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1,200 Rare Salamanders Released in Florida Days After 42 Snakes Were Set Free in the State

1,200 Rare Salamanders Released in Florida Days After 42 Snakes Were Set Free in the State

Yahoo09-05-2025
The Amphibian and Reptile Conservancy released 1,204 frosted flatwoods salamanders into the wetlands of Florida's panhandle in late April
Frosted flatwoods salamanders are endangered due to habitat destruction and climate change
Biologists released the amphibians to improve Florida's ecosystemsFlorida is gaining more amphibian residents!
According to the Amphibian and Reptile Conservancy (ARC), biologists released 1,204 frosted flatwoods salamanders in the wetlands of the Florida panhandle in late April.
Frosted flatwoods salamanders are listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List. The April release was an effort to help bolster the amphibian population and save the salamanders from extinction.
The Amphibian and Reptile Conservancy is committed to helping salamander species through releases and habitat restoration.
"Along with our incredible partners here, we're carrying out a multi-faceted strategy for frosted flatwoods salamanders. We're not only releasing more salamanders onto the land; we're building better habitats and making sure the ecosystem contains what these amphibians need, all to give them a fighting chance against the big threats they face," JJ Apodaca, the executive director of ARC, shared.
The salamanders released into Florida are part of a process called head-starting. Biologists collected the animals as unhatched eggs in the wild, hatched them, and raised them in protected environments. Then, the biologists released the salamanders back into the wild once they reached a size more suitable for surviving in the wild.
ARC is also working on a captive breeding program for frosted flatwoods salamanders and plans to release the salamanders that result from the initiative.
"This is a species persisting in the face of a lot of adversity, and there's a committed team of people mirroring that persistence by working hard to help them in many ways," ARC project coordinator Nicole Dahrouge said.
While the salamanders have numerous supporters at ARC and the organization's partners, the amphibians still face mounting hazards.
"The looming climate threats are pretty worrisome; with storm surges and flooding, the coastal populations are increasingly at risk," Dahrouge added.
Still, Dahrouge remains optimistic about the frosted flatwoods salamander's future and the "positive changes" ARC is making for them.
"These animals matter, even if most people never see them or might not even notice their absence if they were lost," she said. "They're part of a system that's been in place long before we arrived, and the tragedy of their loss would be an avoidable one."
The release of the over 1,200 salamanders comes days after a large snake release. On April 25, The Nature Conservancy and its partners released 42 young eastern indigo snakes, 22 females and 20 males, at the Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve (ABRP) in Florida.
Indigo snakes are non-venomous apex predators that bring balance to the longleaf pine ecosystems they are native to. The species is also the longest snake native to the U.S.
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"In restoring ecosystems, each species plays a part in bringing back natural balance," the ABRP preserve manager, Catherine Ricketts, said in a statement. "In our longleaf pine-wiregrass savannas, we want the complete suite of species here, including birds, mammals, insects, and an apex predator: the eastern indigo snake. These snakes are a key component of restoring north Florida's longleaf pine forests."
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Going Wild (Again): Feral Rabbits In Australia Evolve New Morphologies
Going Wild (Again): Feral Rabbits In Australia Evolve New Morphologies

