutes ago
- Indian Express
UPSC Mains 2025: Smart use of these 25 keywords will give you an edge in GS answers and essays
There is a crucial element that often differentiates a good answer from an average answer — impressive presentation of the answer with smart use of apt vocabulary. Right words acts as a bridge to the gap between mere content and an impactful answer. In this last week leading to the UPSC Mains 2025, the skill of answer writing matters as much as the content. As the 'Liberation Day' tariff announced by Donald Trump made headlines, political scientists increasingly referred to an ancient Greek concept called Thucydides' trap. This concept describes the heightened likelihood of conflict when a rising power threatens to displace an established hegemon. What do you think? Are China and the USA moving in that direction? How will this impact India? You can include it in your answer while discussing the ongoing tariff tussle between the USA and several countries. Stressing India's first as our foreign policy, the Prime Minister has emphasised that India's current approach focuses on an 'Equi-Closeness' policy–being equally close to all, unlike the policy of maintaining equal distance from all nations. This is used while asserting India's strategic autonomy while maintaining its emerging role as a key player in geopolitics. Do not forget to use this in your answers on IR topics. It adds conceptual sharpness to your response. How is India navigating the complexity of geopolitics in a multipolar world? In recent times, while navigating the complex web of overlapping interests and transactional alliances, India's foreign policy has relied on a 'Multipolar Manoeuvre Matrix'. From hosting the Quad summit to participating in the BRICS summit and forming the IMEC, India is charting its course well, and you should do the same with your answers. As Narayana Murthy, the founder of Infosys, has advocated for a 70-hour workweek, work-life balance has become the centre stage of discussions. First came quiet quitting, the subtle act of doing only what is required at work without going above and beyond. It was seen as a boundary-setting mechanism, a way for employees to reclaim work-life balance in a culture that often glorifies burnout. However, a new term, quiet cracking, is gaining attention. Unlike quiet quitting, which is an intentional choice, quiet cracking stems from emotional stress. It refers to employees who silently begin to unravel due to toxic leadership, unmanageable expectations, or a lack of purpose at work. Therefore, from quiet quitting to quit cracking, you can show the challenges of the current work culture faced by the youth to highlight your point. As online video consumption has skyrocketed, a term that has been making buzz is the Oxford University Press (OUP)'s 2024 'Word of the Year' — brain rot. It is 'the supposed deterioration of a person's mental or intellectual state, especially viewed as the result of overconsumption of material (now particularly online content) considered to be trivial or unchallenging.' Since UPSC has asked a question on the impact of socialisation of children with the replacement of child cuddling with mobile phones (2023, GS 1). This is not just a buzzword — mentioning it shows an up-to-date grasp of prevailing trends and discussions. You are aware of cyberbullying and trolling. Last year, UP Class 10 Board examination topper Prachi Nigam faced relentless trolling over her facial hair. These trolling and bullying incidents are not isolated cases. On a daily basis, teenagers and celebrities face abuse from faceless people. This is explained through the online disinhibition effect, which allows the user to freely express themselves without any restraint that they would generally not do in face-to-face interactions. Using this term underlines your awareness of current trends and the evolving discourse. During Prime Minister Modi's official visit to the White House in February 2025 after Donald Trump's re-election, Modi outlined his vision for 'Make India Great Again' (MIGA), drawing inspiration from President Donald Trump's 'Make America Great Again' (MAGA) slogan. He said, 'In India, we are working with determination toward a Viksit Bharat, which in American terms, is MIGA – Make India Great Again. Together, MAGA and MIGA create a MEGA partnership for prosperity.' These key terms can also be used to emphasise the significance of these two large economies in light of ongoing trade talks. You know about India's vision of Vikshit Bharat. While addressing the diaspora in New York last year, PM Modi presented a vision of India's future through PUSHP. P stands for Progressive Bharat, U for Unstoppable Bharat, S for Spiritual Bharat, H for Humanity First Bharat, and P for Prosperous Bharat. Do not forget to write PUSHP when advocating for Vikshit Bharat. The increased use of chemical fertilisers in the agricultural sector has been a major issue for the Indian government. To promote the balanced use of fertilisers and reduce the burden of subsidies, the government launched the PM Program for Restoration, Awareness, Nourishment, and Amelioration of Mother Earth (PM PRANAM) scheme in 2023. The agriculture sector is one of the favourite areas of UPSC, and this scheme should be included in your answer. Providing good governance is what has been the aim of the bureaucratic setup of our country. Recently, the Gujarat Administrative Reforms Commission (GARC) submitted a report in March this year, suggesting that the government adopt Kaizen, a Japanese method for continuous improvement. What is the approach of this philosophy? It focuses on creating small but continuous and consistent improvements by involving employees and officials at all levels of the organisation. It provides '5S' for establishing ideal work conditions: 'seiri' (sort), 'seiton' (straighten), 'seiso' (scrub), 'seiketsu' (standardize), and 'shitsuke' (sustain). Each term represents a step in the workplace organisation approach. Including this in your answer will give more value to the answer and can help differentiate it from others. Urban waste management is no small headache— it is a major challenge for today's