From UP's Barabanki To Tehran: The Indian Roots Of Iran's Supreme Leader Khamenei
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What is lesser known -- even in Iran -- is that both Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his successor, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, share ancestral ties with India
Long before Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini stormed Iran's political stage, his roots could be traced back all the way to a small village in the Barabanki district of Uttar Pradesh. Born around 1790 in Kintoor's Siroli Gauspur tehsil, Syed Ahmad Musavi Hindi — Khomeini's grandfather — sowed the seeds of a legacy that would one day reverberate across continents.
As global attention fixes on the Iran-Israel conflict, this unexpected tale of a scholar born in Uttar Pradesh has resurfaced. 'They never returned, but their legacy did not leave this soil," said an elderly man in Kintoor, the unassuming village that once birthed a family destined to shape Iran's history.
What is lesser known — even in Iran — is that both Khomeini and his successor, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, share ancestral ties with India. Their lineage leads directly to Kintoor, a village in north India's Gangetic plains, steeped in Shia Islamic learning. As geopolitical tensions escalate in West Asia, this forgotten bond between Iran's revolutionary elite and rural Barabanki is drawing fresh attention.
A LOST CHAPTER OF HISTORY
Syed Ahmad Musavi was born into a prominent family of Shia scholars in Kintoor. In 1830, at the age of 40, he embarked on a religious pilgrimage alongside the Nawab of Awadh. Their journey took them through the revered Islamic cities of Najaf and Karbala in Iraq and, ultimately, to Khomein in Iran, where Musavi chose to settle permanently.
Even after resettling, he remained fiercely proud of his Indian roots. In Iran, he appended 'Hindi" to his name — a nod to his homeland. 'He added 'Hindi' to his name to keep Hindustan alive in his identity," said Syed Adil Kazmi, a descendant of the Musavi family still living in Kintoor. 'He was proud of being from India, and even his poetry reflected that sentiment."
Musavi was not just a religious scholar but also a man of letters. 'He was deeply influenced by both Indian and Persian literary traditions," said Shabbir Ali, a retired madrasa teacher who has preserved oral histories of the family. 'Even in Iran, he made sure his children knew of their Indian past."
Local residents still point to the remnants of 'Syed Wada', the Musavi family's ancestral residence in Kintoor. The once expansive structure has withered over time, but people still regard it as a sacred marker.
'It's hard to pinpoint the exact location now, but this is where it all began," said Adil, who claimed to be the eighth generation of Syed Ahmad Musavi Hindi.
Syed Wada, the house, though decayed bears witness to a transcontinental journey that helped forge the Islamic Republic of Iran. 'Visitors from Lucknow and even farther come here just to see this place," said Sajjad Rizvi, another local resident. 'They're amazed that such a towering global figure traces his roots to our village."
A POLITICAL AND EMOTIONAL BOND
For many in Kintoor, the link to Iran isn't just a matter of history — it's an emotional and even political connection. With tensions running high in the Middle East, many villagers openly express solidarity with Iran.
'We are Indians, but our sentiments are with Iran. That's the land where our bloodline now walks. The West and Israel are shedding innocent blood. We stand against injustice," said Imran Naqvi, a local youth.
THE MAKING OF A SUPREME LEADER
The legacy of Syed Ahmad Musavi lived on in his grandson, Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini, born in 1902 in the Iranian city of Khomein. Orphaned early in life, he was raised by his mother and elder brother and grew into a scholar of Islamic law, mysticism, and philosophy. He read widely, including the works of western thinkers — an intellectual breadth that would later shape his revolutionary worldview.
In 1979, Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini led the Islamic Revolution that deposed Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, ending Iran's monarchy and establishing a theocratic republic. He became its first Supreme Leader, wielding unmatched political and religious authority.
Despite holding the highest office, Khomeini led a life of simplicity. His modest, single-storey house in Tehran remains a symbol of his personal austerity. Even when the house was gifted to him, Khomeini insisted on paying 1,000 riyals — an emblematic gesture of principled leadership.
'Supporters offered to decorate it, but he refused public money," read an entry in Iranian archives.
KHAMEINI CARRIES THE TORCH
After Khomeini's death in 1989, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei took over as Supreme Leader. Today, he guides Iran through another major crisis as it exchanges missile fire with Israel. In recent addresses, Khamenei has vowed not to yield to western or Israeli pressure, continuing the ideological line drawn by his predecessor.
Iran's nuclear programme has again become a focal point of global anxiety, with uranium enrichment reportedly reaching 60 per cent — dangerously close to weapons-grade levels. While Israel sees this as an existential threat, Iran insists its nuclear ambitions are purely peaceful.