Forbes

time31-07-2025

  • Forbes

Going Wild (Again): Feral Rabbits In Australia Evolve New Morphologies

Is 'feralization' a process of recapitulating what domesticated animals once looked like and once were? How does domestication change wild animals? When domesticated animals return to a wild state, is this 'feralization' a process of recapitulating what these animals once looked like and once were? Even Charles Darwin pondered the effects of domestication in his book, The variation of animals and plants under domestication, initially published in 1869 (ref). But first, let's understand a little better about feralization: what is it? 'Feralization is the process by which domestic animals become established in an environment without purposeful assistance from humans,' explained the study's lead author, evolutionary biologist Emma Sherratt, an Associate Professor at the University of Adelaide, where she specializes in macroevolution and morphometric methods. This study was part of Professor Sherratt's ARC Future Fellowship. To do this study, Professor Sherratt collaborated with a team of international experts to assess the body sizes and skull shapes of domesticated, feral and wild rabbits. Their study revealed that when domesticated rabbit breeds return to the wild and feralize, they do not simply revert to their wild form – instead, they undergo distinct, novel anatomical changes. 'While you might expect that a feral animal would revert to body types seen in wild populations, we found that feral rabbits' body-size and skull-shape range is somewhere between wild and domestic rabbits, but also overlaps with them in large parts,' Professor Sherratt briefly explained. Australia's feral rabbits are descendants of rabbits that newly arriving European colonists brought with them to supply meat and fur. The European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, or coney, is originally native to the Iberian Peninsula and southwestern France, but currently has an almost global presence. They live in grasslands and are herbivorous, mainly eating grasses and leaves, though they consume all sorts of things, including a variety of berries and even food crops, making them a persistent and formidable agricultural pest. They dig burrows to live in and produce many litters of blind and helpless offspring, known as kits or kittens, every year. The European rabbit is the only rabbit species that has been widely domesticated for meat, fur, wool, or as a pet, so all domesticated rabbits belong to the same species. Paradoxically, this rabbit species is endangered in its native range, despite being an invasive pest just about everywhere else. The goal of Professor Sherratt and collaborators' study was to measure and characterize the morphological differences of the European rabbit skull in wild, feral and domestic animals sampled globally, and contrast those measurements with other rabbit species. To do this, they sampled 912 rabbit specimens held by natural history museums or collected by invasive species control programs. They included wild individuals collected in their contemporary native range in Spain, Portugal and southwestern France, along with independent feral populations and domestic rabbits collected from 20 different worldwide locations (countries, territories, islands). Professor Sherratt and collaborators used well-established scientific methods to quantify shape and size variation in the skull, and to assess size-related (allometric) shape variations that this species acquired through several hundred years of domestication and feralization. Why focus specifically on these animals' skull shapes and sizes? What do these dimensions tell you? '[W]e focus on skull shape because it tells us how animals interact with their environment, from feeding, sensing and even how they move,' Professor Sherratt replied. Professor Sherratt and collaborators examined whether domestic rabbits have predictable skull proportions – relatively shorter face length and smaller braincase size, which are hypothesized to be part of 'domestication syndrome' – and whether feralization has resulted in a reversion to the original wild form. Finally, they compared their measurements to an existing dataset of 24 rabbit species that included representatives of all 11 modern rabbit genera to provide an evolutionary baseline of morphological changes with which to compare wild, feral and domesticated rabbits. Not surprisingly, Professor Sherratt and collaborators discovered that the 121 domesticated study rabbits showed much more variation in skull shape and size than do wild and feral rabbits, with substantial shape differences (figure 1A,B), which is attributed in part to their greater diversity in body size (figure 1C). Why is there so much variation in feral rabbits' skulls? To answer this, Professor Sherratt and collaborators investigated several hypotheses regarding the feralization process. 'Exposure to different environments and predators in introduced ranges may drive rabbit populations to evolve different traits that help them survive in novel environments, as has been shown in other species,' proposed Professor Sherratt. 'Alternatively, rabbits may be able to express more trait plasticity in environments with fewer evolutionary pressures,' Professor Sherratt continued. 'In particular, relaxed functional demands in habitats that are free of large predators, such as Australia and New Zealand, might drive body size variation, which we know drives cranial shape variation in introduced rabbits.' Does the process of feralization follow a precise, predictable pathway? 'Because the range is so variable and sometimes like neither wild nor domestic, feralization in rabbits is not morphologically predictable if extrapolated from the wild or the domestic stock,' Professor Sherratt replied. What surprised you most about this study's findings? 'That feral rabbits can get so big!" replied Professor Sherratt in email. 'Almost double the mass of one from southern Spain.' Why don't rabbits show as much morphological diversity as dogs or cats? For example, a recent study (ref) found that dogs and cats have both been selected to have short faces, so why isn't this seen in rabbits? 'We think this is because the long face of rabbits is a biomechanical necessity for this species,' explained Professor Sherratt in email. 'Important for herbivores.' Why is this research so important? 'Understanding how animals change when they become feral and invade new habitats helps us to predict what effect other invasive animals will have on our environment, and how we may mitigate their success.' What's next? 'Our next paper will look at the environmental factors that have influenced the diversity of skull shapes in Australia,' Professor Sherratt replied in email. '[For example], we have found that temperatures and precipitation have a lot of influence on the traits we see.' Source: Emma Sherratt, Christine Böhmer, Cécile Callou, Thomas J. Nelson, Rishab Pillai, Irina Ruf, Thomas J. Sanger, Julia Schaar, Kévin Le Verger, Brian Kraatz and Madeleine Geiger (2025). From wild to domestic and in between: how domestication and feralization changed the morphology of rabbits, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 292:20251150 | doi:10.1098/rspb.2025.1150 © Copyright by GrrlScientist | hosted by Forbes | Socials: Bluesky | CounterSocial | LinkedIn | Mastodon Science | Spoutible | SubStack | Threads | Tumblr | Twitter

