logo
Israel to call up around 60,000 reservists before planned offensive on Gaza City, says Israeli military official – Middle East crisis live

Israel to call up around 60,000 reservists before planned offensive on Gaza City, says Israeli military official – Middle East crisis live

The Guardiana day ago
Update:
Date: 2025-08-20T16:12:11.000Z
Title: Israel', 'will call up around 60,000 reservists before a planned offensive to take Gaza City but most forces that would operate in the Gaza Strip's largest urban centre would be active duty soldiers, an Israeli military official said on Wednesday.
Content: Call-up notices sent as Israeli plans to increase its offensive; Israel studies Hamas' response to proposal for 60-day ceasefire
Tom Ambrose (now) and
Charlie Moloney (earlier)
Wed 20 Aug 2025 18.12 CEST
First published on Wed 20 Aug 2025 13.22 CEST
From
1.22pm CEST
13:22
Good afternoon, Israel will call up around 60,000 reservists before a planned offensive to take Gaza City but most forces that would operate in the Gaza Strip's largest urban centre would be active duty soldiers, an Israeli military official said on Wednesday. The call-up notices could be sent in the coming days, with reservists to report for duty in September, the military official said.
'Most of the troops that will be mobilised in this new stage will be active duty and not reservists,' said the official, who spoke to reporters on condition of anonymity.
It comes as Israel is studying Hamas' response to a proposal for a 60-day ceasefire and release of half the hostages still held in Gaza, two Israeli officials said on Tuesday, although one source reiterated that all Israeli captives must be freed for the war to end.
Elsewhere:
Prime minister Anthony Albanese said on Wednesday that he treats leaders of other countries with respect after his Israeli counterpart Benjamin Netanyahu attacked him over his decision to recognise a Palestinian state. 'I don't take these things personally, I engage with people diplomatically. He has had similar things to say about other leaders,' Albanese said during a media briefing.
A 58% majority of Americans believe that every country in the United Nations should recognise Palestine as a nation, according to a new Reuters/Ipsos poll, as Israel and Hamas considered a possible truce in the nearly two-year-long war. 33% of respondents did not agree that UN members should recognise a Palestinian state and 9% did not answer.
German prosecutors have charged a Russian national they suspect of planning an attack on the Israeli embassy in Berlin and of trying to join militant organisation Islamic State, they said on Wednesday. Prosecutors believe the accused, identified only as Akhmad E. in line with German privacy rules, obtained instructions from the Internet on how to make explosives but the plan failed as he could not get the components he needed.
Updated
at 1.50pm CEST
6.12pm CEST
18:12
Israel will call up around 60,000 reservists before a planned offensive to take Gaza City but most forces that would operate in the Gaza Strip's largest urban centre would be active duty soldiers, an Israeli military official said on Wednesday. The call-up notices could be sent in the coming days, with reservists to report for duty in September, the military official said.
The mayor of the nearby Israeli settlement of Maale Adumim, Guy Yifrach, confirmed that Israel has approved a major settlement project on Wednesday in an area of the occupied West Bank that the international community has warned threatens the viability of a future Palestinian state.
Israel's approval of a key settlement project in the West Bank undermines the chances of a two-state solution, the Palestinian Authority (PA) has said in a statement. The approval of the project in the area known as E1 'fragments… geographic and demographic unity, entrenching the division of the occupied West Bank into isolated areas and cantons that are disconnected from one another, turning them into something akin to real prisons,' the PA's foreign ministry said in a statement.
International aid groups say they have not yet been able to deliver shelter materials to Gaza despite Israeli authorities saying they have lifted restrictions on such supplies, and warn that further delays could cause more Palestinian deaths.
Some 154 pallets of humanitarian aid have been airdropped in the Gaza Strip today, according to the IDF. Aircraft from Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, Germany, the Netherlands, France, Singapore and Indonesia dropped the pallets, containing several hundred kilograms of food, according to The Times of Israel.
Israel is 'killing all prospects' for peace in the Middle East, Jordan's foreign minister has said amid escalating international outrage over Israel's plans for a new large-scale offensive in Gaza City and plans to massively expand Jewish settlements in the West Bank. Ayman Safadi made his remarks during a visit to Moscow on the same day that the Israeli defence minister, Israel Katz, approved a plan to conquer Gaza City, an urban area home to hundreds of thousands of people in the north of the Palestinian territory.
