
A life in the service of the wild and wildlife
He had heard about Ranthambore from his sister and brother-in-law — my parents — who filmed a documentary, The Jungle Life of Rajasthan, there a couple of years prior, and had pitched their tent under the great banyan tree at Jogi Mahal.
All three of them were now captivated by this special place and also by the man who was then the game warden (later, field director), Fateh Singh Rathore, with his Stetson, aviator glasses, and luxurious moustache.
When I arrived on the scene a few years later, Fateh kaka was at the hospital in New Delhi and gave me my first tot of honey, soon after I was born. It was with this pioneering trio, Valmik, Fateh kaka, and my father Tejbir, that I spent my formative years in Ranthambore, living under the canopy of the great banyan and Jogi Mahal, sleeping out in the open on charpoys with only mosquito nets for protection as the tiger's roar, the raspy sawing of leopards, the bark-like alarm calls of sambar deer, and the cacophony of langur monkeys echoed off the walls of the medieval fortress.
Often, we woke to find fresh tiger pug marks by our beds. This experience and these three exceptional men shaped me in different ways, and as I look back to an incredibly fortunate childhood, the die for my life was cast around the Jogi Mahal campfire. The discussions varied from the day's wildlife sightings to the positive changes in tiger behaviour post the ban on shooting — they had now started to roam more confidently and freely even during the day without the fear of being shot by trophy hunters — the problems they still faced, and what was needed to ensure their survival. The trio co-authored their first book, With Tigers in the Wild, in 1982, and Valmik went on to become a prolific author, with over 40 books in 50 years.
A village that had voluntarily left their ancestral lands in the heart of the National Park, and had been resettled on more fertile and accessible land at the edge of the reserve in 1977, required funding to build a wall around their village school. Jagan, the sarpanch, had come to meet Valmik on a scorching day in June to make a request for assistance. I happened to be present, and he sent me off in 48 degree Celsius heat in our open Mahindra CJ3B Jeep with Jagan sarpanch for a site visit to Kailashpuri village, about an hour's drive away. In his typical matter-of-fact, firm, and gruff way, he told me that it was now my responsibility to raise the funds required, which I was to calculate, and ensure the wall was built at the earliest. I followed his direction, delivered what was asked of me. As any 10-year-old would, I expected a pat on the back from the big man. No pat and no special mention was forthcoming, lest I think I had achieved something already. There was much more to be done, and so I quietly better get on with it. Quintessential Valmik! The foundation and its activities made a lasting impression on me and formed the basis for the many initiatives I presently work on.
Though Valmik relished his private time in the wild, observing, documenting, and photographing wildlife and tiger behaviour, he spent a lot of his time with forest officers, guards, conservationists, scientists, and with the communities that lived in or around India's national parks, tiger reserves and sanctuaries, finding innovative solutions to complex issues in his mission to help preserve India's 'natural treasury' as he called it. Valmik made countless critical interventions in the 150 or so government committees and boards he served over his lifetime. From the apex National Board for Wildlife chaired by the Prime Minister to the Supreme Court's Central Empowered Committee for Forests, many State Wildlife Boards, and also the Tiger Task Force set up by the then Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh, in the aftermath of Sariska's tigers being poached to extinction. He famously gave a note of dissent — I think the only one — much to the chagrin of the powers that be. Valmik always said it as it was, without fear or favour. He didn't give two hoots about any nasty repercussions that might come his way. He unwaveringly believed in the truth and lived by it without exception.
In the last few years, he was disillusioned with the lack of courage and conviction among many who were tasked with protecting and preserving India's wildlife. Many of his suggestions and recommendations, including his many roars to create a specialised Indian Wildlife Service fell on deaf ears. But, he was not one to give up even when he knew the end was near.
As his family, friends, and well-wishers try to heal from the heartbreak of losing him less than a month after he was diagnosed with cancer, the fight to ensure the survival of India's wildlife and habitats, that is so intricately linked with the survival of our 1.4 billion people, will go on, taken forward by the countless people Valmik encouraged, inspired and mentored. That is his formidable and eternal legacy.
Jaisal Singh is an author, conservationist, and entrepreneur. The views expressed are personal.