Experts warn drastic action may be necessary in communities along US East Coast: 'We're dealing with something completely unprecedented'
Experts warn drastic action may be necessary in communities along US East Coast: 'We're dealing with something completely unprecedented'

Yahoo

time28-07-2025

  • Yahoo

Experts warn drastic action may be necessary in communities along US East Coast: 'We're dealing with something completely unprecedented'

Experts warn drastic action may be necessary in communities along US East Coast: 'We're dealing with something completely unprecedented' A climate adaptation scientist is warning that drastic changes may be necessary along the American East Coast. What's happening? According to EcoRI, Emma Gildesgame, a climate adaptation scientist for The Nature Conservancy, believes that it's time to start talking about managed retreat as a response to climate-induced coastal change. Managed retreat is when coastal buildings and towns pull back from their original locations, relocating further inland in an attempt to avoid being submerged by the rising oceans as our planet gets warmer. The practice is often seen as a last-ditch attempt to salvage areas that are most impacted by rising oceans as our coastlines shrink. However, per EcoRI, Gildesgame says the time is coming sooner than we think and that the goal right now is to "work with nature to keep people safer from climate change." Why is managed retreat important? For the United States, sea levels are expected to rise by a foot by 2050 if we continue along our current path, according to the Earth Information Center. That means that as time goes on, more and more coastal towns and cities are going to find themselves threatened by the same seas that they've relied on to thrive for decades or longer. On top of that, with sea levels rising, issues like flooding become more commonplace, with storms needing to be less and less severe to cause widespread flooding and damage. Managed retreat is a way to stave off those problems and keep towns safe from our changing climate. While extreme weather events have always existed, experts have found that human activities like burning dirty fuels have caused our planet to heat up, supercharging weather events and creating the need for proactive safety measures as temperatures rise. What's being done about managed retreat and rising ocean levels? Gildesgame said she's been having conversations for years about starting the process of managed retreat from coastal towns in New England. "I think it was like 2022 that I started having these conversations," she told EcoRI. "People were like, 'Oh, we can't talk about that. It's too complicated.' Governments don't want to be in the business of telling people where they can and can't live. There's deep, deep, deep trauma around government relocation in a lot of communities." However, she noted that people are realizing the severity of the situation. Do you think our power grid needs to be upgraded? Definitely Only in some states Not really I'm not sure Click your choice to see results and speak your mind. "We're tough New Englanders. We'll be fine. We'll just build stronger," Gildesgame said. "But we're dealing with something completely unprecedented." The hope is that by moving communities away from the shore, it will reduce the strain on the natural ecosystem in the area, restoring natural beaches, salt marshes, and sand dunes to mitigate the spread of flooding. As for the wider issue of coastal erosion and rising oceans, our best course of action is to continue prioritizing the reduction of carbon pollution, in the hopes of slowing our changing climate down. Join our free newsletter for good news and useful tips, and don't miss this cool list of easy ways to help yourself while helping the planet. Solve the daily Crossword

Sapient Intelligence Open-Sources Hierarchical Reasoning Model, a Brain-Inspired Architecture That Solves Complex Reasoning Tasks With 27 Million Parameters
Sapient Intelligence Open-Sources Hierarchical Reasoning Model, a Brain-Inspired Architecture That Solves Complex Reasoning Tasks With 27 Million Parameters

Associated Press

time21-07-2025

  • Associated Press

Sapient Intelligence Open-Sources Hierarchical Reasoning Model, a Brain-Inspired Architecture That Solves Complex Reasoning Tasks With 27 Million Parameters