President Donald Trump's administration on Wednesday imposed sanctions on two judges and two prosecutors at the International Criminal Court, as Washington kept up its pressure on the war tribunal over its targeting of Israeli leaders. Washington designated Nicolas Yann Guillou of France, Nazhat Shameem Khan of Fiji, Mame Mandiaye Niang of Senegal, and Kimberly Prost of Canada, according to the US Treasury and State Department, Reuters reported.
A fire broke out near Iran's Tabriz airport on Wednesday, with heavy smoke hanging in the city's sky, Iran's Fars news agency reported, adding operations to control the fire are ongoing.
Syria's foreign minister met Israel's strategic affairs minister Ron Dermer in Paris on Tuesday to discuss security arrangements in southern Syria, two Syrian sources familiar with the meeting said. Syrian and Israeli officials have been conducting US-mediated talks on de-escalating conflict in southern Syria.
French president Emmanuel Macron said Wednesday that Israel's 'military offensive' to conquer Gaza City 'can only lead to a complete disaster for both peoples,' after Israel's defence minister authorised the call-up of around 60,000 reservists. Israel's plan 'will drag the region into a permanent war,' the French president posted on social media, reiterating his call for an 'international stabilisation mission'.
Iran 'cannot completely cut cooperation' with the UN nuclear watchdog but the return of its inspectors is up to the country's security chiefs, foreign minister Abbas Araghchi said Wednesday. The remarks come nearly two months after Iran suspended cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency following its 12-day war with Israel in June.
Prime minister Anthony Albanese said on Wednesday that he treats leaders of other countries with respect after his Israeli counterpart Benjamin Netanyahu attacked him over his decision to recognise a Palestinian state. 'I don't take these things personally, I engage with people diplomatically. He has had similar things to say about other leaders,' Albanese said during a media briefing.
A 58% majority of Americans believe that every country in the United Nations should recognise Palestine as a nation, according to a new Reuters/Ipsos poll, as Israel and Hamas considered a possible truce in the nearly two-year-long war. 33% of respondents did not agree that UN members should recognise a Palestinian state and 9% did not answer.
German prosecutors have charged a Russian national they suspect of planning an attack on the Israeli embassy in Berlin and of trying to join militant organisation Islamic State, they said on Wednesday. Prosecutors believe the accused, identified only as Akhmad E. in line with German privacy rules, obtained instructions from the Internet on how to make explosives but the plan failed as he could not get the components he needed.
6.03pm CEST
18:03
Some 154 pallets of humanitarian aid have been airdropped in the Gaza Strip today, according to the IDF.
Aircraft from Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, Germany, the Netherlands, France, Singapore and Indonesia dropped the pallets, containing several hundred kilograms of food, according to The Times of Israel.
5.43pm CEST
17:43
President Donald Trump's administration on Wednesday imposed sanctions on two judges and two prosecutors at the International Criminal Court, as Washington kept up its pressure on the war tribunal over its targeting of Israeli leaders.
Washington designated Nicolas Yann Guillou of France, Nazhat Shameem Khan of Fiji, Mame Mandiaye Niang of Senegal, and Kimberly Prost of Canada, according to the US Treasury and State Department, Reuters reported.
ICC judges issued arrest warrants for Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu, former Israeli defence chief Yoav Gallant, and Hamas leader Ibrahim al-Masri last November for alleged war crimes and crimes against humanity during the Gaza conflict.
Guillou is an ICC judge who presided over a pre-trial panel that issued the arrest warrant for Netanyahu. Khan and Niang are the court's two deputy prosecutors.
The move comes less than three months after the administration took the unprecedented step of slapping sanctions on four separate ICC judges, saying they have engaged in ICC's 'illegitimate and baseless actions' targeting the US and close ally Israel.
ICC, which had slammed the move in June, describing it as an attempt to undermine the independence of the judicial institution, did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
5.22pm CEST
17:22
Syria's foreign minister met Israel's strategic affairs minister Ron Dermer in Paris on Tuesday to discuss security arrangements in southern Syria, two Syrian sources familiar with the meeting said.
Syrian and Israeli officials have been conducting US-mediated talks on de-escalating conflict in southern Syria. A previous round of these talks was held in Paris in late July but ended without a final accord.
Syrian state news agency Sana said foreign minister Asaad al-Shibani met with an Israeli delegation on Tuesday, but did not mention Dermer.