fast-paced economy. If you have done PYQ analysis, you will notice that UPSC often throws questions that have been the hot topic. So, when urbanisation is coming with its own set of woes, the government is not sitting idle; they are part of C3, that is, the Cities Coalition for Circulation, and adopting the Jaipur declaration. Therefore, when writing about urban problems, drop the acronym 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) as the solution to urban management. Organising the global textile event, Bharat Tex 2025, the focus has been on the textile sector to lead the path of Atmanirbhar Bharat. So, when you are writing about sectors that can lead the path for a Vikshit Bharat, do not forget to bring in the 5F – Farm to Fibre to Factory to Fashion to Foreign– vision as envisioned by the PM to position India on the Global textile map. Use this term strategically to improve the structure and content of your answer. It just celebrated its 10th birthday– making it a crucial topic for your GS and Essay papers. It is a beacon of hope for millions of women in India to live up to the saying of 'Yatra naryastu pujyante, ramante tatra devata', which means, 'Where women are honored, divinity resides.' So, when you want to quote a Samarthya (Empowered) woman, don't forget to use BBBP. The World Bank report 'Women, Business, and the Law 2024' found that globally, women earn just 77 cents for every dollar paid to men. You may know about the glass ceiling, but do you know about the sticky floor effect? The sticky floor effect refers to discriminatory patterns that prevent women's careers from moving forward when they start out in their careers (thus, stuck on the career floor). In this study, gender wage gaps are higher among lower-earning workers and steadily decline towards the higher end of the wage distribution. Therefore, when writing about the challenges faced by women, along with the glass ceiling, do not forget to mention the 'sticky floor' effect, which is much relatable to India. According to the Time Use Survey, the gap between the minutes spent by females and males in a day is the sharpest for unpaid domestic work, followed by unpaid caregiving services for household members. What does this reveal about the state of the care economy in India? In this case, you can use the 5R framework provided by the International Labour Organisation to demonstrate your in-depth knowledge and clarity. The 5R framework focuses on recognising, reducing, redistributing, rewarding, and representing care work. Want to read more about balancing care and monetised economies for India's growth? Read here. After the Justice Verma Cash row, judicial reform has been a talking point from public platforms to Parliament. One such reform that has been in focus for a long time is the uncle-judge syndrome. The Law Commission, in its 230th Report, suggested doing away with the uncle-judge syndrome. The Commission has said that judges should not be posted in the same High Court where they have practised to eliminate the uncle-judge syndrome. So, when it comes to judicial reform, do mention getting rid of the uncle-judge syndrome. In 2017, while launching a digital system developed to help the Supreme Court go paperless, Modi said that if the country had to adapt to new technologies and stay ahead of the curve, it would have to follow the equation 'IT+IT = IT', or Information Technology and Indian talent equals 'India Tomorrow'. While writing India's digital mission, do not forget to mention this equation. Antyodaya — uplifting people at the bottom of the pyramid— has been the guiding philosophy of the government. Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw, highlighting the 11 years of inclusive growth of the current government, wrote that the vision of Antyodaya is based on four simple yet powerful pillars. This includes building infrastructure that connects, inclusive growth, job-creating manufacturing that creates jobs, and empowering simplified systems. Questions on 'Inclusive growth' have frequently appeared in UPSC Mains, so whenever writing about it, be certain to point out the vision of the government — antyodaya. Reserve Bank Governor Sanjay Malhotra, while slashing the repo rate in June 2025, said that the Indian economy offers immense opportunities to investors, both domestic and foreign, through three Ds – demographic, digitisation, and domestic demand. In September 2014, while addressing the Indian diaspora at Madison Square Garden in New York City, Modi singled out 'three Ds' — 'democracy, demographic dividend, and demand' — as the three unique strengths of India that will take it to new heights. Conclude your economy-related answer with a vision-oriented note, highlighting the three D's as drivers of growth. According to the NITI Aayog, 'Mobility has the potential to drive the economy forward and positively impact the lives of citizens, both in urban and rural areas.' The Prime Minister outlined a vision for the future of mobility in India based on the 7 C's: Common, Connected, Convenient, Congestion-free, Charged, Clean, and Cutting-edge mobility. This is important in light of India's commitment to climate change and increased emphasis on the use of Electric Vehicles (EVs). This was also mentioned during PM Modi's address at the inauguration of the Bharat Mobility Global Expo 2025. When writing about the government's measures in the mobility sector or push for clean energy, remember to highlight the Seven Cs to provide a more holistic and structured answer. Nuclear energy, as a solution to climate change and a potentially destructive weapon, presents a duality. Nuclear deterrence, that is, the possibility of using a nuclear weapon by a country to deter an enemy, has been highlighted in recent conflicts around the world. In this regard, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty is important for your exam. Since India is not a member of the NPT, do not forget to mention what the current arrangement of the NPT is called by many — 'nuclear apartheid'. For a sharper and more impactful Mains answer, include this term in the right context. The Swachh Bharat Mission, which completed 10 years since its launch, is