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Indian Express
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Time of India
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English tenses represent one of the most fundamental aspects of achieving fluency in the language. These grammatical structures enable speakers to convey precise temporal relationships, indicating when actions occur and their duration or completion status. Understanding tenses transforms basic communication into sophisticated expression, allowing speakers to navigate complex conversations with clarity and accuracy. Many English learners find tenses challenging initially, but systematic understanding reveals logical patterns that simplify the learning process. Each tense serves specific communicative purposes, and recognising these functions helps students select appropriate structures for different situations. The framework of English tenses English organises time expression through three primary temporal categories: present, past, and future. Within each category, four distinct tense variations provide nuanced ways to describe actions and states. 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Present tense applications Present tenses handle immediate situations, habitual actions, and ongoing states. These forms appear frequently in daily conversation and serve as building blocks for more complex temporal expressions. Present simple: Foundations of expression Present simple tense handles routine actions, universal truths, and permanent situations. This tense forms the backbone of English communication, appearing in instructions, schedules, and factual statements. Primary applications: Habitual actions: "She exercises every morning" demonstrates regular behaviour Universal truths: "Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius" states scientific fact Scheduled events: "The train departs at 6:30 PM" indicates timetabled activities Permanent states: "He works as a teacher" describes ongoing employment Present simple construction remains straightforward: use the base verb form, adding 's' for third-person singular subjects. Present continuous: Capturing ongoing action Present continuous expresses actions happening at the moment of speaking or planned future events. This tense brings immediacy to communication, helping listeners understand current situations. Common usage patterns include descriptions of temporary situations, actions in progress, and planned future arrangements. The auxiliary verb 'be' combines with the present participle (-ing form) to create this tense. Typical applications: Immediate actions: "I am writing an email" describes current activity Temporary situations: "She is staying with friends this week" indicates short-term arrangements Future plans: "We are meeting tomorrow" shows arranged future events Changing situations: "The weather is getting colder" demonstrates ongoing change Present perfect: Linking past and present Present perfect connects completed actions to present circumstances. This tense emphasises results or experiences rather than specific timing, making it essential for discussing life experiences and recent developments. The auxiliary 'have' or 'has' combines with past participles to form present perfect constructions. Understanding when to use this tense instead of simple past requires recognising present relevance. Key applications: Completed actions with present relevance: "I have finished the project" emphasises current completion Life experiences: "She has visited fifteen countries" describes accumulated experiences Recent events: "They have just arrived" indicates very recent completion Ongoing situations: "He has worked here for ten years" shows duration continuing to present Present perfect continuous: Emphasising duration Present perfect continuous highlights ongoing actions that began in the past and continue to the present moment. This tense emphasises duration and ongoing nature rather than simple completion. The structure combines 'have/has been' with present participles, creating emphasis on time spent in activities. Common uses: Ongoing activities: "I have been studying English for three years" stresses continued effort Recent activities with present effects: "She has been running" explains current appearance Temporary ongoing situations: "They have been living in temporary accommodation" indicates extended temporary circumstances Past tense formations Past tenses handle completed actions, previous states, and historical events. These forms enable speakers to narrate experiences, describe sequences of events, and provide background information. Simple past: Definitive completion Simple past expresses completed actions at specific past times. This tense forms the foundation of storytelling and historical description, providing clear temporal boundaries for past events. Regular verbs add '-ed' to create simple past forms, whilst irregular verbs require memorisation of unique past forms. Primary functions: Specific past events: "I visited the museum yesterday" indicates completed action Past habits: "She walked to school every day" describes repeated past behaviour Historical events: "The war ended in 1945" states historical fact Sequential past actions: "He arrived, unpacked, and made dinner" shows event sequence Past continuous: Background and interruption Past continuous describes ongoing actions at specific past moments, often providing background for other events. This tense creates vivid descriptions of past situations and circumstances. The auxiliary 'was' or 'were' combines with present participles to form past continuous structures. Typical applications: Background actions: "I was reading when you called" sets scene for interrupting event Simultaneous past actions: "While she was cooking, he was cleaning" shows concurrent activities Polite past requests: "I was