The agency said the discussions focused on de-escalation, non-interference in Syrian domestic affairs and reactivating a 1974 disengagement agreement between Israel and Syria that created a UN buffer zone in the Golan Heights.
There was no public comment by the Israeli government on the meeting, Reuters reported.
5.02pm CEST
17:02
Israel's approval of a key settlement project in the West Bank undermines the chances of a two-state solution, the Palestinian Authority (PA) has said in a statement.
The approval of the project in the area known as E1 'fragments… geographic and demographic unity, entrenching the division of the occupied West Bank into isolated areas and cantons that are disconnected from one another, turning them into something akin to real prisons,' the PA's foreign ministry said in a statement.
The approval of the E1 project, which would bisect the occupied West Bank and cut it off from East Jerusalem, was announced last week by sraeli finance minister Bezalel Smotrich and received final go-ahead from a defence ministry planning commission earlier today
Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu has not commented on the E1 announcement.
Updated
at 5.07pm CEST
4.42pm CEST
16:42
An Israeli tank manoeuvres on the Israeli side of the border with Gaza, Israel, today.
4.12pm CEST
16:12
Peter Beaumont
Israel is 'killing all prospects' for peace in the Middle East, Jordan's foreign minister has said amid escalating international outrage over Israel's plans for a new large-scale offensive in Gaza City and plans to massively expand Jewish settlements in the West Bank.
Ayman Safadi made his remarks during a visit to Moscow on the same day that the Israeli defence minister, Israel Katz, approved a plan to conquer Gaza City, an urban area home to hundreds of thousands of people in the north of the Palestinian territory.
Echoing the sentiment, Emmanuel Macron, the French president, said that the proposed new Gaza offensive would lead to 'true disaster' and drag the region into 'permanent war'.
Katz's announcement, which will lead to the mobilisation of an extra 60,000 Israeli troops, was also condemned by Germany, historically one of Israel's closest allies in Europe, which said it 'rejects the escalation' of Israel's campaign in Gaza.
3.54pm CEST
15:54
French President Emmanuel Macron said Wednesday that Israel's 'military offensive' to conquer Gaza City 'can only lead to a complete disaster for both peoples,' after Israel's defence minister authorised the call-up of around 60,000 reservists.
Israel's plan 'will drag the region into a permanent war,' the French president posted on social media, reiterating his call for an 'international stabilisation mission'.
3.36pm CEST
15:36
International aid groups say they have not yet been able to deliver shelter materials to Gaza despite Israeli authorities saying they have lifted restrictions on such supplies, and warn that further delays could cause more Palestinian deaths.
Aid organisations say Israel had in effect been blocking the delivery of materials for shelters for nearly six months, with tent poles previously listed among items Israeli authorities considered could have a military as well as civilian use.
With international concern over the plight of Palestinians mounting as the war in Gaza continues, Israel announced measures last month to let more aid into Gaza and said on Saturday that it would start allowing shelter materials in from the next day.
But officials from five aid groups, including UN agencies, told Reuters that shelter materials needed by large numbers of displaced Palestinians were still not reaching Gaza and blamed Israeli bureaucratic hurdles.
'The United Nations and our partners have...not been able to bring in shelter materials following the Israeli announcement,' the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), spokesperson Jens Laerke said.
3.02pm CEST
15:02
On the ground in Gaza City on Wednesday, Mustafa Qazzaat, head of the emergency committee in the Gaza municipality, described the situation as 'catastrophic' as Israel's defence minister approved a plan on Wednesday for the conquest of Gaza City.
He told AFP that 'large numbers' of people were fleeing their neighbourhoods, with the majority of those displaced 'on the roads and streets without shelter.'
Aida Abu Madi, a 48-year-old resident of Zeitoun, said she fled on Wednesday with her husband, children and three grandchildren to the home of relatives in western Gaza City.
'I didn't hear about Israel's decision, but I saw my neighbours fleeing, so I fled too,' she told AFP by telephone.
Anis Daloul, 64, said he fled Zeitoun with his family on Sunday for a neighbourhood northwest of Gaza City.
2.34pm CEST
14:34
Jordan's foreign minister said Wednesday that Israel's assault on Gaza had caused 'massacres and starvation' and that its wider actions were 'killing all prospects' for peace in the Middle East.
His comments came after Israeli Defence Minister Israel Katz approved a plan to conquer Gaza City, an urban area home to hundreds of thousands of people in the north of the Palestinian territory.
Most of the territory's population has been displaced since the war began, many repeatedly, according to the United Nations.