A 27 M-parameter, brain-inspired architecture cracks ARC-AGI, Sudoku-Extreme, and Maze-Hard with just 1000 training examples and without pre-training Singapore - 21 July, 2025 - AGI Research Company Sapient Intelligence today announced the open-source release of its Hierarchical Reasoning Model (HRM), a brain-inspired architecture that leverages hierarchical structure and multi-timescale processing to achieve substantial computational depth without sacrificing training stability or efficiency. Trained on just 1000 examples without pre-training, with only 27 million parameters, HRM successfully tackles reasoning challenges that continue to frustrate today's large language models (LLMs). Beyond LLMs' Reasoning Limits Current LLMs depend heavily on Chain-of-Thought prompting, an approach that often suffers from brittle task decomposition, immense training data demands and high latency. Inspired by the hierarchical and multi-timescale processing in the human brain, HRM overcomes these constraints by embracing three fundamental principles observed in cortical computation: hierarchical processing, temporal separation, and recurrent connectivity. Composed of a high-level module performing slow, abstract planning and a low-level module executing rapid, detailed computations, HRM is capable of alternating dynamically between automatic thinking ('System 1') and deliberate reasoning ('System 2') in a single forward pass. 'AGI is really about giving machines human-level, and eventually beyond-human, intelligence. CoT lets the models imitate human reasoning by playing the odds, and it's only a workaround. At Sapient, we're starting from scratch with a brain-inspired architecture, because nature has already spent billions of years perfecting it. Our model actually thinks and reasons like a person, not just crunches probabilities to ace benchmarks. We believe it will reach, then surpass, human intelligence, and that's when the AGI conversation gets real,' said Guan Wang, founder and CEO of Sapient Intelligence. Inspired by the brain, HRM has two recurrent networks operating at different timescales to collaboratively solve tasks Benchmark Breakthroughs Despite its compact scale of 27 million parameters and using only 1000 input-output examples, all without any pre-training or Chain-of-Thought supervision, HRM learns to solve problems that even the most advanced LLMs struggle with. In the Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) AGI Challenge, a widely accepted benchmark of inductive reasoning, HRM archives a performance of 5% on ARC-AGI-2, significantly outperforming OpenAI o3-mini-high, DeepSeek R1, and Claude 3.7 8K, all of which rely on far larger sizes and context lengths. In complex Sudoku puzzles and optimal pathfinding in 30x30 mazes, where state-of-the-art CoT methods completely fail, HRM delivers near-perfect accuracy. With only about 1000 training examples, the HRM (~27M parameters) surpasses state-of-the-art CoT models on ARC-AGI, Sudoku-Extreme, and Maze-Hard* The Sapient Intelligence team is already running new experiments and expects to publish even stronger ARC-AGI scores soon. Real-World Impact HRM's data efficiency and reasoning accuracy open new opportunities in fields where large datasets are scarce yet accuracy is critical. In healthcare, Sapient is partnering with leading medical research institutions to deploy HRM to support complex diagnostics, particularly rare-disease cases where data signals are sparse, subtle, and demand deep reasoning. In climate forecasting, HRM raises subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) forecasting accuracy to 97 %, a leap that translates directly into social and economic value. In robotics, HRM's low-latency, lightweight architecture serves as an on-device 'decision brain,' enabling next-generation robots to perceive and act in real time within dynamic environments. Path Forward Sapient Intelligence believes that HRM presents a viable alternative to the currently dominant CoT reasoning models. It offers a practical path toward universally capable reasoning systems that rely on architecture, not scale, to push the frontier of AI and, ultimately, close the gap between today's models and true artificial general intelligence. Availability The source code is available on GitHub at About Sapient Intelligence Sapient Intelligence is a global AGI research company headquartered in Singapore, with research centers in San Francisco and Beijing, building the next-generation AI model for complex reasoning. Our mission is to reach artificial general intelligence by developing a radically new architecture that integrates reinforcement learning, evolutionary algorithms, and neuroscience research to push beyond the limits of today's LLMs. In July 2025, we introduced the Sapient Hierarchical Reasoning Model (HRM), a hierarchical, brain-inspired model that achieves deep reasoning with minimal data. With just 27 million parameters and approximately 1,000 training examples, without pre-training, Sapient HRM achieves near-perfect accuracy on Sudoku Extreme, Maze Hard, and other high-difficulty math tasks and outperforms current models that are significantly larger on the ARC-AGI. Early pilot applications will include healthcare, robot control, and climate forecasting. Our fast-growing team includes alumni of Google DeepMind, DeepSeek, Anthropic, and xAI, alongside researchers from Tsinghua University, Peking University, UC Berkeley, the University of Cambridge, and the University of Alberta, working together to close the gap between today's language models and true general intelligence. For more information, visit Media Contact [email protected], [email protected] Media Contact Company Name: Sapient Intelligence Contact Person: Gen Li Email: Send Email Country: China Website: Source: EmailWire

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