FORGOTTEN NO MORE
Back in Kintoor, Syed Ahmad Musavi's legacy is no longer confined to fading memories and old courtyards. Despite struggling with rural challenges like patchy electricity and poor infrastructure, the village now holds a unique place in world history — as the ancestral home of Iran's two most powerful spiritual and political leaders.
'This story must be documented more seriously," said Dr Shoaib Akhtar, a historian at Lucknow University. 'Not just as a cultural curiosity, but as a powerful reminder of how histories and destinies can intertwine across borders."
As the world watches Iran's next move on the geopolitical chessboard, few may realise that part of its spiritual compass was once set among neem trees and ancient mosques in Barabanki. And here, in the soil of Kintoor, still echoes the name of a man who proudly signed off as 'Ahmad Musavi Hindi'.
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tags :
Ayatollah Ali Khamenei
Location :
Lucknow, India, India
First Published:
June 20, 2025, 07:00 IST
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Nationwide, they have filed over 65 lawsuits, of which they have secured temporary relief in 35. In Georgia, for instance, 133 students had their visas reinstated. Kabir is one of the students who got his visa reinstated in California. 'It happened out of the blue. They said there had been a mistake.' He is still reeling from the impact of what had happened. 'I was getting ready to leave the country. I had discussed who would take on my house sublease, who would get my furniture, who would take care of my plants. It was just a matter of boarding a flight,' he says. But the struggle is far from over. 'I can't leave the U.S. for now,' says Kabir. Once a visa is revoked, even reinstatement does not guarantee re-entry. 'Even though the courts have addressed the issue in some cases where the visas were revoked, if you have a student visa that was cancelled, you can't leave and then come back,' says Nisha Karnani, Partner at Georgia-based Antonini & Cohen Immigration Law Group. 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'International students boost the U.S. economy,' reminds immigration attorney Karnani. According to College Board, a 120-year-old U.S.-based non-profit that pioneered the SAT and AP tests, the average tuition and fees for an undergraduate student are $30,780 in public institutions and $43,350 in private institutions, not including the standard cost of living of $10,000-$25,000 per year. During the 2023-24 school year, 1.1 million international students contributed nearly $44 billion to the U.S. economy, as per NAFSA: Association of International Educators. At 27%, Indian students contributed almost $12 billion to that amount. Not only do the students bring in money, they also produce some of their best work here. 'International students are a huge part of industry and innovation in the country,' says Kesubhai. Emerging as new favourites among Indian students are France, New Zealand, Germany, Bangladesh, Russia, Ireland, and Uzbekistan, according to a report by Arpan Tulsyan, Senior Fellow at the Observer Research Foundation. She writes, 'For Indian middle-class families, sending a child to the U.S. involves several years of savings — with costs ranging between ₹3.5 million and ₹5 million annually. Any uncertainty for visa approval or the work authorisation process turns U.S. education into a high-risk investment, significantly altering the family's cost-benefit analysis.' Learnings from a crisis The visa ban may be legally contested, but the intent behind it lingers as the aftershock of a political earthquake. Swati Bakre is a trauma-informed clinician. She is also an educator and mentor at The Family Institute of Northwestern University. She says, 'I would encourage students to think of the history of visa — who is included and who is excluded in these parameters. I think of this as an opportunity to understand our relationship to history and to the civil rights movement because the present moment does not stand in isolation from the past.' For international students, their futures are held hostage to an ideological war they did not start. A war that is no longer just about policy. It is about who gets to belong. Who gets to learn. Who gets to dream in a language not their own. It is also about the purpose of education in America and whether institutions like Harvard can continue to be spaces for freedom, debate, and plurality in a time when those very ideals are being recast as threats. Bakre says, 'I would like to validate the anxiety that these students are feeling. But I would also ask them to take perspective, realign, and think of the best way to make an impact in this world. This crisis could be an opportunity for them to be really conscious of what they want to do and why, what they are looking for from an education in the U.S., and whether their goals are being met in this environment.' Kabir says his mother breaks down on every phone call. 'My family background is in the Indian Navy. I get support from my brother and father. But it's hard for my mother. My nephews and nieces also tell me, 'Come home, Chachu'.' But it will be a while before Kabir can come home to his family. In this environment, the waiting room has shifted. It is no longer outside the U.S. embassy in Delhi or beneath the blinking screens at JFK International Airport. It now resides inside the body. Indian students in the United States know this space well. It follows them from campus hallways to summer sublets. They wait. For visa reinstatements. For legal appointments. For someone in the administration to see them not as a number but as a name. They wait to be home as they dream of an Indian summer while being stuck on American soil. They wait for mango season and for a world that will let them taste it. The writer is a USC Annenberg Fellow for Writing and Community Storytelling, and deputy editor of the U.S.-based Khabar magazine.
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