Addressing Russian counterpart Sergei Lavrov at a meeting in Moscow, Jordanian Foreign Minister Ayman Safadi said he hoped to discuss 'efforts to end the aggression on Gaza, and the massacres and starvation that it is creating.'
2.12pm CEST
14:12
A fire broke out near Iran's Tabriz airport on Wednesday, with heavy smoke hanging in the city's sky, Iran's Fars news agency reported, adding operations to control the fire are ongoing.
1.52pm CEST
13:52
Iran 'cannot completely cut cooperation' with the UN nuclear watchdog but the return of its inspectors is up to the country's security chiefs, Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi said Wednesday.
The remarks come nearly two months after Iran suspended cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency following its 12-day war with Israel in June.
Iran has cited the IAEA's failure to condemn Israeli and US strikes on its nuclear facilities as the reason for its decision, which saw the watchdog's inspectors leave the country following the passing of new legislation by parliament.
'We cannot completely cut cooperation with the agency,' Araghchi said, noting that new fuel rods need to be installed at Iran's Bushehr nuclear power plant in the coming weeks which will require the presence of IAEA inspectors.
'Under the law passed by parliament, the return of inspectors will be possible through a decision of the Supreme National Security Council,' he told the official IRNA news agency in an interview published Wednesday, referring to Iran's top security body.
1.33pm CEST
13:33
The mayor of the nearby Israeli settlement of Maale Adumim, Guy Yifrach, confirmed that Israel has approved a major settlement project on Wednesday in an area of the occupied West Bank that the international community has warned threatens the viability of a future Palestinian state.
'I am pleased to announce that just a short while ago, the civil administration approved the planning for the construction of the E1 neighbourhood,' Yifrach, said in a statement.
1.24pm CEST
13:24
Israel gave final approval on Wednesday for a controversial settlement project in the occupied West Bank that would effectively cut the territory in two, and that Palestinians and rights groups say could destroy hopes for a future Palestinian state.
Settlement development in E1, an open tract of land east of Jerusalem, has been under consideration for more than two decades, but was frozen due to U.S. pressure during previous administrations. The international community overwhelmingly considers Israeli settlement construction in the West Bank to be illegal and an obstacle to peace.
Far-right finance minister Bezalel Smotrich, a former settler leader, cast the approval as a rebuke to western countries that announced their plans to recognize a Palestinian state in recent weeks.
'The Palestinian state is being erased from the table not with slogans but with actions,' he said on Wednesday. 'Every settlement, every neighborhood, every housing unit is another nail in the coffin of this dangerous idea.'
Updated
at 1.27pm CEST
1.22pm CEST
13:22
Good afternoon, Israel will call up around 60,000 reservists before a planned offensive to take Gaza City but most forces that would operate in the Gaza Strip's largest urban centre would be active duty soldiers, an Israeli military official said on Wednesday. The call-up notices could be sent in the coming days, with reservists to report for duty in September, the military official said.
'Most of the troops that will be mobilised in this new stage will be active duty and not reservists,' said the official, who spoke to reporters on condition of anonymity.
It comes as Israel is studying Hamas' response to a proposal for a 60-day ceasefire and release of half the hostages still held in Gaza, two Israeli officials said on Tuesday, although one source reiterated that all Israeli captives must be freed for the war to end.
Elsewhere:
Prime minister Anthony Albanese said on Wednesday that he treats leaders of other countries with respect after his Israeli counterpart Benjamin Netanyahu attacked him over his decision to recognise a Palestinian state. 'I don't take these things personally, I engage with people diplomatically. He has had similar things to say about other leaders,' Albanese said during a media briefing.
A 58% majority of Americans believe that every country in the United Nations should recognise Palestine as a nation, according to a new Reuters/Ipsos poll, as Israel and Hamas considered a possible truce in the nearly two-year-long war. 33% of respondents did not agree that UN members should recognise a Palestinian state and 9% did not answer.
German prosecutors have charged a Russian national they suspect of planning an attack on the Israeli embassy in Berlin and of trying to join militant organisation Islamic State, they said on Wednesday. Prosecutors believe the accused, identified only as Akhmad E. in line with German privacy rules, obtained instructions from the Internet on how to make explosives but the plan failed as he could not get the components he needed.
Updated
at 1.50pm CEST
Orange background

