SpaceX delivers four astronauts to the International Space Station just 15 hours after launch
The four U.S., Russian and Japanese astronauts pulled up in their SpaceX capsule after launching from NASA's Kennedy Space Center. They will spend at least six months at the orbiting lab, swapping places with colleagues up there since March. SpaceX will bring those four back as early as Wednesday.
Moving in are NASA's Zena Cardman and Mike Fincke, Japan's Kimiya Yui and Russia's Oleg Platonov — each of whom had been originally assigned to other missions.
Cardman and another astronaut were pulled from a SpaceX flight last year to make room for NASA's two stuck astronauts, Boeing Starliner test pilots Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams, whose space station stay went from one week to more than nine months. Fincke and Yui had been training for the next Starliner mission. But with Starliner grounded by thruster and other problems until 2026, the two switched to SpaceX.
Platonov was bumped from the Soyuz launch lineup a couple of years ago because of an undisclosed illness.
Their arrival temporarily puts the space station population at 11.
While their taxi flight was speedy by U.S. standards, the Russians hold the record for the fastest trip to the space station — a lightning-fast three hours.
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The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute's Department of Science Education and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The AP is solely responsible for all content.
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Yahoo
2 hours ago
- Yahoo
Researchers figure out what's caused devastating sea star epidemic
A study published Monday offers clarity on a more than decade-long marine mystery: What has been killing the velvety sunflower sea star? In 2013, something began ravaging sea stars along the West Coast, turning them into decaying, fragmented carcasses. Over the next few years, the wasting disease (SSWD) killed billions of animals along the shore, transforming entire marine ecosystems. A network of researchers formed to focus on recovery. One species was hit especially hard: Pycnopodia helianthoides, more commonly known as the sunflower sea star. Scientists estimate the global population plummeted by 94% since 2013. California alone lost about 99% of its sunflower sea stars. For over a decade, nobody knew what was responsible. In their paper in Nature Ecology & Evolution, researchers have now identified the culprit behind the devastating epidemic — and with it, a path forward for restoration. 'This was a big deal for us,' said Alyssa Gehman, a marine disease ecologist at Hakai Institute and the University of British Columbia and senior author on the study. 'When we started these experiments, I knew we would learn more, but I honestly wasn't convinced we would actually find the causative agent of disease.' The breakthrough came during a routine meeting between Gehman and two collaborators, Grace Crandall and Melanie Prentice. They had recently tested whether heat-treated coelomic fluid — the internal body fluid of a sea star — could still trigger the disease when injected into a healthy sea star. When it didn't, and the injected sea stars stayed healthy, it confirmed that the disease was being caused by something that was alive. To find out what that "something" was, the team turned to a set of techniques that reveals which genes are being expressed by what microorganisms. When they compared healthy and infected animals, one group consistently stood out—the Vibrios, a type of bacteria commonly found in marine environments. Knowing there are many Vibrios, the researchers were curious whether the wasting sickness could be tied to one in particular. Prentice ran the species-level analysis, and the result floored them. 'The whole list was Vibrio pectinocida. And it was in all of our six stars and it was in none of our controls,' Gehman said. It was "mind-blowingly clear" that this bacteria was causing the disease, she said. For California's kelp forests, and the conservation groups trying to save them, this news is a major turning point. Sunflower sea stars are considered a keystone species, meaning they are critical in regulating the stability and diversity of their ecosystems. One of their most important roles is controlling purple sea urchin populations, a species with a notoriously voracious appetite. 'They can mow down a kelp forest and then actually remain in that ecosystem without a food source,' said Prentice, a marine biologist and study co-author. 'They enter almost like a zombie state until the kelp regrows, and then they eradicate it again.' Sunflower sea stars used to prey on the urchins, keeping them in check. But when wasting disease effectively wiped out their main predator, the sea urchins exploded in number, decimating kelp forests and transforming once-lush underwater habitats into so-called 'urchin barrens.' 'Kelp forests are the most important ecosystem on our coast because they house over 800 species of animals,' said Nancy Caruso, marine biologist and founder of the nonprofit Get Inspired. 'Essentially, they're the condos and apartment complexes of the animals that live on our coastline. When they disappear, the animals have no place to live.' 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That beats the cumbersome process of monitoring them to make sure they're healthy enough to be released. 'That's going to be powerful not just for research, but for management,' she said. 'Now we can actually test animals before we move them, or test the water at a potential outplanting site and say, is this a good place for reintroduction?' Researchers also plan to investigate whether certain stars are resistant to the disease, opening the door to breeding animals that are more resilient. Could exposing them to a low dose of the disease do the trick? Already there have been promising strides in conservation. Starting in 2019, Jason Hodin, a senior research scientist at the University of Washington's Friday Harbor Laboratories, spearheaded an effort to see if the hefty stars could be raised in captivity. They could, and the success paved the way for a network of scientists trying to recover the species. 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Researchers with the Nature Conservancy may release stars in cages in Monterey Bay as soon as September, replicating a step Hodin's team took before sending them out on their own. They're waiting on approval from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. There also have been hopeful sightings of wild stars in California waters. Recently, a sunflower sea star was spotted in Sonoma County, which Hodin estimated is the furthest south anyone has spotted them in seven years. 'It takes a lot of stars to make a healthy population, so just having a few around isn't necessarily enough to get a good sort of population going,' Hodin said, 'but at least it's a sign that the species is still around and that with some assistance, we might be able to bolster these populations.' At the Aquarium of the Pacific in Long Beach, which cares for some of the surviving sunflower stars, the new findings could help reshape priorities. 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Digital Trends
2 hours ago
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2 hours ago
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