
NASA Juno mission reveals volcanic action on Jupiter's moon Io
Los Angeles, May 1 (UNI) New data from NASA's Juno mission has shed light on the dynamic atmosphere of Jupiter and the volcanic activity on its fiery moon Io, according to the agency.
The Juno spacecraft has gathered new findings by probing beneath Jupiter's cloud-shrouded atmosphere and studying Io's surface.
The data has led to the development of a new model to better understand the fast-moving jet streams that encircle Jupiter's cyclone-covered north pole. In addition, for the first time, scientists have mapped Io's subsurface temperature profile, providing critical information about the moon's internal structure and volcanic behavior, according to findings released by mission team on Tuesday.
"As Juno's orbit takes us to new regions of Jupiter's complex system, we're getting a closer look at the immensity of energy this gas giant wields," said Scott Bolton, principal investigator of the Juno mission.
Juno was launched Aug. 5, 2011, and arrived at Jupiter on July 4, 2016, after a five-year, 1,740-million-mile journey. The mission is designed to explore the origin and evolution of Jupiter, the solar system, and giant planets across the cosmos.
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Time of India
an hour ago
- Time of India
Trump vs Musk: What happens to Nasa's ISS missions if SpaceX grounds Dragon capsule? Is Russia only other option?
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Time of India
2 hours ago
- Time of India
Elon Musk pulls back on threat to withdraw Dragon spacecraft
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Business Standard
3 hours ago
- Business Standard
Menstruation in space: How women astronauts manage periods in orbit
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In 1963, Soviet cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman in space. While a milestone, there's little public documentation on how—or if—her menstrual cycle was addressed. In 1964, a paper published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology described women as 'temperamental psychophysiologic humans' unsuited for piloting spacecraft. The authors cited studies claiming menstruating women were more accident-prone and even suggested they might be responsible for unexplained air crashes. Some scientists speculated that menstrual blood could flow backward in zero gravity—a myth later debunked by Nasa medical experts. By the time Sally Ride made her historic flight in 1983, Nasa had to face reality: if women were going to space, they'd have periods there too. Unfortunately, the male engineers' understanding of menstruation was limited, to say the least. What happens to menstruation and periods in zero gravity? 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The challenge isn't the menstruation itself—it's managing hygiene and waste in a cramped, pressurised cabin with limited water and privacy. Some waste-disposal facilities on the International Space Station can now handle human blood, but they weren't originally designed to do so. Another challenge is calculating the added weight, storage, and waste management for items like tampons and sanitary products. Why most astronauts suppress periods with hormonal birth control Today, most female astronauts choose to suppress their periods entirely during missions. This is done safely through continuous hormonal birth control—either with pills or long-acting methods such as IUDs or injections. Nasa medical teams now work with astronauts ahead of missions to determine the best approach based on individual needs. Some prefer to keep menstruating naturally, and that option is supported too. Nasa physician and astronaut Serena Auñón-Chancellor has spoken openly about these choices. 'It's a choice,' she said. 'Some women choose to menstruate, some don't. Either way, we train for it.' Still, long missions—such as a three-year journey to Mars—present new challenges. According to Dr Jain, astronauts on such missions would need about 1,100 pills, adding cost, packaging, weight and waste. That makes long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), such as implants or hormonal IUDs, a more convenient solution. Inclusive space design: Meeting female astronaut health needs Menstruation is just one part of the larger push to make space travel inclusive. From designing space suits to fit more body types to conducting biomedical research on hormonal differences, space agencies are beginning to acknowledge the diversity of human needs. More than 100 women have flown to space since Valentina Tereshkova, but the systems still lag behind. Future missions to the Moon, Mars and beyond will require safe, comfortable and sustainable menstrual care in microgravity. Nasa, the European Space Agency and private companies are now developing improved hygiene systems, reusable products and real-time body monitoring tools. And it's clear: the more women involved in designing space missions, the more thoughtfully inclusive those systems become. Why menstruation in space is a symbol of design equity Managing menstruation in space may seem minor compared to interstellar navigation or building Moon bases. But it highlights a larger truth: The systems we build reflect the people we expect to use them. For too long, spaceflight ignored women's biology. Today, mission checklists include tampons, hormonal therapy and custom-fit suits—paving the way for a future where anyone can go to space as their full, human self. And no, Nasa no longer packs 100 tampons for a seven-day trip. We've come a long way—and still have a long way to go.