Try Our AI Features

Explore what Daily8 AI can do for you:

Comments

No comments yet...

Related Articles

Pope Leo's first international trip could be to Lebanon, cardinal says
Pope Leo's first international trip could be to Lebanon, cardinal says

The Independent

time9 minutes ago

  • The Independent

Pope Leo's first international trip could be to Lebanon, cardinal says

Pope Leo XIV is planning to visit Lebanon this year on his first foreign visit, the country's Catholic cardinal said, a trip that would give history's first American pope a chance to speak in broad terms about peace in the Middle East and the plight of Christians there. A visit to Lebanon could be the second leg of a planned visit to Turkey at the end of November to commemorate an important anniversary with the Orthodox Church. Cardinal Béchara Boutros Raï, the patriarch of the Lebanese Maronite faithful, told the Saudi-owned Al-Arabiya TV that Leo 'will visit Lebanon.' 'It's unclear to be honest when he will visit, but he will visit anytime from now until December,' the cardinal said when asked about a possible visit. 'There needs to be an agreement from the Vatican on when the visit will happen. But there are preparations for the visit, but it's unclear until the Vatican's announcement.' Leo, like his predecessor Pope Francis, has consistently called for peace and dialogue in the Middle East, especially as Israel's offensive rages on in Gaza. The last pope to visit Lebanon was Pope Benedict XVI in September 2012 on what was the last foreign trip of his papacy. A Vatican spokesperson on Thursday declined to confirm or deny a trip by Leo. But word of papal trips usually originates with the local church that will host the pope. Pope Francis, who died on April 21, had long hoped to visit Lebanon, but the country's political and economic instability prevented a visit during his lifetime. The Mediterranean nation of around 6 million, including more than 1 million Syrian and Palestinian refugees, has the largest percentage of Christians in the Middle East and is the only Arab country with a Christian head of state. However, the Vatican fears the country's instability has been particularly dangerous for the continued presence of its Christian community, a bulwark for the church in the Mideast. Lebanon is currently struggling to recover after years of economic crisis and a bruising war between Israel and the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah that ended with a U.S. and France-brokered ceasefire in November. Formation of a new, reformist government in November ended a two-year political vacuum and brought hopes of recovery but the situation remains tense. Israel has continued to occupy five strategic points on the Lebanese side of the border and carry out near-daily airstrikes that it says aim to stop Hezbollah from regrouping. Hezbollah is under increasing domestic and international pressure to give up its remaining arsenal but has refused to do so until Israel withdraws and halts its strikes. There are fears of civil conflict if Lebanese authorities attempt to forcibly disarm the group. About one-third of Lebanon's population is believed to be Christian, though there is no official number since there hasn't been an official census since 1932. The Maronites are the largest and most powerful sect and, by convention, Lebanon's president is always a Maronite Christian. Leo is already expected to travel to Turkey at the end of November to commemorate the 1,700th anniversary of the Council of Nicaea, Christianity's first ecumenical council. It was a trip Francis had intended to make in May. The Vatican has not confirmed the Turkey trip, but Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew, the Istanbul-based spiritual leader of the world's Orthodox Christians and the host of the anniversary commemoration, has said Leo told him he wants to go. ___ Chehayeb reported from Beirut, Lebanon. ___ Associated Press religion coverage receives support through the AP's collaboration with The Conversation US, with funding from Lilly Endowment Inc. The AP is solely responsible for this content.