an example of effective utilisation of nudge theory. Campaigns like 'seeti bajao', 'Darwaza Band', and 'Har Din Do Bin' encouraged behavioural change in sanitation and hygiene. Use this keyword to spin your narrative to emphasise the significance of behaviour change in various sectors. You are aware of China's strategy of the 'String of Pearls', but do you know that India has its own counterstrategy for the same? India's counterstrategy is the 'Necklace of Diamonds', which involves strategic partnerships with regional littorals, investments in port infrastructure, and presence through naval diplomacy. When showcasing India's shift in maritime security from SAGAR to MAHASAGAR, be sure to mention this strategy to elevate the quality of your mains answer. The Triple A approach through the Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA), Anganwadi Worker (AWW), and Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) is a strategy for integrated child and maternal healthcare in India. These are the first-line public health service providers in rural Indian communities. The AAA approach is worth adding to writing answers related to health, women and children. At COP26 in Glasgow, India presented the five nectar elements (Panchamrit) of India's climate action. It include reaching 500GW of non-fossil energy capacity by 2030, 50 per cent of its energy requirements from renewable energy by 2030, reduction of total projected carbon emissions by one billion tonnes from now to 2030, reduction of the carbon intensity of the economy by 45 per cent by 2030, over 2005 levels, and achieving the target of net zero emissions by 2070. As climate change holds high relevance for UPSC Mains, add these five ingredients to make the panchamrit — Indian climate action to climate change. For any queries and feedback, contact Subscribe to our UPSC newsletter. Stay updated with the latest UPSC articles by joining our Telegram channel – Indian Express UPSC Hub, and follow us on Instagram and X. 🚨 Click Here to read the UPSC Essentials magazine for July 2025. Share your views and suggestions in the comment box or at Khushboo Kumari is a Deputy Copy Editor with The Indian Express. She has done her graduation and post-graduation in History from the University of Delhi. At The Indian Express, she writes for the UPSC section. She holds experience in UPSC-related content development. You can contact her via email: ... Read More

The Hindu
12 minutes ago
- The Hindu
Accumulating bitcoin a risky digital rush by companies?
U.S. President Donald Trump's media group and Tesla, the electric carmaker owned by tech billionaire Elon Musk, are among an increasing number of companies buying huge amounts of bitcoin. The aim? To diversify reserves, counter inflation and attract investors, analysts say. Who also invests? Companies frequently own bitcoin, the largest cryptocurrency by market capitalisation, to take part in sector activities such as "mining", which refers to the process of validating transactions in exchange for digital tokens. Tesla has previously accepted payments in bitcoin, while Trump Media soon plans to offer crypto investment products. Other players who had core operations totally unrelated to cryptocurrency, such as Japanese hotel business MetaPlanet, have switched to buying bitcoin. US firm Strategy, initially a seller of software under the name MicroStrategy, holds more than three percent of all bitcoin tokens, or over 600,000. Its co-founder Michael Saylor "created real value for its original set of investors" by offering the opportunity to invest in shares linked to cryptocurrencies, Andy Constan, chief executive of financial analysts Damped Spring Advisors, told AFP. This was five years ago when other financial products allowing investment in cryptocurrencies, without a need to directly own tokens, were not permitted. Why invest? Companies collect bitcoins "to diversify" their cash flow and "counter the effects of inflation", said Eric Benoist, a tech and data research expert for Natixis bank. Some struggling companies are riding the trend in a bid to "restore their image" by "backing themselves with an asset perceived as solid and one that appreciates over time", he added. Strategy's current focus is on accumulating bitcoin, simply to attract investors interested in the currency's potential. Bitcoin can also have a simple practical use, as in the case of the Coinbase exchange, which uses its own reserves as collateral for its users. The risks? Bitcoin's value has soared around ninefold in five years, fuelled recently by US regulatory changes under Trump, a strong backer of the crypto sector. However, the unit's volatility is four times greater than that of the main US stock index, the S&P 500, according to Campbell Harvey, a professor of finance at Duke University in the United States. Harvey warns against using a company's cash reserves, "their safe haven", to buy crypto. Bitcoin's price, currently around $117,000, has in recent years been boosted by large holders of cryptocurrency, referred to as "whales". Harvey argues that in the case of "major buyer" Strategy, liquidating all their 600,000 bitcoin tokens is no simple task owing to the high value. "Assuming that you could liquidate all of those bitcoin at the market price is a heroic assumption," he told AFP, adding such a deal would see the cryptocurrency's price plummet. A bubble? According to its own calculation, Strategy's stock is selling at about 70% above the value of its bitcoin reserves. The company, which did not answer AFP's request for comment, is growing thanks to bitcoin purchases, which in turn is attracting investors and pushing up its share price. But ultimately it will need to monetise these crypto assets, for example by linking them to financial products, for its business to be sustained. Should Strategy and other so-called "bitcoin treasury funds" fail to do so, Benoist fears the crypto investment bubble will burst. He points out that the strategy of accumulation runs counter to the original philosophy of bitcoin, which was conceived in 2008 as a decentralised means of payment. Today, "bitcoins end up in electronic safes that are left untouched", he said.