wondering if you could help" softens request tone Past temporary situations: "They were staying at a hotel" describes temporary past circumstances Past perfect: Sequence and completion Past perfect establishes clear chronological relationships between past events. This tense indicates actions completed before other past actions, creating temporal clarity in complex narratives. The auxiliary 'had' combines with past participles to form past perfect constructions. Key functions: Actions before other past actions: "I had finished dinner before they arrived" shows clear sequence Completed past conditions: "If she had studied harder, she would have passed" indicates unrealised past possibility Reported speech: "He said he had already seen the film" maintains temporal accuracy Past experience before other past points: "By age 30, she had travelled extensively" shows accumulated experience Past perfect continuous: Duration before past events Past perfect continuous emphasises ongoing actions that continued up to specific past moments. This tense highlights duration and continuity leading to past reference points. The structure 'had been' plus present participle creates these forms. Common applications: Duration before past events: "I had been waiting for two hours when he arrived" emphasises waiting period Ongoing past activities: "They had been working all night" stresses continuous effort Cause and effect relationships: "She was tired because she had been studying" explains past circumstances Future tense constructions Future tenses handle predictions, plans, and intentions. English offers several ways to express future concepts, each with specific applications and nuances. Simple future: Predictions and decisions Simple future expresses predictions, promises, and spontaneous decisions. This tense handles various future concepts, from weather forecasts to immediate decisions. The auxiliary 'will' combines with base verb forms to create simple future constructions. Primary uses: Predictions: "It will rain tomorrow" forecasts future weather Promises: "I will help you move house" commits to future action Spontaneous decisions: "I'll have the chicken" expresses immediate choice Future facts: "She will be 30 next month" states upcoming certainty Future continuous: Ongoing future actions Future continuous describes actions that will be in progress at specific future times. This tense helps schedule around future activities and describes future circumstances. The structure 'will be' plus present participle creates future continuous forms. Typical applications: Future activities in progress: "This time tomorrow, I will be flying to Rome" describes future timing Polite future inquiries: "Will you be using the car tonight?" asks about future availability Future arrangements: "We will be staying at the Grand Hotel" indicates planned accommodation Inevitable future events: "Children will be playing in the park" predicts natural occurrences Future perfect: Completion before future points Future perfect expresses actions that will be completed before specific future times. This tense creates temporal relationships between future events and deadlines. The auxiliary 'will have' combines with past participles to form future perfect constructions. Key functions: Completion before deadlines: "I will have finished the report by Friday" shows future completion Future milestones: "By next year, she will have graduated" indicates future achievement Predictions about current unknowns: "They will have arrived by now" suggests probable current completion Future perfect continuous: Ongoing duration to future points Future perfect continuous emphasises ongoing actions that will continue up to specific future moments. This tense highlights duration and continuity leading to future reference points. The structure 'will have been' plus present participle creates these forms. Common uses: Future duration milestones: "By December, I will have been working here for five years" emphasises future duration Ongoing future activities: "They will have been travelling for 20 hours" stresses continuous future action Future explanations: "You will have been waiting for ages" acknowledges future duration Time markers and contextual clues Temporal adverbs and phrases provide crucial context for tense selection. These markers help speakers choose appropriate tenses and assist listeners in understanding temporal relationships. Present indicators: Frequency markers: always, usually, often, sometimes, never Current timeframes: now, today, this week, currently, at the moment Habitual patterns: every day, each morning, regularly, routinely Past indicators: Specific past times: yesterday, last week, in 2019, three days ago Completed timeframes: when I was young, during the war, in those days Sequential markers: then, after that, subsequently, finally Future indicators: Upcoming times: tomorrow, next month, in five years, soon Planned events: this evening, next weekend, in the coming weeks Conditional contexts: if, when, unless, provided that Common errors and solutions Understanding frequent tense errors helps learners develop accuracy and confidence. These mistakes often stem from first language interference or incomplete understanding of English temporal concepts. Typical errors to avoid: Tense mixing: Inconsistent tense usage within single sentences or paragraphs Perfect tense confusion: Using simple past instead of present perfect for ongoing relevance Continuous overuse: Applying continuous forms to states that require simple tenses Sequence errors: Incorrect temporal relationships in past perfect constructions Regular exposure to authentic English helps internalise natural tense patterns. Reading, listening, and speaking practice provide models for appropriate usage across various contexts. Ready to navigate global policies? Secure your overseas future. Get expert guidance now!