UK among 26 countries to demand press given immediate access to Gaza
UK among 26 countries to demand press given immediate access to Gaza

The Guardian

time10 minutes ago

  • The Guardian

UK among 26 countries to demand press given immediate access to Gaza

The UK is among more than 20 countries demanding that Israel immediately give international journalists access to Gaza to allow them to cover the 'unfolding humanitarian catastrophe' in the war zone. In a major escalation of pressure on Israel, 26 countries have signed a joint statement calling for it to end its block on press access and for protection for journalists operating in Gaza. The UK, Germany, Australia and Ukraine are among those to have signed the statement from the Media Freedom Coalition (MFC), an international advocacy group that the UK helped to create. 'In light of the unfolding humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza, we, the undersigned members of the Media Freedom Coalition, urge Israel to allow immediate independent foreign media access and afford protection for journalists operating in Gaza,' they say. 'Journalists and media workers play an essential role in putting the spotlight on the devastating reality of war. Access to conflict zones is vital to carrying out this role effectively. We oppose all attempts to restrict press freedom and block entry to journalists during conflicts.' The governments condemned the alleged targeting of journalists in Gaza, following analysis indicating at least 192 journalists and media workers have been killed in Gaza, the West Bank, Israel, and Lebanon since the war began. The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), which compiled the data, said it was the deadliest period for journalists since it began gathering data in 1992. It is investigating 130 additional cases of alleged killings, arrests and injuries of journalists. The statement follows an outcry earlier this month when a targeted Israeli attack killed four Al Jazeera journalists, two freelancers and a seventh person, leading to UN condemnation. The MFC statement said: 'We also strongly condemn all violence directed against journalists and media workers, especially the extremely high number of fatalities, arrests and detentions. We call on the Israeli authorities and all other parties to make every effort to ensure that media workers in Gaza, Israel, the West Bank and East Jerusalem – local and foreign alike – can conduct their work freely and safely. 'Deliberate targeting of journalists is unacceptable. International humanitarian law offers protection to civilian journalists during armed conflict. We call for all attacks against media workers to be investigated and for those responsible to be prosecuted in compliance with national and international law.' It reiterated calls for an immediate ceasefire, the unconditional release of the remaining Israeli hostages and the free flow of humanitarian aid. The statement follows pleas from news organisations and senior journalists, with recent claims that the freelance reporters working in Gaza were at risk of starvation as a result of the conditions in the strip. Last month, some of the world's biggest news outlets, including BBC News, Agence France-Presse, Associated Press and Reuters said they were 'desperately concerned' about journalists in Gaza, saying staff were 'increasingly unable to feed themselves and their families' amid widespread reports of mass starvation.

