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‘Shining' creature with ‘flat' back found at hotel in Laos. It's a new species

‘Shining' creature with ‘flat' back found at hotel in Laos. It's a new species

Miami Herald20-05-2025
As a rainstorm passed over a hotel in a small town of Laos, a 'shining' creature with a 'flat' back emerged from its hiding place and crawled up a tree trunk. Something about it caught the attention of returning scientists — and for good reason.
It turned out to be a new species.
A team of researchers spent four years traveling the Southeast Asian country of Laos and surveying millipedes, according to a study published May 16 in the peer-reviewed journal ZooKeys.
During a field trip in 2017, researchers returned to 'Phu Thevada Hotel in the evening following a rainfall, after a full day of collecting' specimens, the study said. To their surprise, 'the rainfall prompted millipedes and land snails to emerge.'
Researchers collected dozens of millipedes from the ground and trees around the hotel. They took a closer look at the animals and realized they'd discovered a new species: Touranella srisonchaii, or Srisonchai's flat-back millipede.
Srisonchai's flat-back millipedes can reach out about an inch in length, the study said. Their 'smooth and shining' bodies have 20 segments and 'moderately long' antennae.
Photos show the black millipede and its 'pale yellowish' legs.
Researchers said they named the new species after Ruttapon Srisonchai, a millipede researcher at Khon Kaen University, 'who has not only contributed to the study of millipede taxonomy in Thailand, but also collected the type series of this new species.'
So far, Srisonchai's flat-back millipedes have only been found around Phu Thevada Hotel in Paksong, a city in southern Laos, a landlocked country bordering Cambodia, China, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam.
Phu Thevada Hotel shared a photo of the hotel building in a 2010 Facebook post.
Much about the lifestyle and behavior of Srisonchai's flat-back millipedes remains unknown.
The new species was identified by its genitalia and other subtle physical features, the study said. Researchers did not include a DNA analysis of the new species.
The research team included Natdanai Likhitrakarn, Sergei Golovatch, Khamla Inkhavilay, Somsak Panha and Chirasak Sutcharit.
The team also discovered two more new species of flat-back millipede, including one at an ancient Hindu temple.
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Where guests are guardians But those days are gone. While no exact wild population numbers exist, Thailand hasn't seen wild catches in years. Today, a massive golden catfish statue stands downstream from Chiang Khong where the giant fish once swam—a monument to what's been lost in the wild. Recognizing the threats to the giant catfish, the Thai government launched a breeding program aimed at preservation in the early 1980s. The species, it turned out, adapted well to hatchery techniques, and populations steadily grew in government facilities. Over time, these giants found their way into private hands, with collectors, temple caretakers, and fish farmers raising giant catfish alongside other iconic species such as the giant barb, the world's largest carp, and the striking but rare seven-striped barb. 'Their large size gives them a sacred status that is often linked to religious beliefs,' says Chaiwut Grudpan, a fish biologist at Ubon Ratchathani University. The fish also appeal to the nostalgia of some collectors. Sittitam Ruengcharungpong grew up in Bangkok surrounded by fish his father raised as a hobby. Today, he breeds dragon fish and arapaima commercially but keeps several Thai megafish species in his two home ponds. 'I want to grow them to full size, like the ones I saw when I was young, and be able to show my children how big they can get,' he says. This gold catfish statue at a Buddhist temple, known as Wat Pla Buek, in the northern Thai town of Chiang Khong commemorates the Mekong giant. Photograph By amnat, Almay For Jirawat 'Organ' Sangphoo, Thailand's fascination with giant fish has become a thriving business. Outside Bangkok, he rents a former shrimp farm the size of a football field, where he keeps hundreds of fish ranging from exotic imports to native megafish. His customers include private collectors, aquariums, and fishing parks, and business is steadily growing. The most prized fish, he says, is the giant barb—also known as the Siamese carp—a slow-growing species native to the Mekong and Chao Phraya river basins that is widely considered a symbol of prosperity and good luck. 'Organ' once sold a single specimen weighing 266 pounds (121 kilograms) to a fishing park for 1.7 million baht, or about $52,000. Given their value and the short time he handles them, he says, 'I take care of the fish as if they're my pets.' Avoiding a genetic bottleneck Researchers first need to know how many captive fish there are, where they're being kept, and how genetically diverse they are. Tools like environmental DNA could help detect the presence of megafish in backyard ponds and fish farms. Hogan and his colleagues hope to track the origins of captive megafish and sample the gene pool beginning with a study of Mekong giant catfish. (Read more about scientists' efforts to save the world's largest freshwater fish.) 