Revealed: Israeli military's own data indicates civilian death rate of 83% in Gaza war
Revealed: Israeli military's own data indicates civilian death rate of 83% in Gaza war

The Guardian

time10 minutes ago

  • The Guardian

Revealed: Israeli military's own data indicates civilian death rate of 83% in Gaza war

Figures from a classified Israeli military intelligence database indicate five out of six Palestinians killed by Israeli forces in Gaza have been civilians, an extreme rate of slaughter rarely matched in recent decades of warfare. As of May, 19 months into the war, Israeli intelligence officials listed 8,900 named fighters from Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad as dead or 'probably dead', a joint investigation by the Guardian, the Israeli-Palestinian publication +972 Magazine and the Hebrew-language outlet Local Call has found. At that time 53,000 Palestinians had been killed by Israeli attacks, according to health authorities in Gaza, a toll that included combatants and civilians. Fighters named in the Israeli military intelligence database accounted for just 17% of the total. That apparent ratio of civilians to combatants among the dead is extremely high for modern warfare, even compared with conflicts notorious for indiscriminate killing, including the Syrian and Sudanese civil wars. 'That proportion of civilians among those killed would be unusually high, particularly as it has been going on for such a long time,' said Therése Pettersson from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program, which tracks civilian casualties worldwide. 'If you single out a particular city or battle in another conflict, you could find similar rates, but very rarely overall.' 8,900 Named fighters listed as dead or 'probably dead' in Israeli database as of May 2025 In global conflicts tracked by UCDP since 1989, civilians made up a greater proportion of the dead only in Srebenica – although not the Bosnian war overall – in the Rwandan genocide, and during the Russian siege of Mariupol in 2022, Pettersson said. Many genocide scholars, lawyers and human rights activists, including Israeli academics and campaign groups, say Israel is committing genocide in Gaza, citing the mass killing of civilians and imposed starvation. The Israeli military did not dispute the existence of the database or dispute the data on Hamas and PIJ deaths when approached for comment by Local Call and +972 Magazine. When the Guardian asked for comment on the same data, a spokesperson said they had decided to 'rephrase' their response. A brief statement sent to the Guardian did not directly address questions about the military intelligence database. It said 'figures presented in the article are incorrect', without specifying which data the Israeli military disputed. It also said the numbers 'do not reflect the data available in the IDF's systems', without detailing which systems. A spokesperson did not immediately respond when asked why the military had given different responses to questions about a single set of data. The database names 47,653 Palestinians considered active in the military wings of Hamas and PIJ. It is based on apparent internal documents from the groups seized in Gaza, which have not been viewed or verified by the Guardian. Multiple intelligence sources familiar with the database said the military viewed it as the only authoritative tally of militant casualties. The military also considers the Gaza health ministry toll reliable, Local Call has reported, and the former head of military intelligence appeared to cite it recently, even though Israeli politicians regularly dismiss the numbers as propaganda. 52,928 Gaza health ministry's overall death toll as of 14 May 2025 Both databases may underestimate casualty numbers. The Gaza ministry of health lists only people whose bodies have been recovered, not the thousands buried under rubble. Israeli military intelligence are not aware of all militant deaths or all new recruits. But the databases are the ones used by Israeli officers for war planning. Israeli politicians and generals have variously put the number of militants killed as high as 20,000, or claimed a civilian-to-combatant ratio as low as 1:1. The higher totals cited by Israeli officials may include civilians with Hamas links, such as government administrators and police, even though international law prohibits targeting people not engaged in combat. They probably also include Palestinians with no Hamas connections. Israel's southern command allowed soldiers to report people killed in Gaza as militant casualties without identification or verification. 'People are promoted to the rank of terrorist after their death,' said one intelligence source who accompanied forces on the ground. 'If I had listened to the brigade, I would have come to the conclusion that we had killed 200% of Hamas operatives in the area.' Itzhak Brik, a retired general, said serving Israeli soldiers were aware that politicians exaggerated the Hamas toll. Brik advised the prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, at the start of the war and is now among his most strident critics. 'There is absolutely no connection between the numbers that are announced and what is actually happening. It is just one big bluff,' he said. Brik commanded Israel's military colleges, and said he kept in touch with serving officers. He described meeting soldiers from a unit identifying Palestinians killed in Gaza, who told him 'most of them' were civilians. Even though much of Gaza has been reduced to ruins and tens of thousands of people killed, the classified database lists nearly 40,000 people considered by the army to be militants and still alive. Casualty estimates from Hamas and PIJ members also indicated Israeli officials were inflating the militant toll in public statements, said Muhammad Shehada, a Palestinian analyst. By December 2024 an estimated 6,500 people from the military and political wings of both groups had been killed, members told him. 'Israel expands the boundaries so they can define every single person in Gaza as Hamas,' he said. 'All of it is killing in the moment for tactical purposes that have nothing to do with extinguishing a threat.' The ratio of civilian casualties among the dead may have increased further since May, when Israel tried to replace UN and humanitarian organisations that had fed Palestinians throughout the war. Israeli forces have killed hundreds of people trying to get food from distribution centres in military exclusion zones. Now starving survivors, already forced into just 20% of the territory, have been ordered to leave the north as Israel prepares for another ground operation that is likely to have catastrophic consequences for civilians. The scale of the killing was partly owing to the nature of the conflict, said Mary Kaldor, professor emeritus at the LSE, director of the Conflict Research Programme and author of New Wars, an influential book about warfare in the post-cold-war era. International humanitarian law was developed to protect civilians in conventional wars, in which states deploy troops to face each other on the battlefield. This is still largely the model for Russia's war in Ukraine. In Gaza Israel is fighting Hamas militants in densely populated cities, and has set rules of engagement that allow its forces to kill large numbers of civilians in strikes on even low-ranking militants. 'In Gaza we are talking about a campaign of targeted assassinations, really, rather than battles, and they are carried out with no concern for civilians,' Kaldor said. The ratio of civilians among the dead in Gaza was more comparable to recent wars in Sudan, Yemen, Uganda and Syria, where much of the violence had been directed against civilians, she said. 'These are wars where the armed groups tend to avoid battle. They don't want to fight each other, they want to control territory and they do that by killing civilians,. 'Maybe that is the same with Israel, and this is a model of war [in Gaza] that is about dominating a population and controlling land. Maybe the objective always was forced displacement.' Israel's government says the war is one of self-defence after the Hamas-led attacks on 7 October 2023, which killed 1,200 people. But political and military leaders regularly use genocidal rhetoric. The general who led military intelligence when the war began has said 50 Palestinians must die for every person killed that day, adding that 'it does not matter now if they are children'. Aharon Haliva, who stepped down in April 2024, said mass killing in Gaza was 'necessary' as a 'message to future generations' of Palestinians, in recordings broadcast on Israeli TV this month. Many Israeli soldiers have testified that all Palestinians are treated as targets in Gaza. One stationed in Rafah this year said his unit had created an 'imaginary line' in the sand and fired at anyone who crossed it, including twice at children and once at a woman. They shot to kill, not to warn, he said. 'Nobody aimed for their legs'. Neta Crawford, a professor of international relations at Oxford University and co-founder of the Costs of War project, said Israeli tactics marked a 'worrisome' abandonment of decades of practices developed to protect civilians. In the 1970s public revulsion about American massacres in Vietnam forced western militaries to shift how they fought. New policies were imperfectly implemented but reflected a focus on limiting harm to civilians that no longer appeared to be part of Israel's military calculus, she said. 'They say they're using the same kinds of procedures for civilian casualty estimation and mitigation as states like the United States. But if you look at these casualty rates, and their practices with the bombing and the destruction of civilian infrastructure, it is clear that they are not.'

DOWNLOAD THE APP

Get Started Now: Download the App

Ready to dive into a world of global content with local flavor? Download Daily8 app today from your preferred app store and start exploring.
app-storeplay-store