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Mekong giant catfish are among the largest freshwater fish in the world. In the early 1900s, fishermen would catch hundreds of fish annually, but today, wild catches are extremely rare. Photograph By Fargriv, Shutterstock Adapting to captivity alone isn't the only hurdle; a central concern is genetics. Decades of artificial selection and inbreeding in closed systems can lead to genetic drift and bottlenecks, weakening traits critical for survival in the wild. Fish like the Mekong giant catfish produce thousands of offspring per spawn, but in hatcheries, a single pair can generate tens of thousands of fish. Without careful tracking, this narrows the gene pool, heightening inbreeding risks and undermining long-term survival. 'Releasing these fish could dilute the genetic diversity of wild populations, making them less resilient to diseases, environmental changes, or new threats,' says Apinun Suvarnaraksha, a fisheries lecturer at Maejo University in Chiang Mai. Compounding the issue, captive fish don't face the same challenges as their wild counterparts. In controlled environments, they often develop traits—like tameness or dependency on hand-feeding—that reduce their ability to survive in the wild. 'To rebuild wild populations, it's not enough to have fish,' says Hogan. 'We need to ensure they're genetically strong enough to survive.' In Cambodia, fishers still sometimes see Mekong giant catfish in the wild. Here Cambodian officials release one back into the wild. Part of a last-ditch effort The role of private collectors in conservation is contentious. Critics say it risks normalizing wildlife ownership, while others see it as a last resort for species with nowhere else to go. For some collectors, being part of the conservation effort is part of the appeal. Nantarika Chansue, a veterinarian at Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok and a leading Thai expert in aquatic animal health, keeps around 20 Mekong giant catfish in a lily-covered pond at her home outside the city. She also cares for two dozen giant freshwater stingrays, many of them rescued from fishermen. 'It makes me proud to care for species that are so rare in the world,' she says. In Vientiane, the capital of neighboring Laos, one individual has taken matters into his own hands. A businessman—who requested anonymity out of concern for provoking the government—has built a custom tank to house a handful of critically endangered wolf barbs (Luciocyprinus striolatus), also known as monkey-eating fish. He rescued them from a Mekong tributary that may be their last refuge but is now threatened by a dam under construction. 'When the dam is finished, the wolf barb will disappear from the wild,' he says. Watching the fish—sleek and fast as they dart through the water—he calls his effort 'the last option.' 'There is no manual for this,' he adds. 'I'm just trying to save the species.' (Rivers and lakes are the most degraded ecosystems in the world. Can we save them?) A river to return to An even bigger challenge awaits beyond the ponds. Reintroducing animals that thrive in captivity back into the wild is notoriously difficult, especially for large freshwater fish. Mekong's megafish face relentless pressures from dam construction, overfishing, and increasingly climate change. Many, like the giant catfish, are long-distance migrators that depend on connected, healthy river systems. While Thailand has released hatchery-raised fingerlings into reservoirs, efforts to reintroduce them into the Mekong itself have struggled. 'The focus must shift towards a more holistic approach, which includes not only breeding and release but also habitat protection and restoration,' says Suvarnaraksha. 'That means controlling illegal fishing, addressing dam impacts, and working closely with local communities.' Thailand may not have seen wild catches of the Mekong giant catfish in years, but it can look to Cambodia, where the river system is healthiest, as a sign of what's still possible. Late last year, Cambodian fishers caught and released 17 Mekong giant catfish in the Tonle Sap and Mekong rivers, the highest number recorded in more than two decades. Several exceeded 200 pounds, and the fish spanned multiple age classes, indicating natural reproduction is still occurring. Whatever role megafish in private collections might end up playing, Thailand's rivers would need to both support fish survival and reproduction. 'It's not the solution, but it's not the problem either,' says Hogan. 'It only becomes a problem when people think having the fish in captivity is enough. It's not. Real conservation means giving them a river to return to.'

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